Imaging Effects of Hypertension on the Brain: A Focus on New Imaging Modalities and Options

2010 ◽  
pp. 237-255
Author(s):  
Deborah M. Little ◽  
Evan Schulze ◽  
Nilay Shah ◽  
Shanele McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Functionalized Nanomaterials as Tailored Theranostic Agents in Brain Imaging

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ramar Thangam ◽  
Ramasamy Paulmurugan ◽  
Heemin Kang
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Contrast Imaging ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Metal Nanomaterials ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
Fluorescent Tags ◽  
Theranostic Applications ◽  
The Brain

Functionalized nanomaterials of various categories are essential for developing cancer nano-theranostics for brain diseases; however, some limitations exist in their effectiveness and clinical translation, such as toxicity, limited tumor penetration, and inability to cross blood–brain and blood-tumor barriers. Metal nanomaterials with functional fluorescent tags possess unique properties in improving their functional properties, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), superparamagnetism, and photo/bioluminescence, which facilitates imaging applications in addition to their deliveries. Moreover, these multifunctional nanomaterials could be synthesized through various chemical modifications on their physical surfaces via attaching targeting peptides, fluorophores, and quantum dots (QD), which could improve the application of these nanomaterials by facilitating theranostic modalities. In addition to their inherent CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), PAI (Photo-acoustic imaging), and X-ray contrast imaging, various multifunctional nanoparticles with imaging probes serve as brain-targeted imaging candidates in several imaging modalities. The primary criteria of these functional nanomaterials for translational application to the brain must be zero toxicity. Moreover, the beneficial aspects of nano-theranostics of nanoparticles are their multifunctional systems proportioned towards personalized disease management via comprising diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in a single biodegradable nanomaterial. This review highlights the emerging aspects of engineered nanomaterials to reach and deliver therapeutics to the brain and how to improve this by adopting the imaging modalities for theranostic applications.

Cat Brain Neuroanatomy using Cryosectioning, Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography Imaging Modalities

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities are invaluable for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. This study aimed to correlate the anatomical sectional data of the cats’ brain to the sections obtained by both MRI and CT examination. The present work was conducted on four cats, 1-4 years old, weighing about (2.5 to 3.5) kg admitted to the hospital with terminal diseases not related to the nervous system. The anatomical sections were taken at intervals of 5 mm, on different planes such as sagittal, frontal and transverse. The sections were obtained, following humane euthanasia, from frozen heads and identified according to the previous literatures. The images from both MRI and CT were compared with those of the gross anatomy sections and different structures were identified. To identify arterial distribution in the brain, one cat was injected with red latex through the common carotid artery, frozen, and sectioned. For vascular imaging, the same cat was examined by MRI after intravenous injection of contrast media. The descriptions of the brain anatomy from the MRI and CT images will act as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of different neurological diseases in cat. This will assist veterinarians and radiologists in the identification of various nervous lesions related to the brain.

ITVT-03. Use of Functional MRI and DTI for Surgical Planning of Maximal Extent of Resection of CNS Tumors - A Single Neurosurgical Center’s Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_6) ◽  
pp. vi228-vi228
Author(s):  
Fred Lam ◽  
Hanan Algethami ◽  
Kasper Ekkehard
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Functional Neuroimaging ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Extent Of Resection ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Brainstem Tumors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Diffusion Tensor Imaging Dti

Abstract Use of functional neuroimaging capabilities such as fMRI, DTI, MRP, MRS, AS-PET-CT, SPECT, and TMS as noninvasive tools to visualize intrinsic brain and spine morphology in relation to function have developed over the past 30 years. Amongst these imaging modalities, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is of particular interest since it follows the physiological coupling between neuronal electrical activity and metabolic structural (cellular) activity as it relates to tissue vascularity and perfusion states. As an adjunct to this modality, MRI-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) allows further detailed radiographic assessment of fiber tracts in the brain in relationship to the surgical lesion of interest. In addition, combination of other imaging modalities including MR perfusion and intraoperative tools such as neuronavigation and direct cortical stimulation can help guide the extent of maximal safe resection. Herein we present a case series from our neurosurgical institution of primary intra-axial, extra-axial, supratentorial, and brainstem tumors resected using fMRI and DTI for presurgical planning allowing for maximal safe extent of resection and outcomes.

Functional connectivity in the brain and human intelligence

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent J. Schmithorst
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Integration Theory ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Important Basis ◽  
The Brain

AbstractA parieto-frontal integration theory (P-FIT) model of human intelligence has been proposed based on a review of neuroimaging literature and lesion studies. The P-FIT model provides an important basis for future research. Future studies involving connectivity analyses and an integrative approach of imaging modalities using the P-FIT model should provide vastly increased understanding of the biological bases of intelligence.

scholarly journals Specifying the brain anatomy underlying temporo-parietal junction activations for theory of mind: A review using probabilistic atlases from different imaging modalities

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 4788-4805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Schurz ◽  
Matthias G. Tholen ◽  
Josef Perner ◽  
Rogier B. Mars ◽  
Jerome Sallet
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Region of Interest Issues: The Relationship between Structure and Function in the Brain

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A51-A56 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Mazziotta ◽  
Charles C. Pelizzari ◽  
George T. Chen ◽  
Fred L. Bookstein ◽  
Daniel Valentino
Keyword(s):  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Brain Anatomy ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Brain

The comparison of data sets from individual subjects between imaging modalities is necessary in order to evaluate the normal physiologic responses of the brain or the pathophysiological changes that accompany disease states. Similarly, it is critical to compare data between individuals both within and across imaging modalities. In a collaborative project with a number of university groups, we have developed a system that allows for the within-subject alignment and registration of three-dimensional data sets obtained from different modalities for the same individuals. These data make use of proposed criteria for the optimal solution to positron emission tomography image acquisition and analysis originally established through a series of international workshops. The analysis takes into account errors induced by image acquisition, registration, and alignment with regard to scaling, translation, and rotation. Using the principles of morphometrics and homologous landmarks, the between-subject warping of individual brain anatomy to match that of other individuals, groups or an idealized model can be obtained. Resultant information can provide averaged between-subject data for populations of normal individuals or patients with specific neurologic disorders. Such a system, provides the means by which to compare objectively quantitative data between individuals in a highly automated fashion.

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