Inoculation and Virulence Assay for Bacterial Blight and Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice

2012 ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Yang ◽  
Adam Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Virulence Assay

scholarly journals Cloning of the rice Xo1 resistance gene and interaction of the Xo1 protein with the defense-suppressing Xanthomonas effector Tal2h

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Read ◽  
Mathilde Hutin ◽  
Matthew J. Moscou ◽  
Fabio C. Rinaldi ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Leaves

AbstractThe Xo1 locus in the heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pvs. oryzicola and oryzae, respectively. Resistance is triggered by pathogen-delivered transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) independent of their ability to activate transcription, and is suppressed by variants called truncTALEs common among Asian strains. By transformation of the susceptible variety Nipponbare, we show that one of 14 nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein genes at the locus, with a zfBED domain, is the Xo1 gene. Analyses of published transcriptomes revealed that the Xo1-mediated response is similar to those of NLR resistance genes Pia and Rxo1 and distinct from that associated with induction of the executor resistance gene Xa23, and that a truncTALE dampens or abolishes activation of defense-associated genes by Xo1. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, fluorescently-tagged Xo1 protein, like TALEs and truncTALEs, localized to the nucleus. And, endogenous Xo1 specifically co-immunoprecipitated from rice leaves with a pathogen-delivered, epitope-tagged truncTALE. These observations suggest that suppression of Xo1-function by truncTALEs occurs through direct or indirect physical interaction. They further suggest that effector co-immunoprecipitation may be effective for identifying or characterizing other resistance genes.

scholarly journals Rice Routes of Countering Xanthomonas oryzae

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Ji ◽  
Chunlian Wang ◽  
Kaijun Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathogen Effectors ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Diverse Interactions

Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, respectively, are two devastating diseases in rice planting areas worldwide. It has been proven that adoption of rice resistance is the most effective, economic, and environment-friendly strategy to avoid yield loss caused by BB and BLS. As a model system for plant—pathogen interaction, the rice—X. oryzae pathosystem has been intensively investigated in the past decade. Abundant studies have shown that the resistance and susceptibility of rice to X. oryzae is determined by molecular interactions between rice genes or their products and various pathogen effectors. In this review, we briefly overviewed the literature regarding the diverse interactions, focusing on recent advances in uncovering mechanisms of rice resistance and X. oryzae virulence. Our analysis and discussions will not only be helpful for getting a better understanding of coevolution of the rice innate immunity and X. oryzae virulence, but it will also provide new insights for application of plant R genes in crop breeding.

Efficacy of bacteriocinogenic strains of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae on the incidence of bacterial blight disease of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 764-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sakthivel ◽  
T. W. Mew
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Blight Disease ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

A total of 144 isolates of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were screened for bacteriocin production against 30 indicator strains of X. oryzae pv. oryzae. Forty isolates showed broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against 20–27 indicators, presumably because of the production of bacteriocin compounds. The selected isolates were screened for bacteriocin production at 29 °C and tested for virulence on rice differentials. Since all of the isolates were pathogenic, nonpathogenic bacteria were generated through N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis and by repeated subculturing. Epiphytic colonization and survival of pathogens and of nonpathogenic bacteriocin producers on rice plants were monitored, using mutants resistant to streptomycin and rifampicin. An improved method of pathogen inoculation was developed and used to evaluate biological control. Treatment with nonpathogenic bacteriocin-producing bacteria resulted in reductions of bacterial blight incidence up to 31–99% in greenhouse tests and 11–73% in the screenhouse. Bacterial leaf streak severity was reduced 4–20% in the greenhouse and disease incidence was reduced 20–39% in the screenhouse. Key words: bacteriocin, biological control, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, mutagenesis, rice.

scholarly journals Code-Assisted Discovery of TAL Effector Targets in Bacterial Leaf Streak of Rice Reveals Contrast with Bacterial Blight and a Novel Susceptibility Gene

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e1003972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raul A. Cernadas ◽  
Erin L. Doyle ◽  
David O. Niño-Liu ◽  
Katherine E. Wilkins ◽  
Timothy Bancroft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Tal Effector

scholarly journals Resistance Genes and their Interactions with Bacterial Blight/Leaf Streak Pathogens (Xanthomonas oryzae) in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)—an Updated Review

Rice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Jun Yan ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Yanlong Shi ◽  
Zhizhou He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Effector Genes ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance ◽  
Genomic Studies

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop, feeding more than 50% of the world’s population. Diseases caused by bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens constantly threaten the rice production and lead to enormous yield losses. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused respectively by gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), are two important diseases affecting rice production worldwide. Due to the economic importance, extensive genetic and genomic studies have been conducted to elucidate the molecular mechanism of rice response to Xoo and Xoc in the last two decades. A series of resistance (R) genes and their cognate avirulence and virulence effector genes have been characterized. Here, we summarize the recent advances in studies on interactions between rice and the two pathogens through these R genes or their products and effectors. Breeding strategies to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae based on the published studies are also discussed.

scholarly journals Engineering Resistance to Bacterial Blight and Bacterial Leaf Streak in Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Ni ◽  
Yongqiang Cao ◽  
Xia Jin ◽  
Zhuomin Fu ◽  
Jianyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Simulated Field ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Abstract Background Xanthomonas oryzae (Xo) is one of the important pathogenic bacterial groups affecting rice production. Its pathovars Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice, respectively. Xo infects host plants by relying mainly on its transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to host DNA targets, named effector binding elements (EBEs), and induce the expression of downstream major susceptibility genes. Blocking TALE binding to EBE could increase rice resistance to the corresponding Xo. Findings We used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the EBEs of three major susceptibility genes (OsSWEET11, OsSWEET14 and OsSULTR3;6) in the rice varieties Guihong 1 and Zhonghua 11. Both varieties have a natural one-base mutation in the EBE of another major susceptibility gene (OsSWEET13) which is not induced by the corresponding TALE. Two rice lines GT0105 (from Guihong 1) and ZT0918 (from Zhonghua 11) with target mutations and transgene-free were obtained and showed significantly enhanced resistance to the tested strains of Xoo and Xoc. Furthermore, under simulated field conditions, the morphology and other agronomic traits of GT0105 and ZT0918 were basically the same as those of the wild types. Conclusions In this study, we first reported that the engineering rice lines obtained by editing the promoters of susceptibility genes are resistant to Xoo and Xoc, and their original agronomic traits are not affected.

Genome-wide association mapping for resistance to bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice

Planta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Jiang ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Qin Zeng ◽  
Yi Liang ◽  
Yanlong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Association Mapping ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Genome Wide
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