scholarly journals THE SUNDSVALL SNOW STORAGE–SIX YEARS OF OPERATION

2007 ◽  
pp. 349-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Nordell ◽  
Kjell Skogsberg
Keyword(s):  
Snow Storage

Hydrological Response of a Patchy High Arctic Wetland

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy L. Young ◽  
Ming-ko Woo
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Streamflow Response ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Flow ◽  
Present Understanding

High Arctic patchy wetlands are ecological oases in a polar desert environment and are vulnerable to climatic warming. At present, understanding of their responses to external factors (climate and terrain) is limited. This study examines a wetland located in a topographic depression maintained by seasonal snowmelt, ground ice melt and lateral inflows. The wetland is located on Cornwallis Island, Nunavut, Canada. Hydrological, climatological and soil observations were made over several summers with different weather conditions. The summers of 1996 and 1997 were cool and wet but the summer of 1998 was warm and dry. The melt in 1996 was rapid due to rain on snow events and only lasted six days. Deeper snow in 1997 prolonged the melt season to 18 days. A shallow snow-cover in 1998 and early melt depleted the snow by early June. Surface, groundwater and storage fluctuations in the wetland were dictated by snowmelt, rainfall, evaporation loss from the wetland and lateral inputs which in turn were controlled by the melting of the late-lying snow storage in the catchment. Soil factors influence the spatial variations in ground thaw which affects the surface and subsurface flow. Streamflow response of the wetland reflects a nival regime and augmentation of streamflow thoughout the summer season in all three years is supported by multiple water sources: ground ice melt and suprapermafrost water from a large late-lying snowpack. Overall, this study suggests that the survival of some patchy wetlands depends on their interaction with the surrounding basin, with a dependency probably being more important during warm and dry seasons.

Spatial Distribution of Snow Storage and Snowmelt Dynamics in Central Yenisei Siberia

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-92
Author(s):  
I. V. Danilova ◽  
◽  
A. A. Onuchin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Snow Cover ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Thermal Regime ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Weather Station ◽  
Digital Maps ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Snow Storage

In this paper the spatial distribution of water reserves in the snow cover and the dynamics of snow cover melting due to the peculiarity of the thermal regime were analyzed for the central part of Yenisei Siberia. To create digital maps of water reserves in the snow cover, regression models were developed. The geographic coordinates, elevation above sea level and the distance from the orographic boundaries were used as independent variables in regression models. Based on the created maps, the dynamics of snow cover melting was obtained in the study area, taking into account the thermal regime at a key weather station.

Chloride transport and related processes at a municipal snow storage and disposal site

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Exall ◽  
Jiri Marsalek ◽  
Quintin Rochfort ◽  
Steven Kydd
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Transport ◽  
Disposal Site ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Environment Canada ◽  
Conductivity Measurements ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Disposal Facility ◽  
Stormwater Pond ◽  
The Town ◽  
Receiving Water

The practice of used snow disposal has evolved from indiscriminate snow dumping to storage and meltwater management at engineered snow disposal sites. The Town of Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada, constructed such a snow disposal site in 2003. Environment Canada and the Town of Richmond Hill formed a partnership to investigate the operation of the Richmond Hill Snow Storage Facility (RHSSF) with respect to snowmelt flows, fluxes of chemicals contained in snowmelt and direct effects on the receiving water. Results of chloride monitoring during the winter of 2007 are presented here. Roughly 16 tonnes of chloride passed through the snow disposal facility in 2007, which in itself reflects only a small proportion of the total salt applied to roads that winter. The highest concentrations of chloride were present in early melt, with 50% of the chloride released within the first 30% of the meltwater. The remainder of the chloride was released in lower concentration, higher volume melt later in the season. As expected, conductivity measurements at the outlet of the stormwater pond indicate that the meltwater management system served to delay and dilute the chloride released, but not to remove the pollutant.

scholarly journals FEASIBILITY OF OVER-SUMMER SNOW STORAGE AT THE CRAFTSBURY OUTDOORS CENTER IN CRAFTSBURY, VT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Weiss ◽  
◽  
Paul R. Bierman ◽  
Yves Dubief ◽  
Scott D. Hamshaw
Keyword(s):  
Snow Storage

Low-altitude periglacial activity in southeastern Australia during the late Pleistocene

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Timothy T. Barrows ◽  
Stephanie C. Mills ◽  
Kathryn Fitzsimmons ◽  
Robert Wasson ◽  
Robert Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Major Influence ◽  
Glacial Cycle ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Exposure Dating ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Sediment Loads ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Valley Fills

Abstract Only a small area of the Australian mainland was glaciated during the Pleistocene, whereas periglacial deposits are far more common, indicating that cold environments were extensive and a major influence on landscape evolution. Here we identify representative low-elevation examples of scree slopes and frost action, together with fans and valley fills, indicating pronounced erosion cycles during the Pleistocene. To date the deposits, we explore approaches using radiocarbon, optically stimulated luminescence, and profile dating using the cosmogenic nuclide 10Be. The radiocarbon and optical ages show that screes, alluvial valley fill, and fans were deposited between 66–13 ka during the coldest part of the last glacial cycle, and within the previous glacial cycle. Exposure dating indicates further landscape erosion cycles back to the mid Pleistocene. Together, the deposits indicate the frost cracking limit was ~1300 m lower at 680 ± 10 m and mean winter temperature was 8.2 ± 0.5°C colder than present. Periglacial conditions probably affected much of southeastern Australia. The treeless and dry conditions resulted in widespread erosion and increased run off. Combined with increased snow storage within catchments, rivers were paradoxically larger, with high seasonal discharge and sediment loads.

