Cellular Growth, Development, and Defensive Response

2004 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Yan Huang ◽  
Guangliang Pan ◽  
Svein Øie ◽  
D. Robert Lu
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Defensive Response ◽  
Growth Development

scholarly journals Autophagy Related Gene (ATG3) is a Key Regulator for Cell Growth, Development, and Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid ◽  
Lv ◽  
Naeem ◽  
Mehmood ◽  
Shaheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Genome Database ◽  
Growth Development

Fusarium oxysporum is the most important pathogen of potatoes which causes post-harvest destructive losses and deteriorates the market value of potato tubers worldwide. Here, F. oxysporum was used as a host pathogen model system and it was revealed that autophagy plays a vital role as a regulator in the morphology, cellular growth, development, as well as the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum. Previous studies based upon identification of the gene responsible for encoding the autophagy pathway components from F. oxysporum have shown putative orthologs of 16 core autophagy related-ATG genes of yeast in the genome database which were autophagy-related and comprised of ubiquitin-like protein atg3. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of the autophagy-related gene Foatg3 in F. oxysporum. A deletion (∆) mutants of F. oxysporum (Foatg3∆) was generated to evaluate nuclear dynamics. As compared to wild type and Foatg3 overexpression (OE) strains, Foatg3∆ strains failed to show positive MDC (monodansylcadaverine) staining which revealed that Foatg3 is compulsory for autophagy in F. oxysporum. A significant reduction in conidiation and hyphal growth was shown by the Foatg3∆ strains resulting in loss of virulence on potato tubers. The hyphae of Foatg3∆ mutants contained two or more nuclei within one hyphal compartment while wild type hyphae were composed of uninucleate hyphal compartments. Our findings reveal that the vital significance of Foatg3 as a key target in controlling the dry rot disease in root crops and potato tubers at the postharvest stage has immense potential of disease control and yield enhancement.

Comparative Proteomics Reveals a Role for Seed Storage Protein AmA1 in Cellular Growth, Development, and Nutrient Accumulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4904-4930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Agrawal ◽  
Kanika Narula ◽  
Swaraj Basu ◽  
Shubhendu Shekhar ◽  
Sudip Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Comparative Proteomics ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Growth Development

Zinc and gene expression

1981 ◽  
Vol 294 (1071) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Rna Polymerases ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Development And Differentiation ◽  
Growth Development

During the last two decades, zinc has been shown to be a functionally essential component of more than 120 enzymes and concurrently has been recognized as indispensible to normal cellular growth, development and differentiation of all species. However, the manner in which it exerts its effects are still unknown. Studies of the phytid E. gracilis have demonstrated that zinc is critical for transcription and translation, affecting the metabolism of RNA polymerases, mRNA and proteins, among which are histones and arginine-containing peptides. These and other data lead to the suggestion that this element has a fundamental role in gene activation and/or repression, accounting for its pervasive effects on cell metabolism.

Cardiac myocytes cultured on a basement membrane extract of the ehs tumor

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 270-271
Author(s):  
L. Terracio ◽  
A. Dewey ◽  
K. Rubin ◽  
T.K. Borg
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Cardiac Myocytes ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Collagen Iv ◽  
Basement Membrane Extract ◽  
Membrane Extract ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Multicellular Organisms

The recognition and interaction of cells with the extracellular matrix (ECM) effects the normal physiology as well as the pathology of all multicellular organisms. These interactions have been shown to influence the growth, development, and maintenance of normal tissue function. In previous studies, we have shown that neonatal cardiac myocytes specifically interacts with a variety of ECM components including fibronectin, laminin, and collagens I, III and IV. Culturing neonatal myocytes on laminin and collagen IV induces an increased rate of both cell spreading and sarcomerogenesis.

Safety, growth, development and non-specific resistance increasing of calves with help of modern immunomodulatory preparations

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Sanin ◽  
◽  
Svetlana V. Savoyskaya ◽  
Valentina Yu. Sanina ◽  
Olga Yu. Sosnovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Growth Development

Enzymic Correlates of Development, Secretory Function and Regression of Follicles and Corpora Lutea in the Bovine Ovary. PART II: Formation, Development and Involution of Corpora Lutea

1968 ◽  
Vol 59 (2_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S35-S51 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Lobel ◽  
E. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Steroid Synthesis ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Vascular Walls

