Cat Brain Neuroanatomy using Cryosectioning, Magnetic Resonance and Computed Tomography Imaging Modalities

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities are invaluable for the diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases. This study aimed to correlate the anatomical sectional data of the cats’ brain to the sections obtained by both MRI and CT examination. The present work was conducted on four cats, 1-4 years old, weighing about (2.5 to 3.5) kg admitted to the hospital with terminal diseases not related to the nervous system. The anatomical sections were taken at intervals of 5 mm, on different planes such as sagittal, frontal and transverse. The sections were obtained, following humane euthanasia, from frozen heads and identified according to the previous literatures. The images from both MRI and CT were compared with those of the gross anatomy sections and different structures were identified. To identify arterial distribution in the brain, one cat was injected with red latex through the common carotid artery, frozen, and sectioned. For vascular imaging, the same cat was examined by MRI after intravenous injection of contrast media. The descriptions of the brain anatomy from the MRI and CT images will act as a basis for the diagnosis and treatment of different neurological diseases in cat. This will assist veterinarians and radiologists in the identification of various nervous lesions related to the brain.

Extrahepatic alveolar echinococcus on multi-slice computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89101-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Hui Guo ◽

Wenya Liu ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Yan Xing

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Common Features ◽

Mri Features ◽

The Brain ◽

Severe Health Problem

AbstractAlveolar echinococcus (AE) is a severe health problem in endemic areas. In recent years, the incidence of this disease in China has been increasing. The study was designed to illustrate the multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of extrahepatic AE. A cohort of 33 patients who suffered from extrahepatic AE was enrolled consecutively from January 2012 to December 2017. The MSCT and MRI features of extrahepatic AE were recorded and analyzed by experienced radiologists. All cases secondary to hepatic AE, except two primary extrahepatic AE, were found in this study. Locations of extrahepatic AE included 19 (57.6%) lung, 10 (30.3%) adrenal gland, 9 (27.3%) brain, 5 (15.2%) peritoneal cavity, 5 (15.2%) spleen, 4 (12.1%) diaphragm, 3 (9.1%) kidney, 3 (9.1%) retroperitoneal, and 2 (6.1%) vertebra; Involvement of 1 (3.0%) heart, 1 (3.0%) mediastinum, 1 (3.0%) muscle, and 1 (3.0%) pancreas was rare. AE of the lung usually appeared as irregular and scattered nodules with small vacuoles or cavities inside and peripheral distribution. Multiple cerebral nodules with calcification and surrounding edema were the most common features seen in brain AE. Adrenal gland AE presented as plaques containing different sizes of hypodense areas and different amounts of calcification. Injection of contrast medium showed no enhancement of lesions except in the brain. MSCT and MRI are reliable imaging methods for the diagnosis of extrahepatic AE. When one AE patient is clinically confirmed, MSCT scan from the chest to the abdomen should be performed to exclude other organs AE.

Extrahepatic Alveolar Echinococcus on Multi-slice Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

10.21203/rs.3.rs-135974/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Guo Hui ◽

Wenya Liu ◽

Jian Wang ◽

Yan Xing

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Adrenal Gland ◽

Kappa Statistics ◽

Imaging Features ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Mri Features ◽

Abstract Background. Alveolar echinococcus (AE) is a severe health problem in endemic areas. In recent years, the incidence of this disease in China has been increasing. The study was designed to illustrate the multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of extrahepatic AE.Methods. A cohort of 33 patients who suffered from extrahepatic AE was enrolled consecutively from January 2012 to December 2017. The MSCT and MRI features of extrahepatic AE were recorded and analyzed by experienced radiologists. The MSCT and MRI agreements for detecting imaging features of extrahepatic AE were calculated using kappa statistics.Results. All cases secondary to hepatic AE, except two primary extrahepatic AE, were found in this study. Locations of extrahepatic AE included 19 (57.6%) lung, 10 (30.3%) adrenal gland, 9 (27.3%) brain, 5 (15.2%) peritoneal cavity, 5 (15.2%) spleen, 4 (12.1%) diaphragm, 3 (9.1%) kidney, 3 (9.1%) retroperitoneal, and 2 (6.1%) vertebra; Involvement of 1 (3.0%) heart, 1 (3.0%) mediastinum, 1 (3.0%) muscle, and 1 (3.0%) pancreas was rare. AE of the lung usually appeared as irregular and scattered nodules with small vacuoles or cavities inside and peripheral distribution. Multiple cerebral nodules with calcification and surrounding edema were the most common features seen in brain AE. Adrenal gland AE presented as plaques containing different sizes of hypodense areas and different amounts of calcification. Injection of contrast medium showed no enhancement of lesions except in the brain. Very good agreements were seen between MSCT and MR for detecting number (κ=0.841, p=0.000), border (κ=0.911, p=0.000) and size (κ=0.864, p=0.000) of extrahepatic AE.Conclusions. MSCT and MRI are reliable imaging methods for the diagnosis of extrahepatic AE. When one AE patient is clinically confirmed, MSCT scan from the head to pelvis should be performed to exclude other organs AE.

