scholarly journals Cloning of the rice Xo1 resistance gene and interaction of the Xo1 protein with the defense-suppressing Xanthomonas effector Tal2h

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Read ◽  
Mathilde Hutin ◽  
Matthew J. Moscou ◽  
Fabio C. Rinaldi ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Leaves

AbstractThe Xo1 locus in the heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pvs. oryzicola and oryzae, respectively. Resistance is triggered by pathogen-delivered transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) independent of their ability to activate transcription, and is suppressed by variants called truncTALEs common among Asian strains. By transformation of the susceptible variety Nipponbare, we show that one of 14 nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein genes at the locus, with a zfBED domain, is the Xo1 gene. Analyses of published transcriptomes revealed that the Xo1-mediated response is similar to those of NLR resistance genes Pia and Rxo1 and distinct from that associated with induction of the executor resistance gene Xa23, and that a truncTALE dampens or abolishes activation of defense-associated genes by Xo1. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, fluorescently-tagged Xo1 protein, like TALEs and truncTALEs, localized to the nucleus. And, endogenous Xo1 specifically co-immunoprecipitated from rice leaves with a pathogen-delivered, epitope-tagged truncTALE. These observations suggest that suppression of Xo1-function by truncTALEs occurs through direct or indirect physical interaction. They further suggest that effector co-immunoprecipitation may be effective for identifying or characterizing other resistance genes.

scholarly journals Cloning of the Rice Xo1 Resistance Gene and Interaction of the Xo1 Protein with the Defense-Suppressing Xanthomonas Effector Tal2h

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 1189-1195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Read ◽  
Mathilde Hutin ◽  
Matthew J. Moscou ◽  
Fabio C. Rinaldi ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Truncated Variants

The Xo1 locus in the heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola and X. oryzae pv. oryzae, respectively. Resistance is triggered by pathogen-delivered transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) independent of their ability to activate transcription and is suppressed by truncated variants called truncTALEs, common among Asian strains. By transformation of the susceptible variety Nipponbare, we show that one of 14 nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein genes at the locus, with a zinc finger BED domain, is the Xo1 gene. Analyses of published transcriptomes revealed that the Xo1-mediated response is more similar to those mediated by two other NLR resistance genes than it is to the response associated with TALE-specific transcriptional activation of the executor resistance gene Xa23 and that a truncTALE dampens or abolishes activation of defense-associated genes by Xo1. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, fluorescently tagged Xo1 protein, like TALEs and truncTALEs, localized to the nucleus. And endogenous Xo1 specifically coimmunoprecipitated from rice leaves with a pathogen-delivered, epitope-tagged truncTALE. These observations suggest that suppression of Xo1-function by truncTALEs occurs through direct or indirect physical interaction. They further suggest that effector coimmunoprecipitation may be effective for identifying or characterizing other resistance genes.

scholarly journals Introgression of Bacterial Blight Resistance Genes in the Rice Cultivar Ciherang: Response against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in the F6 Generation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2048
Author(s):  
Priya Lal Biswas ◽  
Ujjal Kumar Nath ◽  
Sharmistha Ghosal ◽  
Gayatri Goswami ◽  
Md. Shalim Uddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Broad Spectrum Resistance

Bacterial blight (BB) is caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and is one of the most important diseases in rice. It results in significantly reduced productivity throughout all rice-growing regions of the world. Four BB resistance genes have been reported; however, introgression of a single gene into rice has not been able to sufficiently protect rice against BB infection. Pyramiding of effective BB resistance genes (i.e., Xa genes) into background varieties is a potential approach to controlling BB infection. In this study, combinations of four BB resistance genes, Xa4, xa5, xa13, and Xa21, were pyramided into populations. The populations were derived from crossing Ciherang (a widespread Indonesian rice variety) with IRBB60 (resistance to BB). Promising recombinants from the F6 generation were identified by scoring the phenotype against three virulent bacterial strains, C5, P6, and V, which cause widespread BB infection in most rice-growing countries. Pyramiding of genes for BB resistance in 265 recombinant introgressed lines (RILs) were confirmed through marker-assisted selection (MAS) of the F5 and F6 generations using gene-specific primers. Of these 265 RILs, 11, 34 and 45 lines had four, three, or two BB resistance genes, respectively. The RILs had pyramiding of two or three resistance genes, with the Xa4 resistance gene showing broad spectrum resistance against Xoo races with higher agronomic performance compared to their donor and recipients parents. The developed BB-resistant RILs have high yield potential to be further developed for cultivation or as sources of BB resistance donor material for varietal improvement in other rice lines.

scholarly journals A strain of an emerging Indian pathotype of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae defeats the rice bacterial blight resistance gene xa13 without inducing a clade III SWEET gene and is nearly identical to a recent Thai isolate

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara C. D. Carpenter ◽  
Prashant Mishra ◽  
Chandrika Ghoshal ◽  
Prasanta Dash ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Host Susceptibility ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Bacterial Blight ◽  
Indian Strain ◽  
Bacterial Blight Pathogen ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
S Genes

