Oral Feeding, Dysphagia, and Aspiration in Tracheostomized Patients

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Edward A. Bittner ◽  
Ulrich Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Oral Feeding

The Psychosocial Aspects of Feeding in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Beyond

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1507-1515
Author(s):  
Lauren L. Madhoun ◽  
Robert Dempster
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Hospital Discharge ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
The Family

Purpose Feeding challenges are common for infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). While sufficient oral feeding is typically a goal during NICU admission, this can be a long and complicated process for both the infant and the family. Many of the stressors related to feeding persist long after hospital discharge, which results in the parents taking the primary role of navigating the infant's course to ensure continued feeding success. This is in addition to dealing with the psychological impact of having a child requiring increased medical attention and the need to continue to fulfill the demands at home. In this clinical focus article, we examine 3 main areas that impact psychosocial stress among parents with infants in the NICU and following discharge: parenting, feeding, and supports. Implications for speech-language pathologists working with these infants and their families are discussed. A case example is also included to describe the treatment course of an infant and her parents in the NICU and after graduation to demonstrate these points further. Conclusion Speech-language pathologists working with infants in the NICU and following hospital discharge must realize the family context and psychosocial considerations that impact feeding progression. Understanding these factors may improve parental engagement to more effectively tailor treatment approaches to meet the needs of the child and family.

High Flow Oxygen Therapy and the Pressure to Feed Infants With Acute Respiratory Illness

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1010
Author(s):  
Jennifer Raminick ◽  
Hema Desai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
High Flow ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Respiratory Support ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
High Flow Oxygen

Purpose Infants hospitalized for an acute respiratory illness often require the use of noninvasive respiratory support during the initial stage to improve their breathing. High flow oxygen therapy (HFOT) is becoming a more popular means of noninvasive respiratory support, often used to treat respiratory syncytial virus/bronchiolitis. These infants present with tachypnea and coughing, resulting in difficulties in coordinating sucking and swallowing. However, they are often allowed to feed orally despite having high respiratory rate, increased work of breathing and on HFOT, placing them at risk for aspiration. Feeding therapists who work with these infants have raised concerns that HFOT creates an additional risk factor for swallowing dysfunction, especially with infants who have compromised airways or other comorbidities. There is emerging literature concluding changes in pharyngeal pressures with HFOT, as well as aspiration in preterm neonates who are on nasal continuous positive airway pressure. However, there is no existing research exploring the effect of HFOT on swallowing in infants with acute respiratory illness. This discussion will present findings from literature on HFOT, oral feeding in the acutely ill infant population, and present clinical practice guidelines for safe feeding during critical care admission for acute respiratory illness. Conclusion Guidelines for safety of oral feeds for infants with acute respiratory illness on HFOT do not exist. However, providers and parents continue to want to provide oral feeds despite clinical signs of respiratory distress and coughing. To address this challenge, we initiated a process change to use clinical bedside evaluation and a “cross-systems approach” to provide recommendations for safer oral feeds while on HFOT as the infant is recovering from illness. Use of standardized feeding evaluation and protocol have improved consistency of practice within our department. However, further research is still necessary to develop clinical practice guidelines for safe oral feeding for infants on HFOT.

Antinociceptive effect of Allium schoenoprasum L. oral feeding in diabetic rats

Planta Medica ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Roghani ◽  
T Baluchnejadmojarad ◽  
M Kord
Keyword(s):  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Allium Schoenoprasum

scholarly journals COVID-19 Infection-Related Weight Loss Decreases Eating/Swallowing Function in Schizophrenic Patients

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1113
Author(s):  
Takeshi Kikutani ◽  
Yoko Ichikawa ◽  
Eri Kitazume ◽  
Arato Mizukoshi ◽  
Takashi Tohara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Parenteral Feeding ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Obesity Index ◽  
Life Prognosis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Level Scale

