New Experimental Results on Muon Catalyzed Fusion in Low Density Deuterium-Tritium Gas

1985 ◽  
pp. 449-457
Author(s):  
W. H. Breunlich ◽  
M. Cargnelli ◽  
P. Kammel ◽  
J. Marton ◽  
P. Pawlek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Results ◽  
Muon Catalyzed Fusion ◽  
Low Density

Enhancing Groundwater Recharge with Sand Ditches

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-549
Author(s):  
Majed M Abu-Zreig ◽  
Haruyuki Fujimaki ◽  
Mohamed Abdel Baset
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Relative Effect ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Deep Percolation ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Water Percolation

Abstract. Localized and artificial groundwater recharge is an important water management strategy in arid regions. However, artificial recharge is limited by the hydraulic characteristics of surface soil which control downward water percolation to the aquifers. In heavy soils with low infiltration and hydraulic conductivity rate, water percolation can be enhanced by constructing deep ditches filled with highly permeable materials, such as sand. Laboratory experiments were conducted to examine the effect of constructing a deep sand ditch across the slope of a soil box (50 × 20 × 25 cm3) on runoff and deep percolation to the drainage outlet of the soil box. A sandy loam soil packed in two bulk densities (1200 and 1500 kg/m3) was used for the experiments. The experiments were carried out using simulated steady runoff of about 300 mL/min for a duration of 60 min. Experimental results showed that sand ditches greatly enhanced water deep percolation in soils but their relative effect was more profound in compacted high-density soil compared to soil having low-density. The drainage water collected from compacted soil boxes in the presence of sand ditches increased by 10 times compared to control soil without sand ditches. In the case of low-density soil, the presence of sand ditches eliminated the runoff but the increase in drainage water was about 18% compared to control. The experimental results clearly revealed that creating high infiltration zones within the soil matrix, such as sand ditches, significantly increased water deep percolation and herewith groundwater recharge in drylands, especially in heavy soils. Keywords: Arid regions, Groundwater recharge, Percolation, Rapid infiltration.

scholarly journals Investigation of Low Density Supersonic Jets by Means of a Molecular Beam Sampling Technique

1969 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 1365-1373
Author(s):  
W. Eckelt ◽  
H. Hose ◽  
K. Schügerl
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Vacuum Chamber ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Flow Theory ◽  
Supersonic Jets ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Intermolecular Potentials ◽  
Supersonic Molecular Beam ◽  
Source Flow

The performace of a supersonic molecular beam equipment is described. Velocity distributions of the particles in low density supersonic jets consisting of Helium, Argon, Methane and/or Ethane were measured by means of a molecular beam sampling technique and a multi-disc velocity analyser. The jets were produced by expanding the gas from an oven with stagnation pressures of 5 to 5000 torr and temperatures of 293 to 950 °K across different converging nozzles into a vacuum chamber. The Mach numbers as functions of the source Knudsen numbers were calculated using the source flow theory of Sherman and the hypersonic approximation for the translational nonequilibrium of Hamel-Willis and Edwards-Cheng. These calculations were carried out for different intermolecular potentials. The values obtained using this theory are compared with the experimental results.

scholarly journals Modeling and Experimental Results of Selected Lightweight Complex Concentrated Alloys, before and after Heat Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4330
Author(s):  
Dumitru Mitrica ◽  
Ioana Cristina Badea ◽  
Mihai Tudor Olaru ◽  
Beatrice Adriana Serban ◽  
Denisa Vonica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Solution ◽  
Phase Distribution ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Solid Solution Formation ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Solution Formation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Alloy Systems

Lightweight complex concentrated alloys (LWCCA), composed of elements with low density, have become a great area of interest due to the high demand in a large number of applications. Previous research on LWCCAs was focused on high entropy multicomponent alloy systems that provide low density and high capability of solid solution formation. Present research introduces two alloy systems (Al-Cu-Si-Zn-Mg and Al-Mn-Zn-Mg-Si) that contain readily available and inexpensive starting materials and have potential for solid solution formation structures. For the selection of appropriate compositions, authors applied semi-empirical criteria and optimization software. Specialized modeling software (MatCalc) was used to determine probable alloy structures by CALPHAD, non-equilibrium solidification and kinetic simulations. The selected alloys were prepared in an induction furnace. Specimens were heat treated to provide stable structures. Physicochemical, microstructural, and mechanical characterization was performed for the selected alloy compositions. Modeling and experimental results indicated solid solution-based structures in the as-cast and heat-treated samples. Several intermetallic phases were present at higher concentrations than in the conventional alloys. Alloys presented a brittle structure with compression strength of 486–618 MPa and hardness of 268–283 HV. The potential for uniform intermetallic phase distribution in the selected alloys makes them good candidates for applications were low weight and high resistance is required.

