‘Dearest Nicky…’: Monarchical Relations between Prussia, the German Empire and Russia during the Nineteenth Century

1999 ◽  
pp. 157-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Paulmann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
German Empire

Interzone History

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall Halle
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Moving Image ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter looks at the latter part of the nineteenth century when film makes its appearance, and at which point old multiethnic empires such as the Austro-Hungarian, the Russian, or the Ottoman competed with the colonial powers of France and Great Britain, and new rising powers like the German Empire, for world domination. The moving image that entered into the medial apparatus intimately connected to questions of nationalism and imperialism. The chapter focuses on the historical development of cinema from the early silent to early sound eras. It seeks to revise that history by considering the relationship of the cinematic apparatus to the imperial and national social configuration, while underscoring the production of interzones in those relationships.

Piety, Power, and Powerlessness: Religion and Religious Groups in Germany, 1870–1945

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka Habermas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Secularization Theory ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
Power And Powerlessness

An examination of eligion and religious groups that prevailed in Germany during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries form the essence of this article. Many citizens of the Wilhelminian Empire believed they were seeing an increasing decline in the importance of religion. This view was also shared by scholars at the time including August Comte and Max Weber. Not only Weber and his contemporaries held this view; subsequent generations of sociologists and historians likewise adhered to the notion that modernity was secular; indeed, this alone sufficed to make it ‘modern’. This article focuses on the idea that the stronger the critique of the secularization theory became, the more intently people searched for alternative ways to explain the perceived changes in piety and religious institutions from the nineteenth century onward. This article moves further to explain the topographies of the religious and the secular under the German empire and reconfigurations of the same. An analysis of the religion and religious groups at the political backdrop concludes this article.

scholarly journals ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. vii-viii
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Future Opportunity ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
New Phase

In 1871 Anglo-German relations entered a new phase that was keenly observed by the British diplomats to Germany whose reports are included in this volume (the first of a two-volume mini-series which covers the years up to 1897). Yet, when compared with the reports from the German Confederation selected for the preceding series, British Envoys to Germany, 1816–1866, change was subtle, and many of the qualities and characteristics of the diplomatic reportage from Germany can be seen to persist. In fact, the seemingly anachronistic maintenance of British diplomatic relations with the federal states of the newly founded German empire has inspired the continuation of the Envoys editorial project. While diplomatic reports from Germany after 1897 – when dispatches from the smaller German courts gradually lose their bite – have been made widely available through previous document collections, British Envoys to the Kaiserreich presents far less well-known perspectives on and attitudes towards Germany. These multifaceted observations by British diplomats preclude any sort of teleological account of the new Kaiserreich leading up to 1914, and it is to be hoped that there will be future opportunity (and funding) to present the reportage in the eventful years 1867–1870 in order to gain an even more nuanced understanding of nineteenth-century Anglo–German relations.

scholarly journals History in the Service of Politics: A Reassessment of G. G. Gervinus

1971 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles E. McClelland
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
The West ◽  
German Empire ◽  
East And West Germany ◽  
History Of ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
University Of Göttingen ◽  
The University

The year 1971 marks the centenary of the death of Georg Gottfried Gervinus. This fact might seem to warrant attention only of antiquarians, since Gervinus appears in most textbooks (if at all) as a professor dismissed from the University of Göttingen for protesting the revocation of the Hanoverian constitution in 1837. But two facts about his reputation inspire greater attention. First, Gervinus was buried with unseemly haste by a host of unflattering necrologists, from Ranke on down, in the very year of the founding of the German Empire. Second, he has again achieved some attention recently as one of the few German democrats among the nineteenth-century professorate, thanks to publications in both East and West Germany. As an opponent of the “reactionary class compromise which underlay the unification of the Reich from above,” he has become an object of veneration in East Germany. In the west, the publication of his Introduction to the History of the Nineteenth Century and the subsequent Treason Trial against Gervinus has focused attention on the fate of those who sanctioned democratic revolution in the reactionary 1850's.3 In both cases, in obscurity and tendentious revival, Gervinus has been blamed or praised more for what he stood for than for what he was.