ABSTRACT Activities of various hydrolases and dehydrogenases were studied during the formation, development and involution of cyclic corpora lutea and in the corpora lutea of early pregnancy. At 24 hours postovulation the luteal cells, whether of granulosal or thecal origin, contained demonstrable levels of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the NADP and NADPH2 diaphorases. During the period of proliferation and cellular growth, enzymic activities in the luteal cells were moderate at first, and then increased. In the mature corpus luteum, activities of the dehydrogenases occurred in all luteal cells but were most intense in the large polymorphic luteal cells. Activities of hydrolytic enzymes, low in the immediate postovulatory period, increased with the development of the vascular system. Enzymic characteristics of corpora lutea of gestation were similar to those of cyclic corpora, except for phosphorylase activity which was observed in luteal cells in gestational corpora, but confined to the vascular walls in cyclic corpora. No increase in activities of 17β- and 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (above those seen in pre-ovulatory follicles) were observed after incubation of sections of either mature cyclic or gestational corpora. Involution of cyclic corpora lutea began with degenerative changes in the blood vessels: pyknosis of the endothelial cell nuclei and a sudden decline in activities of hydrolytic enzymes in the vascular walls. Subsequently, the luteal cells showed a sharp decrease in activities of the dehydrogenases as well as other signs of regressive change. The cytochemical findings are discussed in relation to biochemical observations on steroid synthesis by the bovine corpus luteum.

CARP Plays a Key Role in Cellular Growth Under Hypertrophic Stimuli in Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tara A Shrout
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Rat Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
Over Time

Cardiac hypertrophy is a growth process that occurs in response to stress stimuli or injury, and leads to the induction of several pathways to alter gene expression. Under hypertrophic stimuli, sarcomeric structure is disrupted, both as a consequence of gene expression and local changes in sarcomeric proteins. Cardiac-restricted ankyrin repeat protein (CARP) is one such protein that function both in cardiac sarcomeres and at the transcriptional level. We postulate that due to this dual nature, CARP plays a key role in maintaining the cardiac sarcomere. GATA4 is another protein detected in cardiomyocytes as important in hypertrophy, as it is activated by hypertrophic stimuli, and directly binds to DNA to alter gene expression. Results of GATA4 activation over time were inconclusive; however, the role of CARP in mediating hypertrophic growth in cardiomyocytes was clearly demonstrated. In this study, Neonatal Rat Ventricular Myocytes were used as a model to detect changes over time in CARP and GATA4 under hypertrophic stimulation by phenylephrine and high serum media. Results were detected by analysis of immunoblotting. The specific role that CARP plays in mediating cellular growth under hypertrophic stimuli was studied through immunofluorescence, which demonstrated that cardiomyocyte growth with hypertrophic stimulation was significantly blunted when NRVMs were co-treated with CARP siRNA. These data suggest that CARP plays an important role in the hypertrophic response in cardiomyocytes.

The effect of magnetic water on the growth, development and yielding of faba bean

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Podleśny ◽  
Stanisław Pietruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Faba Bean ◽  
Growth Development ◽  
Magnetic Water

THE INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ON THE GROWTH DEVELOPMENT AND YIELD OF RE-SOWINGSUNFLOWER

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
Tadjidin Uraimov Tadjidin Uraimov ◽  
◽  
Matluba Yakhyokulova
Keyword(s):  
Biological Products ◽  
Growth Development

Empathy Does Not Amplify Vicarious Threat Learning

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Lane Williams ◽  
Christopher C Conway
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Defensive Response ◽  
Conditioned Stimuli ◽  
Defensive Reaction ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Conditioned Responses ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Stimulus Materials ◽  
Dispositional Empathy

Clinically significant fears and phobias can be acquired vicariously. Witnessing a demonstrator’s defensive reaction to potentially dangerous objects and situations can instill conditioned threat responses in the observer. The present study concentrates on individual differences in this social learning process. Specifically, we hypothesized that dispositional empathy modulates vicarious threat conditioning. We examined university students’ (N = 150) conditioned threat responding after they observed strangers undergo Pavlovian threat conditioning. There was evidence of a substantial conditioned defensive response (Cohen’s d = 0.66), as indexed by elevated skin conductance reactions during participants’ direct exposure to the vicariously conditioned stimuli. Contrary to expectations, indices of dispositional empathy were weakly related to the size of conditioned responses (median r = .04). Our results confirm that vicarious threat learning can be evaluated experimentally, but they do not support the hypothesis that empathy amplifies this process. The preregistration, stimulus materials, data, and analysis code for this study are available at https://osf.io/h6hm2.

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