Background: In older people with psychoneurological diseases, COVID-19 infection may be associated with a risk of developing or exacerbating dysphagia. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between eating/swallowing function and COVID-19 infection. Methods: Subjects were 44 inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 infection being treated for schizophrenia in a psychiatric ward. Eating function was assessed using the Food Intake Level Scale (FILS) before and after infection. We also evaluated age, comorbidities, COVID-19 hospital stay, obesity index, weight loss rate, and chlorpromazine equivalent. Results: Subjects had a mean age of 68.86 years. Pre-infection, 20 subjects had a FILS score of 7–9 (presence of eating/swallowing disorder) and 24 subjects had a score of 10 (normal). Eating function after infection resolution showed decreasing FILS score compared to that before infection in 14 subjects (74.14 years). Six subjects (79.3 years) transitioned from oral feeding to parenteral feeding. A ≥ 10% weight loss during infection treatment was significantly associated with decreased eating function and a transition to parenteral feeding. Chlorpromazine equivalents, comorbidities, and number of days of hospitalization showed no associations with decreased eating function. Conclusions: Preventing malnutrition during treatment for COVID-19 infection is important for improving post-infection life prognosis and maintaining quality of life (QOL).

scholarly journals QOLP-03. NEURO-ONCOLOGY PALLIATIVE CARE SURVEY OF PHYSICIANS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii175-ii175
Author(s):  
Ramya Tadipatri ◽  
Amir Azadi ◽  
Madison Cowdrey ◽  
Samuel Fongue ◽  
Paul Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Statistical Testing ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Sub Saharan

Abstract BACKGROUND Early access to palliative care is a critical component of treating patients with advanced cancer, particularly for glioblastoma patients who have low rates of survival despite optimal therapies. Additionally, there are unique considerations for primary brain tumor patients given the need for management of headaches, seizures, and focal neurological deficits. METHODS We conducted a survey of 109 physicians in Sub-Saharan Africa in order to determine level of understanding and skill in providing palliative care, types of palliative care therapies provided, role of cultural beliefs, availability of resources, and challenges faced. Demographic data including age, gender, and prior training was collected and analyzed using ANOVA statistical testing. RESULTS Among the participants, 48% felt comfortable in providing palliative care consultations, 62% have not had prior training, 52% believed that palliative care is only appropriate when there is irreversible deterioration, 62% expressed having access to palliative care, 49% do not have access to liquid opioid agents, 50% stated that cultural beliefs held by the patient or family prevented them from receiving, palliative care, and 23% stated that their own beliefs affected palliative care delivery. Older providers (age > 30) had a clearer understanding of palliative care (p = 0.004), were more comfortable providing consultation (p = 0.052), and were more likely to address mental health (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Palliative care delivery to glioblastoma patients in Sub-Saharan Africa is often delayed until late in the disease course. Barriers to adequate palliative care treatment identified in this survey study include lack of training, limited access to liquid opioid agents, and cultural beliefs. Challenges most often identified by participants were pain management and end-of-life communication skills, but also included patient spirituality and psychological support, anxiety and depression, terminal dyspnea, ethics, and intravenous hydration and non-oral feeding.

scholarly journals Early oral feeding is safe and useful after rectosigmoid resection with anastomosis during cytoreductive surgery for primary ovarian cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyoshi Kato ◽  
Kohei Omatsu ◽  
Sanshiro Okamoto ◽  
Maki Matoda ◽  
Hidetaka Nomura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Anastomotic Leakage ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Postoperative Hospital Stay ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Early Oral Feeding ◽  
Rectosigmoid Resection ◽  
Primary Ovarian Cancer