Calhoun's Idea of “Concurrent Majority” and the Constitutional Theory of Hegel

1939 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-590
Author(s):  
Gunnar Heckscher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Constitutional Theory ◽  
Federal System ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
American Experience ◽  
The Government

It is a well-known fact that the writings of John C. Calhoun were read and admired by German political theorists in the latter part of the nineteenth century. When the problems of federalism became predominant in the German Empire, it was found natural to turn to American experience and to study the works of the leaders of contending factions in the United States before the Civil War.There may, however, be another reason why Calhoun, in particular, proved such a valuable source for the German authors. His theory of the concurrent majority, in many parts, presents a striking resemblance to the arguments advanced on the continent of Europe in defense of legislatures built on representation, not of individuals, but of groups, interests, or estates. It can be assumed that Calhoun, when speaking of the safeguards necessary against the despotism of the numerical majority, was thinking primarily of the federal system and states' rights. On the other hand, he can hardly have regarded this arrangement as the only possible solution to his problem. He defines the government of the concurrent majority as one “where the organism is perfect, excludes the possibility of oppression, by giving to each interest, or portion, or order,—where there are established classes,—the means of protecting itself, by its negative, against all measures calculated to advance the peculiar interests of others at its expense.” Especially in view of the expression “where there are established classes,” it seems safe to say that Calhoun probably knew of the existence of representation by estates of the realm in European countries, and regarded such systems with favor.

Aus Nordcarolina: The Jewish American South in German Jewish Periodicals of the Nineteenth Century

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-272
Author(s):  
Anton Hieke
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
American South ◽  
Jewish Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Negative Stereotypes ◽  
German Empire ◽  
German Jews ◽  
Southern States ◽  
German Jewish

Abstract For many German Jewish papers of the nineteenth century, the United States of America was held up as an ideal. This holds true especially for the Allgemeine Zeitung des Judentums, then Germany’s most influential Jewish publication. In America, Jews had already achieved what their co-religionists in Germany strove for until complete legal emancipation with the formation of the German Empire in 1871: the transition from ‘Jews in Germany’ via ‘German Jews’ to ‘Germans of the Jewish faith.’ Thus, the experiences of Jews from Germany in America represented the post-emancipation hopes for those who had remained behind.2 When examined for the representation of Jewry living in the American Southern states,3 it becomes apparent that German Jewish papers in their coverage of America largely refrained from a regionalization. Most articles and accounts concerning Jewish life in the South do not show any significant distinctiveness in the perception of the region and its Jews. The incidents presented or the comments sent to the papers might in fact have occurred in respectively dealt with any region of the United States at the time, barring anything that remotely dealt with slavery or secession prior to 1865. When the Jewish South was explicitly dealt with in the papers, however, it either functioned as an ‘über-America’ of the negative stereotypes in respect to low Jewish piety, or took the place of an alternative America of injustice and slavery—the ‘anti-America.’ Jewish Southerners who actively supported the region during the Civil War, or who had internalized the South’s moral values as supporters of the Confederacy and/or slavery were condemned in the strongest words for endangering the existence of ‘America the Ideal.’ As the concept of the United States and its Jewish life is represented in a largely unrealistic manner that almost exclusively focused on the positive aspects of Jewish life in America, the concept of the Jewish South was equally far from being accurate.

Anatolia as a site of German colonial desire and national re-awakenings

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 117-150
Author(s):  
Malte Fuhrmann
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
German Empire ◽  
German Colonialism ◽  
Turkish Nationalism ◽  
A Site ◽  
Agricultural Settlement

AbstractAnatolia played an important role in German nineteenth-century colonial aspirations that was subsequently blacked out in both the Federal Republic of Germany and the Turkish Republic, due to their political re-orientation. To recreate the important role that Anatolia played in German colonialism, classic approaches to the studies of imperialism, such as tracing government actions through official documentation, are insufficient. This approach must be combined with a close reading of consular archives, travelogues, propaganda leaflets, and personal letters, in order to ascertain correctly the dissemination of motives underlying the Germans' actions in nineteenth-century Anatolia. Based on this approach, one can differentiate between three different roles that Anatolia played in German colonial thoughts and deeds: as an untouched land destined for agricultural settlement; as a source of inspiration for the German Empire to reshape itself in the image of ancient Pergamon; and as a site where German colonialism and Turkish nationalism could cooperate to their mutual benefit.