A breakup of a droplet falling into a miscible solution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko shimokawa ◽  
Hidetsugu Sakaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Simple Model ◽  
Probability Distribution ◽  
Vortex Ring ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Mode Number ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Rayleigh Taylor Instability

<p>When a droplet with a relatively high density falls into a miscible solution with a relatively low density, the droplet breaks up spontaneously. We investigated the number <em>m</em> of breakup in experiments with several density differences Δρ between two solutions, viscosities μ, and droplet radii <em>r</em>. The mode number <em>m</em> has a distribution even under the same experimental conditions. We propose a simple model of mode selection based on the linear Rayleigh-Taylor instability and the growing radius of a vortex ring deformed from the droplet. The model provides the probability distribution <em>P</em>(<em>m</em>) and a relationship between the nondimensional parameter <em>G </em>∝ Δρ<em>gr</em><sup>3</sup>/μ<sup>2</sup> and the average value of <em>m</em>, which are consistent with experimental results.</p>

Elastic Polyether Polyurethane Foams Under Punching: Experiments, Theory and Simulations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tapan Sabuwala ◽  
Xiangyu Dai ◽  
Gustavo Gioia
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mean Field Model ◽  
Good Accord ◽  
A Cell

We carry out punching experiments on low-density elastic polyether polyurethane (EPP) foams. The punch is rigid and wedge-shaped, and the specimens are either cubic or brick-shaped. The experimental results display some striking features, most notably a mechanical response that remains linear up to a penetration of the punch of about 40% of the height of the specimen. At higher penetrations, the mechanical response turns abruptly nonlinear: for the cubic specimens, there is a momentary loss of stiffness; for the brick-shaped specimens, there is a sizable increase in stiffness. We formulate a simple theoretical model of the punching of low-density EPP foams. In this model, a cell of the microstruture of an EPP foam behaves as a bistable elastic structure under compression, so that there are two preferred values of strain corresponding to two configurational phases of the foam. We use the model to explain the most salient experimental observations. We also formulate a micromechanical, mean-field model of EPP foams, implement the model in a general-purpose finite element code, and carry out computational simulations of the punching experiments. The computational results are in good accord with the experimental results, and they allow us to verify some of the assumptions on which the theoretical model is predicated.

Experimental Study of Muon-Catalyzed Fusion in Low-Density Deuterium-Tritium Gas

1984 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
pp. 1137-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Breunlich ◽  
M. Cargnelli ◽  
P. Kammel ◽  
J. Marton ◽  
P. Pawlek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Muon Catalyzed Fusion ◽  
Low Density

KINETICS OF MUON CATALYZED FUSION IN D/T/H MIXTURE CONSIDERING MUON TRANSFER FROM HYDROGEN ISOTOPES TO HELIUM ISOTOPES

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 525-539
Author(s):  
A. HATEF ◽  
S. N. HOSEINI MOTLAGH ◽  
H. NIAD
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Isotopes ◽  
Energy Gain ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Muon Catalyzed Fusion ◽  
Helium Isotopes ◽  
Cycling Rate ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Muon Transfer ◽  
Kinetics Of

In this paper the kinetics of Muon Catalyzed Fusion (μCF) in H/D/T mixture, considering the muon transfer from hydrogen isotopes (p,d,t) to helium isotopes (3 He , 4 He ) in the range of temperatures of 300 K < T < 1300 K at the density of Φ = 1 LHD, is presented. Calculation of cycling rate in different branches of fusion such as dtμ, ptμ, pdμ, ddμ, ttμ and energy gain showed that in certain physical conditions, the H/D/T mixture is comparable to D/T one. Finally the results of this research are compared with the experimental results reported by other researchers; and good agreements were found.

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