Economic Incentives and Agricultural Drainage Problems: The Role of Water Transfers

1991 ◽  
pp. 803-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Colby
Keyword(s):  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Agricultural Drainage ◽  
Water Transfers

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Tir ◽  
Johannes Karreth
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Intergovernmental Organizations ◽  
State Fragility ◽  
International Environment

After summarizing the theoretical arguments and findings of this book, we discuss key lessons learned from our study. The international environment has a significant influence on civil war development and prevention. Amplifying their conflict-preventing influence on member-states, highly structured intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) often coordinate their activities, especially in the area of political violence and state fragility. We then identify a number of tangible, economic incentives as the main pathways of this influence. Overall, this book suggests that the economic benefits of peace provide a potent temptation—for both governments and rebels—to settle low-level armed conflict before it can escalate to full-scale civil war. With these lessons learned, we also identify suggestions for both the research into and practice of conflict management. The chapter closes by pointing to opportunities for making use of our findings to further capitalize on the role of highly structured IGOs in civil war prevention.

Career Guidance: Living on the Edge of Public Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John McCarthy ◽  
Tibor Bors Borbély-Pecze
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Career Guidance ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
National Level ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
Education And Employment

Public policy formation and implementation for career guidance provision are complex issues, not least because in most countries career guidance is a peripheral part of legislation for education, employment, and social inclusion. Policy solutions are compromises by nature. Regulations and economic incentives are the main policy instruments for career guidance provision, but there is often incoherence between the intentions of the regulations and the economic incentives provided for policy implementation. The intermediary organizations that serve to implement policy add significant variability to policy effects. International bodies and organizations have shown significant interest in the role of career guidance in education and employment policies through the undertaking of policy reviews, the formulation of recommendations for career guidance, and, in some cases, providing economic incentives to support their implementation. However, there is a dearth of evaluation studies of policy formation and implementation at the national level.

Economic Actors' Lobbying Influence on the Prospects for War and Peace

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 863-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government

AbstractPolitical scientists and economists have long been interested in the role of special interests in the policymaking process. In the past few years, a series of important new books have argued forcefully that the lobbying activities of economic actors have an important influence on the prospects for war and peace. All of these analyses claim that whether economic actors enhance or decrease the likelihood of conflict ultimately depends on the domestic political balance between economic actors who have a strong vested interest in pushing for peace versus those that do not. I advance two contrary arguments. At least among the advanced states, I posit there are no longer any economic actors who will be favorable toward war and who will lobby the government with this preference. All of the identified mechanisms that previously contributed to such lobbying in these states have been swept away with the end of colonialism and the rise of economic globalization. In particular, I show that the current structure of the global economy now makes it feasible for foreign direct investment to serve as an effective substitute for conquest in a way that was not possible in previous eras. My second argument concerns those economic actors in advanced states with a preference for peace. I posit that it has become unnecessary for them to directly lobby the government to avoid war on economic grounds because economic globalization—the accumulation of decisions by economic actors throughout the globe—now has sufficiently clear economic incentives for leaders.

A critical review and re-assessment of theories of smallholder decision-making: a case of conservation agriculture households, Zambia

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Bwalya Umar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Uncertain Environments

AbstractDifferent theories have been posited that try to explain the decision-making process of smallholders especially regarding the adoption of new technologies or new agricultural techniques. The objective of this paper is to review and re-assess the dominant household production theories to explain the decision making of smallholders practicing conservation agriculture (CA) in the southern, eastern, and central provinces of Zambia. It also discusses the potential role of CA toward economic development. It finds that the CA smallholders studied did not aim to maximize profits but tried to secure household consumption from their own production before any other considerations in risky and uncertain environments. Their response to economic incentives was contingent on minimizing risks associated with securing a minimum level of livelihood and investing into local forms of insurance. This paper concludes that the ability for CA to contribute to rural livelihoods and economic development would depend on how adequately the factors that hinder smallholder agricultural development in general are addressed.

scholarly journals The role of liability, regulation and economic incentives in brownfield remediation and redevelopment: evidence from surveys of developers