The Chartering of the British North Borneo Company

1965 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-126
Author(s):  
John S. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
German Empire ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
North Borneo ◽  
The World ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Foreign Office ◽  
Permanent Staff

“Imperialism,” an eminent historian has written, “is no word for scholars.” But the study of European political expansion in Asia, the Pacific islands, and Africa in the last quarter of the nineteenth century certainly merits scholarly attention, and recently has been receiving it. Since 1960 an impressive array of books and articles has appeared which present new insights into aspects of the “scramble,” particularly the motives for British action. Most of these studies have been concerned with Africa, and a possible deficiency in the analysis of one of the most notable of them has been that in its preoccupation with Africa it has not taken sufficient account of relevant developments elsewhere.During the second half of the nineteenth century, particularly after 1870, European influence advanced with a new aggressiveness into the under-powered areas of the world. In the halcyon days of the Pax Britannica, British governments had sought to avoid annexations as unproductive and expensive. This policy continued to be the creed in the 1870's, but some statesmen found it increasingly difficult to apply without serious risk to major British interests. These officials were motivated largely by fear of future challenges rather than of demonstrated peril. But there was a growing conviction, particularly evident in the permanent staff of the Foreign Office, that Europe had entered a new era of great-power rivalries in which Britain must either pursue a more active imperial policy or risk the loss of commerce, prestige, and world power. There was widespread apprehension that expansion into overseas areas by the militant and protectionist German Empire, Spain, and other European states might be ruinous to British trade and dangerous to Imperial security.

scholarly journals IMAGINANDO SÃO PAULOS NO IMPÉRIO ALEMÃO: PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE IMIGRAÇÃO (1890-1905)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Bruno Gabriel Witzel de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
German Empire ◽  
Immigration Studies ◽  
The Creation

Para analisar algumas percepções populares alemãs sobre a imigração para São Paulo na virada para o século XX, este artigo utiliza duas fontes relativamente desconhecidas do público atual: o conto infanto-juvenil “Die Ansiedler von São Paulo” de Edgard Reinhold (1897) e um ensaio sobre as comunidades alemãs em São Paulo de Carlos Frederico Scheler (1905), publicado no almanaque “Erstes Jahrbuch für die deutschsprechende Kolonie im Staate São Paulo”. O artigo demonstra a persistência das visões negativas sobre São Paulo na Alemanha ainda na virada para o século XX, fruto principalmente das experiências com trabalhadores rurais endividados, empregados sob o sistema de parceria em meados do século XIX. Outros temas relevantes discutidos pelos autores incluíam: (i) a insegurança dos direitos de propriedade na aquisição de terras e (ii) as dificuldades de acesso à justiça brasileira pelos estrangeiros. Reinhold e Scheler apresentam visões antagônicas sobre estes pontos – o que se explica pela natureza dos textos, suas fontes e públicos esperados. No entanto, ambos adotam uma perspectiva homogeneizante para abordar a presença alemã no estrangeiro; tem-se nos dois a formulação do arquétipo dos “alemães do estrangeiro” (Auslandsdeutsche), conforme pensado para servir aos interesses do Império Alemão. Finalmente, o artigo discute a regionalização dos estudos de imigração no Brasil e propõe paralelos entre o sul e o sudeste, conforme discutido por Reinhold e Scheler.Palavras-chave: Imigração. Comunidades alemãs. São Paulo.ABSTRACTThis paper studies some popular German perceptions about immigration to São Paulo at the turn to the twentieth century by making use of two sources that are relatively unkown to modern audiences: the story “Die Ansiedler von São Paulo” from Edgard Reinhold (1897) – a tale for the youth – and an essay about the German communities of São Paulo by Carlos Frederico Scheler (1905) published in the almanac “Erstes Jahrbuch für die deutschsprechende Kolonie im Staate São Paulo”. This article demonstrates the persistence in Germany of some negative views about São Paulo at the turn to the twentieth century, a consequence mainly of the experiences with indebted rural laborers employed under sharecropping contracts by the mid-nineteenth century. Other relevant themes discussed by the sources include: (i) the insecure property righs on landownership and (ii) problems that foreigners faced to access the Brazilian justice. Reinhold and Scheler have antagonic understandings about these points – which is comprehensible considering the nature of these two texts, their own sources and their expected readers. However, the authors adopt a homogenizing perspective to deal with the German presence outside Germany; we perceive in both texts the creation of an archetypical “German living abroad” (Auslandsdeutsche), conceptualized to serve the interests of the German Empire. Finally, this article debates the regionalization of immigration studies in Brazil and proposes tracing more parallels between the southern and southeastern regions, as also discussed by Reinhold and Scheler.Keywords: Immigration. German communities. São Paulo.

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