Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity of Blood–Brain Barrier Gene Expression: Analysis by LCM/qRT-PCR

2011 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Demarest ◽  
Nivetha Murugesan ◽  
Jennifer A. Macdonald ◽  
Joel S. Pachter
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Cell Heterogeneity ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Endothelial Cell Heterogeneity

scholarly journals Glucocorticoid effects on endothelial barrier function in the murine brain endothelial cell line cEND incubated with sera from patients with multiple sclerosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga G Blecharz ◽  
Aiden Haghikia ◽  
Mariusz Stasiolek ◽  
Niels Kruse ◽  
Detlev Drenckhahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Tight Junction ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Junction Protein ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier Integrity

Compromised blood—brain barrier integrity is a major hallmark of active multiple sclerosis (MS). Alterations in brain endothelial tight junction protein and gene expression occur early during neuroinflammation but there is little known about the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we analysed barrier compromising effects of sera from MS patients and barrier restoring effects of glucocorticoids on blood—brain barrier integrity in vitro. cEND murine brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers were incubated with sera from patients in active phase of disease or in relapse. Data were compared with effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone alone or in combination with MS sera on barrier integrity. Tight junction protein levels and gene expression were evaluated concomitant with barrier integrity. We reveal downregulation of claudin-5 and occludin protein and mRNA and an accompanying upregulation in expression of matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9 after incubation with serum from active disease and remission and also a minor reconstitution of barrier functions related to dexamethasone treatment. Moreover, we for the first time describe downregulation of claudin-5 and occludin protein after incubation of cEND cells with sera from patients in remission phase of MS. Our findings reveal direct and differential effects of MS sera on blood-brain barrier integrity.

scholarly journals CdSe/ZnS Core-Shell-Type Quantum Dot Nanoparticles Disrupt the Cellular Homeostasis in Cellular Blood–Brain Barrier Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1068
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Dominika Kania ◽  
Waldemar Wagner ◽  
Łukasz Pułaski
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Protein Gene ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Shell Type ◽  
The Impact

Two immortalized brain microvascular endothelial cell lines (hCMEC/D3 and RBE4, of human and rat origin, respectively) were applied as an in vitro model of cellular elements of the blood–brain barrier in a nanotoxicological study. We evaluated the impact of CdSe/ZnS core-shell-type quantum dot nanoparticles on cellular homeostasis, using gold nanoparticles as a largely bioorthogonal control. While the investigated nanoparticles had surprisingly negligible acute cytotoxicity in the evaluated models, a multi-faceted study of barrier-related phenotypes and cell condition revealed a complex pattern of homeostasis disruption. Interestingly, some features of the paracellular barrier phenotype (transendothelial electrical resistance, tight junction protein gene expression) were improved by exposure to nanoparticles in a potential hormetic mechanism. However, mitochondrial potential and antioxidant defences largely collapsed under these conditions, paralleled by a strong pro-apoptotic shift in a significant proportion of cells (evidenced by apoptotic protein gene expression, chromosomal DNA fragmentation, and membrane phosphatidylserine exposure). Taken together, our results suggest a reactive oxygen species-mediated cellular mechanism of blood–brain barrier damage by quantum dots, which may be toxicologically significant in the face of increasing human exposure to this type of nanoparticles, both intended (in medical applications) and more often unintended (from consumer goods-derived environmental pollution).

scholarly journals Blood-Brain Barrier Deterioration and Hippocampal Gene Expression in Polymicrobial Sepsis: An Evaluation of Endothelial MyD88 and the Vagus Nerve

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e0144215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Honig ◽  
Simone Mader ◽  
Huiyi Chen ◽  
Amit Porat ◽  
Mahendar Ochani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Polymicrobial Sepsis ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain

scholarly journals Brain Endothelial Cell-Cell Junctions: How to “Open” the Blood Brain Barrier

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 179-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Stamatovic ◽  
Richard Keep ◽  
Anuska Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Cell Junctions ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Cell Cell

scholarly journals Blood—Brain Barrier Genomics

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Yi Li ◽  
Ruben J. Boado ◽  
William M. Pardridge
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Microvascular Endothelium ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Tester Cdna

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is formed by the brain microvascular endothelium, and the unique transport properties of the BBB are derived from tissue-specific gene expression within this cell. The current studies developed a gene microarray approach specific for the BBB by purifying the initial mRNA from isolated rat brain capillaries to generate tester cDNA. A polymerase chain reaction–based subtraction cloning method, suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH), was used, and the BBB cDNA was subtracted with driver cDNA produced from mRNA isolated from rat liver and kidney. Screening 5% of the subtracted tester cDNA resulted in identification of 50 gene products and more than 80% of those were selectively expressed at the BBB; these included novel gene sequences not found in existing databases, ESTs, and known genes that were not known to be selectively expressed at the BBB. Genes in the latter category include tissue plasminogen activator, insulin-like growth factor-2, PC-3 gene product, myelin basic protein, regulator of G protein signaling 5, utrophin, IκB, connexin-45, the class I major histocompatibility complex, the rat homologue of the transcription factors hbrm or EZH1, and organic anion transporting polypeptide type 2. Knowledge of tissue-specific gene expression at the BBB could lead to new targets for brain drug delivery and could elucidate mechanisms of brain pathology at the microvascular level.

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