Urban snow deposits versus snow cooling plants in northern Sweden: a quantitative analysis of snow melt pollutant releases

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lundberg ◽  
James Feiccabrino ◽  
Camilla Westerlund ◽  
Nadhir Al-Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Pollution Control ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Underground Storage ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Northern Sweden ◽  
Surface Deposit ◽  
Filter Surface ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Surface Snow ◽  
Similar Soil

High-velocity runoff from snow deposit transports suspended grain-attached contaminants while underground snow storages trapped these contaminants within the storage. The aim here is to quantify pollutant masses from an urban snow deposit and to investigate the conditions when pollutant control was increased by turning a snow deposit into a snow cooling plant with permeable underground snow storage. Pollutant masses in an urban snow deposit in northern Sweden were: Cu = 67, Pb = 17, Zn = 160, P = 170, SS = 620,000, Cl = 1,200, N = 380 kg. A theoretical analysis showed that the fraction of surface runoff from a surface deposit largely depends on the hydraulic conductivity (K, m s−1) of the soil. For a melt rate of 30 mm, day−1, surface runoff would be about 97% for a soil with K = 10−8, while nonexistent for K > 10−6. Similar soil conductivities are needed to ensure that all snow melt could be transported as groundwater from an underground storage. The largest pollution-control advantage with underground snow storage compared to a surface deposit would thus be that piping and filters for operation of the plant could be used to filter surface snow melt runoff before rejection.

scholarly journals Main Results of Mapping Glacio-Nival Systems in the World Atlas of Snow and Ice Resources

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 111-116
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Kotlyakov ◽  
Natalia N. Dreyer ◽  
Valentina I. Kravtsova
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indirect Methods ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Surface Ablation ◽  
Run Off ◽  
The World ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Liquid Precipitation ◽  
Ice Resources ◽  
Snow And Ice

The compilation of the Atlas was based on the concept of glacio-nival systems (and the fields of these systems), developed in the U.S.S.R. It became possible to map glacionival systems by using all available data and by the development of indirect methods of obtaining regime parameters, characterising the glacio-nival zones. This, in turn, made it possible to show, on maps of different scales, properties relating to glacio-nival phenomena and processes, such as air temperature in a glacierized zone, the amount of solid and liquid precipitation, snow storage, the accumulation and surface ablation of glaciers and melt run-off. The compilation of these maps has demonstrated their conformity and complementary nature, the principles of which were worked out in the course of creating the Atlas. Based on the experience of compiling hundreds of various maps, the paper describes some peculiarities of depicting different elements of glacio-nival systems on maps of different scales and shows ways to overcome shortages of data in preparing the maps.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Impact of Climate Change on Runoff Generation in an Andean Glacier Watershed

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3547
Author(s):  
Rossana Escanilla-Minchel ◽  
Hernán Alcayaga ◽  
Marco Soto-Alvarez ◽  
Christophe Kinnard ◽  
Roberto Urrutia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Emission Scenario ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Trend ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
South Central ◽  
Recent Climate ◽  
The Impact

Excluding Antarctica and Greenland, 3.8% of the world’s glacier area is concentrated in Chile. The country has been strongly affected by the mega drought, which affects the south-central area and has produced an increase in dependence on water resources from snow and glacier melting in dry periods. Recent climate change has led to an elevation of the zero-degree isotherm, a decrease in solid-state precipitation amounts and an accelerated loss of glacier and snow storage in the Chilean Andes. This situation calls for a better understanding of future water discharge in Andean headwater catchments in order to improve water resources management in glacier-fed populated areas. The present study uses hydrological modeling to characterize the hydrological processes occurring in a glacio-nival watershed of the central Andes and to examine the impact of different climate change scenarios on discharge. The study site is the upper sub-watershed of the Tinguiririca River (area: 141 km2), of which nearly 20% is covered by Universidad Glacier. The semi-distributed Snowmelt Runoff Model + Glacier (SRM+G) was forced with local meteorological data to simulate catchment runoff. The model was calibrated on even years and validated on odd years during the 2008–2014 period and found to correctly reproduce daily runoff. The model was then forced with downscaled ensemble projected precipitation and temperature series under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, and the glacier adjusted using a volume-area scaling relationship. The results obtained for 2050 indicate a decrease in mean annual discharge (MAD) of 18.1% for the lowest emission scenario and 43.3% for the most pessimistic emission scenario, while for 2100 the MAD decreases by 31.4 and 54.2%, respectively, for each emission scenario. Results show that decreasing precipitation lead to reduced rainfall and snowmelt contributions to discharge. Glacier melt thus partly buffers the drying climate trend, but our results show that the peak water occurs near 2040, after which glacier depletion leads to reducing discharge, threatening the long-term water resource availability in this region.

scholarly journals Topographic Exposure and its Practical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Mikita ◽  
Martin Klimánek
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Degree Of Protection ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Snow Storage ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Elevation Model

Topographic Exposure and its Practical ApplicationsTopographic exposure is a topographic characteristic representing a degree of protection by a surrounding topography of a certain site. Detailed knowledge of topographic exposure has broad use in a number of applications ranging from studying forest wind damage through research on snow storage dynamics to optimisation in positioning wind power stations. This paper describes a method for creation of topographic exposure on the basis of a digital elevation model (DEM) using GIS. In combination with other climatic data on wind direction and speed, this factor is used to define the degree of terrain ventilation. Low terrain ventilation has, among other things, a significant influence on the creation of valley inversions and related vegetation zoning inversions. By combining the degree of terrain ventilation with DEM and forest vegetation zones in the area of the Training Forest Enterprise Křtiny, a clear relationship between the influence of topographic exposure, or terrain ventilation, and the creation of the vegetation zoning inversion was determined.

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