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and clinical usefulness of early oral feeding (EOF) after rectosigmoid resection with anastomosis for the treatment of primary ovarian cancer. Methods We performed a retrospective review of all consecutive patients who had undergone rectosigmoid resection with anastomosis for primary ovarian, tubal, or peritoneal cancer between April 2012 and March 2019 in a single institution. Patient-related, disease-related, and surgery-related data including the incidence of anastomotic leakage and postoperative hospital stay were collected. EOF was introduced as a postoperative oral feeding protocol in September 2016. Before the introduction of EOF, conventional oral feeding (COF) had been used. Results Two hundred and one patients who underwent rectosigmoid resection with anastomosis, comprised of 95 patients in the COF group and 106 patients in the EOF group, were included in this study. The median number of postoperative days until the start of diet intake was 5 (range 2–8) in the COF group and 2 (range 2–8) in the EOF group (P < 0.001). Postoperative morbidity was equivalent between the groups. The incidence of anastomotic leakage was similar (1%) in both groups. The median length of the postoperative hospital stay was reduced by 6 days for the EOF group: 17 (range 9–67) days for the COF group versus 11 (8–49) days for the EOF group (P < 0.001). Conclusion EOF provides a significant reduction in the length of the postoperative hospital stay without an increased complication risk after rectosigmoid resection with anastomosis as a part of cytoreductive surgery for primary ovarian cancer.

scholarly journals MiR-4448 is involved in deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31 in Culex pipiens pallens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xixi Li ◽  
Shengli Hu ◽  
Haitao Yin ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Dan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Pipiens ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Culex Pipiens Pallens ◽  
Deltamethrin Resistance ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Pipiens Pallens

Abstract Background Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) complex, which acts as a vector of viruses and is widespread and abundant worldwide, including West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Sindbis virus, can cause serious vector-borne diseases affecting human health. Unfortunately, mosquitoes have developed deltamethrin resistance because of its long-term overuse, representing a major challenge to mosquito control. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of resistance is vital to control mosquitoes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that have been demonstrated to be important regulators of gene expression across a wide variety of organisms, which might function in mosquito deltamethrin resistance. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the regulatory functions of miR-4448 and CYP4H31 in the formation of insecticidal resistance in mosquito Culex pipiens pallens. Methods We used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR to measure miR-4448 and CYP4H31 (encoding a cytochrome P450) expression levels. The regulatory functions of miR-4448 and CYP4H31 were assessed using dual-luciferase reporter assays. Then, oral feeding, RNA interference, and the American Centers for Disease Control and Prevention bottle bioassay were used to determine miR-4448’s association with deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31in vivo. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) was also used to detect the viability of pIB/V5-His-CYP4H31-transfected C6/36 cells after deltamethrin treatment in vitro. Results MiR-4448 was downregulated in the deltamethrin-resistant strain (DR strain), whereas CYP4H31 was downregulated in deltamethrin-susceptible strain. CYP4H31 expression was downregulated by miR-4448 recognizing and binding to its 3′ untranslated region. Functional verification experiments showed that miR-4448 overexpression resulted in lower expression of CYP4H31. The mortality of miR-4448 mimic-injected DR strain mosquitoes was higher than that of the controls. CCK-8 assays showed that CYP4H31 decreased cellular resistance to deltamethrin in vitro and the mortality of the DR strain increased when CYP4H31 was knocked down in vivo. Conclusions In mosquitoes, miR-4448 participates in deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31. The results of the present study increase our understanding of deltamethrin resistance mechanisms.

scholarly journals Parenteral Nutrition and Oxidant Load in Neonates

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Kandeepan Karthigesu ◽  
Robert F. Bertolo ◽  
Robert J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Short Term Survival

Neonates with preterm, gastrointestinal dysfunction and very low birth weights are often intolerant to oral feeding. In such infants, the provision of nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) becomes necessary for short-term survival, as well as long-term health. However, the elemental nutrients in PN can be a major source of oxidants due to interactions between nutrients, imbalances of anti- and pro-oxidants, and environmental conditions. Moreover, neonates fed PN are at greater risk of oxidative stress, not only from dietary sources, but also because of immature antioxidant defences. Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. This narrative review of published data provides insight to oxidant molecules generated in PN, nutrient sources of oxidants, and measures to minimize oxidant levels.

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