Modification of the Arachidonic Acid Cascade by Long-Chain W-3 Fatty Acids

1989 ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter C. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Cascade ◽  
Long Chain

scholarly journals Essential Fatty Acids in the Fetal and Newborn Lamb

1985 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rajion ◽  
JG McLean ◽  
R NP Cahill
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Status ◽  
Newborn Lamb ◽  
Acid Ratio ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Long Chain

The concentrations of linoleic and linolenic acids and their metabolites in the liver, kidney, brain, erythrocytes and plasma of fetal lambs at various stages of gestation, and of newborn and 2-week-01d suckled lambs was determined. Throughout gestation the fetal tissues, erythrocytes and plasma all contained low levels of linoleic and linolenic acids together with consistently high levels of their long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites. The triene : tetraene (eicosa-5,8, 11-trienoic acid/arachidonic acid) ratio was always 0 . 4 or less except at birth when it reached 0 . 6 in liver and 0 . 9 in plasma. Milk intake significantly increased the linoleic and linolenic acid levels in the lamb by 2 weeks after birth. These results show that the developing fetal lamb should not be regarded as being deficient in essential fatty acids, as suggested by previous investigators. It is proposed that the total metabolites of linoleic and linolenic acids are the most appropriate measure of the essential fatty acid status of the fetal lamb.

scholarly journals Identification of Genetic Loci Associated with Plasma Long-chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Hispanic Children (P08-129-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixue Hou ◽  
Shelley Cole ◽  
Karin Haack ◽  
Sandra Laston ◽  
Nitesh Mehta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Chromosome 11 ◽  
Hispanic Children ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Objectives Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) are critical to the functioning of cell membranes as important constituents of phospholipids. They also serve as precursors for prostaglandins, leukotrienes and thromboxanes which affect metabolic processes such as vasodilation, inflammation and cell proliferation. The objective of this study was to identify genes that influence the plasma levels of LC-PUFAs in Hispanic children of the Viva La Familia study. Methods Plasma levels of LC-PUFAs, including eicosapentanoic acid (EPA, 20:5, n-3), docosahexanoic acid (DHA, 22:6, n-3), docosapentanoic acid (DPA, 22:5, n-3), arachidonic acid (20: 4 n-6) and docosapentanoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-6), were measured as part of metabolomics profiling. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) (array and exome sequence) association analysis (GWAS) were conducted using additive genetic models adjusting for kinships. Results GWAS identified several loci on chromosome 11 with significant evidence of association with LC-PUFAs. These include association of EPA and arachidonic acid with rs174548, rs174545, rs174546, rs174550, 1rs74538 of fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1), rs1535, rs174577, rs174568, 174570, 2072114, 2727270 of FADS2, rs174538 of flap structure-specific endonuclease 1 (FEN1), rs174535, rs174528, rs198462, rs174532, rs149803 and rs198464 of myelin regulatory factor (MYRF) and rs102275 and rs102274 of transmembrane protein 258 (TMEM258) (P < 10−12, MAF 5–45%). Other LC-PUFAs showed suggestive evidence of association with the same SNPs. Except for FADS2 SNPs, carriers of minor alleles of all other identified SNPs had lower levels of EPA and arachidonic acid with effect sizes ranging from 5–10%. The analysis of exome variants revealed significant association of EPA with two novel SNPs in syphingomyelin synthase 2 (SGMS2) (P = 1.6 × 10−8) and synaptotagmin 7 (SYT7) (<3 × 10−15, MAF 1.5–33%). The same two loci were associated with arachidonic acid (<6 × 10−9). No significant or suggestive associations were found for other LC-PUFAs. Conclusions In summary, our genome-wide and exome sequencing results replicated the association of EPA and arachidonic acid with FADS and TMEM258 genes and identified novel loci related to neuronal signaling mainly in MYRF, SGMS2 and SYT7. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health (NIH) [DK080457], and the USDA/ARS [Cooperative Agreement 6250-51000-053].

scholarly journals Modulation of voltage-dependent Ca channel current by arachidonic acid and other long-chain fatty acids in rabbit intestinal smooth muscle.

1992 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Shimada ◽  
A P Somlyo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Ca Channel ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Channel Current ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Voltage Dependent ◽  
Ca Channel Current ◽  
Long Chain

The effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and other long-chain fatty acids on voltage-dependent Ca channel current (ICa) were investigated, with the whole cell patch clamp method, in longitudinal smooth muscle cells of rabbit ileum. 10-30 microM AA caused a gradual depression of ICa. The inhibitory effect of AA was not prevented by indomethacin (10 microM) (an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase) or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (10 microM) (an inhibitor of lipoxygenase). 1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H7; 25-50 microM) or staurosporine (2 microM) (inhibitors of protein kinase C) did not block the AA-induced inhibition of ICa, and application of phorbol ester (a protein kinase C activator) (phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate, 0.2 microM) did not mimic the AA action. Some other cis-unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic, linoleic, and oleic acids) were also found to depress ICa, while a trans-unsaturated fatty acid (linolelaidic acid) and saturated fatty acids (capric, lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids) had no inhibitory effects on ICa. Myristic acid consistently increased the amplitude of ICa at negative membrane potentials. The present results suggest the possible role of AA, and perhaps other fatty acids, in the physiological and/or pathological modulation of ICa in smooth muscle.

scholarly journals Arachidonic Acid in Human Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Salem ◽  
Peter Van Dael
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Lipid ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Long Chain

Breastfeeding is universally recommended as the optimal choice of infant feeding and consequently human milk has been extensively investigated to unravel its unique nutrient profile. The human milk lipid composition is unique and supplies specifically long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs), in particular, arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n–6) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n–3). Arachidonic acid (ARA) is the most predominant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid in human milk, albeit at low concentrations as compared to other fatty acids. It occurs predominantly in the triglyceride form and to a lesser extent as milk fat globule membrane phospholipids. Human milk ARA levels are modulated by dietary intake as demonstrated by animal and human studies and consequently vary dependent on dietary habits among mothers and regions across the globe. ARA serves as a precursor to eicosanoids and endocannabinoids that also occur in human milk. A review of scientific and clinical studies reveals that ARA plays an important role in physiological development and its related functions during early life nutrition. Therefore, ARA is an important nutrient during infancy and childhood and, as such, appropriate attention is required regarding its nutritional status and presence in the infant diet. Data are emerging indicating considerable genetic variation in encoding for desaturases and other essential fatty acid metabolic enzymes that may influence the ARA level as well as other LC-PUFAs. Human milk from well-nourished mothers has adequate levels of both ARA and DHA to support nutritional and developmental needs of infants. In case breastfeeding is not possible and infant formula is being fed, experts recommend that both ARA and DHA are added at levels present in human milk.

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