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Alberini ◽  
Alberto Longo ◽  
Stefania Tonin ◽  
Francesco Trombetta ◽  
Margherita Turvani
Keyword(s):  
Economic Incentives

Entrepreneurial mindset and the role of universities as strategic drivers of entrepreneurship

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauzia Jabeen ◽  
Mohd. Nishat Faisal ◽  
Marios I. Katsioloudes
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Entrepreneurial Success ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Employment Choice ◽  
Strategic Factors ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the factors that influence the mindset of youth in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) in choosing entrepreneurship as their future employment. It also suggests the pathway to improve the role of the universities as strategic drivers in inducing an entrepreneurial mindset. Design/methodology/approach An exhaustive literature review of extant research followed by an exploratory study was conducted. Furthermore, to understand factors influencing the role of universities, interpretive structural modelling methodology is applied to evolve a hierarchy-based relationship among the strategic factors. Findings The results of empirical research suggest that young people in the UAE rank entrepreneurship as their first employment choice. However, most of them have not attended any formal entrepreneurship-related course in school or in college. The study also suggests that individual and environmental factors influence the entrepreneurial mindset of both males and females in the UAE. The structural model developed in the study indicates that to give an impetus to the entrepreneurial mindset, the government must create a supporting environment with UAE universities playing the role of a catalyst. Practical implications Professional entrepreneurship instruction is seen as a strategic tool to stimulate financial and societal growth. The results could provide insights for both entrepreneurship educators and policymakers and will boost their commitment to promote the entrepreneurial mindset within UAE society by enhancing and developing traits associated with entrepreneurial success. The results support recognition of the factors that induce educational programmes and economic incentives targeted at the development of sustainable entrepreneurial culture and ventures in the UAE. Originality/value The study is an effort to highlight the role of higher education in envisaging and cultivating entrepreneurs in a fast-growing developing country through a survey and a hierarchy-based model.

scholarly journals Readiness of agricultural workers to develop new competencies and change the employment model in the conditions of digitalization

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 06003
Author(s):  
Olga V. Zabelina ◽  
Farida I. Mirzabalaeva ◽  
Larisa V. Sankova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Readiness To Change ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Readiness To Learn

The relevance of the research is caused by the expansion of agrarian employment digital transformation. The purpose of the article is to study the readiness of agricultural workers to the digital challenges of modern times and the new model of employment. The article analyzes the expectations of agricultural workers regarding the risks of digitalization, changes in the form of employment and labor functions, change of occupation and place of residence. The critical role of the human factor in the transition to a new employment model caused by digitalization is taken as a hypothesis of the study. Underestimation of labor settings of employees lead to slowing development of agro-industrial complex. The hypothesis was tested when surveying agrarian workers. According to the survey, the level of readiness to change the employment model is more likely to be average. The most “problematic” component was readiness to learn, get a new profession. In order to increase the propensity of agricultural workers to digital employment, it is necessary to improve the system of labor management and economic incentives to develop digital competencies. The results can be used to assess the readiness and opportunity of agricultural workers to work in new conditions, manage changes in employment in the agricultural sector of the Russian economy.

scholarly journals Religion, Division of Labor, and Conflict: Anti-Semitism in Germany over 600 Years

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 1764-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sascha O. Becker ◽  
Luigi Pascali
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Protestant Reformation ◽  
Pronounced Change ◽  
Specific Advantage ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Anti Jewish

We study the role of economic incentives in shaping the coexistence of Jews, Catholics, and Protestants, using novel data from Germany for 1,000+ cities. The Catholic usury ban and higher literacy rates gave Jews a specific advantage in the moneylending sector. Following the Protestant Reformation (1517), the Jews lost these advantages in regions that became Protestant. We show (i) a change in the geography of anti-Semitism with persecutions of Jews and anti-Jewish publications becoming more common in Protestant areas relative to Catholic areas; (ii) a more pronounced change in cities where Jews had already established themselves as moneylenders. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that, following the Protestant Reformation, Jews living in Protestant regions were exposed to competition with the Christian majority, especially in moneylending, leading to an increase in anti-Semitism. (JEL D74, J15, N33, N43, N93)

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