Brain Imaging Methodologies

Neurobiology of Mental Illness ◽

10.1093/med/9780199934959.003.0015 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 199-211

Author(s):

Hanzhang Lu ◽

Yihong Yang ◽

Peiying Liu

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Treatment Monitoring ◽

Emission Tomography ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Brain Anatomy ◽

Positron Emission ◽

And Function ◽

Neuroimaging allows the study of psychiatric and neurological disorders on a systems level. It contains many sub-modalities that can reflect different aspects of brain anatomy, physiology, and function. Collectively, they provide a powerful toolbox for researchers and clinician to better understand the neurobiology of the disease and improve diagnosis. The greatest advantage of neuroimaging is that most modalities can be performed noninvasively, thereby it represents the most direct means to “look” inside the brain in living humans. This chapter focuses on several emerging neuroimaging methodologies in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and positron emission tomography (PET) that are capable of making a major impact in the understanding, diagnostics and treatment monitoring of mental illness in the coming years.

What Is a Concussion?

Concussion Care Manual ◽

10.1093/med/9780190054793.003.0002 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 5-8

Author(s):

David L. Brody

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Traumatic Brain Injury ◽

Brain Injury ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Blood Test ◽

Daily Basis ◽

Life Threatening ◽

A concussion is a traumatic brain injury, but not an immediately life-threatening one. A traumatic brain injury means that a sudden force has been applied to the brain from outside. But not every force causes a concussion. In fact, most do not. The scalp, skull, and dura do a pretty good job protecting our brains from most of what happens to us on a daily basis. A traumatic brain injury means that the force applied to the brain caused a disruption in the brain’s structure, an impairment of the brain’s function, or both. Just because a computed tomography (CT) scan, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, or a blood test is negative does not mean that there has not been a concussion. Traumatic brain injury, especially concussion, is a clinical diagnosis, not based on any laboratory test or scan. Typically, patients with concussion have Glasgow Coma Scores between 13 and 15.

A comparison of primary care access to non-trauma computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with hospital clinician referrals

Clinical Radiology ◽

10.1016/j.crad.2013.05.048 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 ◽

pp. S8-S9

Author(s):

Cheng Xie ◽

Amdad Ahmed ◽

Arpan Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Primary Care ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Primary Care Access ◽

Care Access ◽

ARTICULATORY FEATURES OF THE /I/-TYPE VOWELS IN THE ALTAI-KIZHI DIALECT (MRI DATA)

10.22250/2410-7190_2020_6_4_43_50 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-50

Author(s):

ALBINA A. DOBRININA ◽

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Literary Language ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Articulatory Features ◽

The Common ◽

Rural Locality

The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).

A243 A RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF THE RADIOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL RESECTION RATES OF PANCREATIC SEROUS CYSTS

Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1093/jcag/gwab002.241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 300-301

Author(s):

M Monachese ◽

S Li ◽

M Salim ◽

L Guimaraes ◽

P D James

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Surgical Resection ◽

Predictive Value ◽

Resected Specimen ◽

Cystic Lesions ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Guided Biopsy ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Pancreatic cystic lesions are increasingly identified in persons undergoing abdominal imaging. Serous cystic neoplasms (SCNs) have a very low risk of malignant transformation. Resection of SCNs is not recommended in the absence of related symptoms. The accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to identify SCNs is not known and may impact clinical care. Aims To evaluate the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of SCN. To see how this can impact the decision to resect suspected SCNs. Methods Retrospective cohort study of patients from the University Health Network with suspected SCNs from 2017–2020 who underwent either a CT or MRI of the abdomen. Reports noting pancreatic cystic lesions were identified and reviewed. Only cases with suspected SCNs were included. Clinical (age, sex, symptoms, treatment) and radiographic (type of imaging, reported cyst characteristics) data was collected. Pathology was reviewed for all cases where the cysts was biopsied or resected during follow-up. The gold standard for the diagnosis for SCN was pathology of resected specimen or EUS-guided biopsy cytopathology showing no evidence of a mucinous lesion, CEA level below 10ug per L and amylase level below 50 U/L. Results 163 patients were included in the study. 99 (61%) were female and 98 (60%) underwent CT scan. EUS-guided biopsy was performed in 24 (15%) of patients and 8 (5%) had surgical resection. Multidisciplinary review was performed in 6 of the 8 cases that went to surgery. Of the resected specimens, 5 (63%) were SCN, 1 was a mucinous cystic lesion, 1 was a neuroendocrine tumor and 1 was a carcinoma. Two patients underwent EUS evaluation prior to surgical resection. In one case SCN was resected when EUS reported an undetermined cyst type. Reasons for surgical resection were: the diagnosis of serous cyst was not definitive (n=5), symptoms (n=2), and high-risk mucinous cystic neoplasm identified on EUS (n=1). Of 30 patients with pathology available, 15 (50%) were confirmed to have a SCN. CT and MRI had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 93%, 25%, 52% and 80%, respectively. Conclusions Surgical resection for SCN lesions is driven by diagnostic uncertainty after cross-sectional imaging. Multidisciplinary review and EUS evaluation may improve diagnostic accuracy and should be considered prior to surgical resection of possible SCN lesions. Funding Agencies None

The value of contrast-enhanced FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging in detecting meningeal abnormalities in suspected cases of meningitis compared to conventional contrast-enhanced T1WI sequences

Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine ◽

10.1186/s43055-020-00348-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wael Hamza Kamr ◽

Mohamed Gaber Eissawy ◽

Amr Saadawy

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Early Diagnosis ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

Effective Management ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Flair Sequence ◽

Csf Analysis ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Abstract Background Early diagnosis of meningitis with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would be useful for appropriate and effective management, decrease morbidity and mortality, and provide better diagnosis and treatment. The objective of the current study is to compare the accuracy of contrast-enhanced FLAIR (CE-FLAIR) and contrast-enhanced T1WI (CE-T1WI) in the detection of meningeal abnormalities in suspected cases of meningitis. Results Out of 45 patients, 37 patients were confirmed to have meningitis on CSF analysis. Out of the 37 patients, 34 patients were positive on CE-FLAIR sequence and 27 were positive on CE-T1WI. The sensitivity of CE-FLAIR sequence was 91.9% and specificity 100%, while the sensitivity of CE-T1WI sequence was 73% and specificity 100%. Conclusion CE-FLAIR is more sensitive than CE-T1WI in diagnosis of meningitis. It is recommended to be used in any cases with clinically suspected meningitis.

Diagnosing RCVS Without the CV

The Neurohospitalist ◽

10.1177/1941874415599576 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. NP1-NP4 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Nuri Jacoby ◽

Ulrike Kaunzner ◽

Marc Dinkin ◽

Joseph Safdieh

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiple Risk Factors ◽

Mri Brain ◽

Cerebral Vasoconstriction ◽

History Of ◽

Reversible Encephalopathy ◽

Occipital Lobes ◽

This is a case of a 52-year-old man with a past medical history of 2 episodes of coital thunderclap headaches as well as recent cocaine, marijuana, and pseudoephedrine use, who presented with sudden, sharp, posterior headache associated with photophobia and phonophobia. His initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the head, and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) of the head were all normal as well as a normal lumbar puncture. Given the multiple risk factors for reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS), the patient was treated for suspected RCVS, despite the normal imaging. Repeat MRI brain 3 days after hospital admission demonstrated confluent white matter T2 hyperintensities most prominent in the occipital lobes, typical of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Repeat MRA of the head 1 day after discharge and 4 days after the abnormal MRI brain showed multisegment narrowing of multiple arteries. This case demonstrates that RCVS may present with PRES on MRI brain and also exemplifies the need to treat suspected RCVS even if imaging is normal, as abnormalities in both the MRI and the MRA may be delayed.