AbstractThe rice bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) injects transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind and activate host ‘susceptibility’ (S) genes important for disease. Clade III SWEET genes are major S genes for bacterial blight. The resistance genes xa5, which reduces TALE activity generally, and xa13, a SWEET11 allele not recognized by the cognate TALE, have been effectively deployed. However, strains that defeat both resistance genes individually were recently reported in India and Thailand. To gain insight into the mechanism(s), we completely sequenced the genome of one such strain from each country and examined the encoded TALEs. Strikingly, the two strains are clones, sharing nearly identical TALE repertoires, including a TALE known to activate SWEET11 strongly enough to be effective even when diminished by xa5. We next investigated SWEET gene induction by the Indian strain. The Indian strain induced no clade III SWEET in plants harbouring xa13, indicating a pathogen adaptation that relieves dependence on these genes for susceptibility. The findings open a door to mechanistic understanding of the role SWEET genes play in susceptibility and illustrate the importance of complete genome sequence-based monitoring of Xoo populations in developing varieties with effective disease resistance.

scholarly journals Engineering Resistance to Bacterial Blight and Bacterial Leaf Streak in Rice

Rice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Ni ◽  
Yongqiang Cao ◽  
Xia Jin ◽  
Zhuomin Fu ◽  
Jianyuan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Simulated Field ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Abstract Background Xanthomonas oryzae (Xo) is one of the important pathogenic bacterial groups affecting rice production. Its pathovars Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) cause bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak in rice, respectively. Xo infects host plants by relying mainly on its transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) that bind to host DNA targets, named effector binding elements (EBEs), and induce the expression of downstream major susceptibility genes. Blocking TALE binding to EBE could increase rice resistance to the corresponding Xo. Findings We used CRISPR/Cas9 to edit the EBEs of three major susceptibility genes (OsSWEET11, OsSWEET14 and OsSULTR3;6) in the rice varieties Guihong 1 and Zhonghua 11. Both varieties have a natural one-base mutation in the EBE of another major susceptibility gene (OsSWEET13) which is not induced by the corresponding TALE. Two rice lines GT0105 (from Guihong 1) and ZT0918 (from Zhonghua 11) with target mutations and transgene-free were obtained and showed significantly enhanced resistance to the tested strains of Xoo and Xoc. Furthermore, under simulated field conditions, the morphology and other agronomic traits of GT0105 and ZT0918 were basically the same as those of the wild types. Conclusions In this study, we first reported that the engineering rice lines obtained by editing the promoters of susceptibility genes are resistant to Xoo and Xoc, and their original agronomic traits are not affected.

Evaluation of resistance of rice genotypes (derived from the cross between HKR-127 and IRBB-60) against bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-147
Author(s):  
Kirti Mehta ◽  
Nikita Baliyan ◽  
Rahul Kumar Meena ◽  
Shikha Yashveer
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Lesion Length ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Rice crop is susceptible to various bacterial diseases and one such commonly known disease is Bacterial Blight (BB) caused by the pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). Rice variety HKR-127 is widely accepted by rice farmers, users and buyers in Haryana (India) owing to its high agricultural produce, medium lanky grains, and outstanding cooking characteristics, however, HKR-127 exhibits less endurance to BB. The aim of the study conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University was to investigate the genetic potential of BC3F2 and BC3F3 pyramided rice genotypes (cross HKR-127 x IRBB -60) having resistance genes (Xa21, xa13, and xa5). These genotypes were tested for virulence against BB under artificial conditions using Clip method of artificial inoculation. On average, five leaves per plant were inoculated and visually scored after 14 days. Disease reaction rating was done on a 0-9 scale of the standard evaluation system (SES) for rice. Rice genotypes with all the three genes exhibited relatively low mean lesion length compared to single or double combinations thus establishing higher resistance of threegene genotypes to BB. The lines obtained in our study can be used as genetic resources for BB resistance in breeding programs that will be paving the way for an environmentally-friendly means to achieve a better disease management. Moreover, the success will facilitate future efforts to transfer combinations of BB resistance genes into other preferred rice cultivars. 

Identification and Molecular Mapping of Xa32(t), a Novel Resistance Gene for Bacterial Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) in Rice

2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong-Ke ZHENG ◽  
Chun-Lian WANG ◽  
Yuan-Jie YU ◽  
Yun-Tao LIANG ◽  
Kai-Jun ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Molecular Mapping ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae

scholarly journals Estimation of Rice Yield Loss Using a Simple Linear Regression Model for Bacterial Blight Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
T H Ansari ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
S Akter ◽  
M S Mian ◽  
M A Latif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Crop Growth Stages ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Field experiment was carried out in hot and humid summer (Transplanted Aus) season to realize the yield loss of a susceptible rice variety Purbachi inoculated with bacterial blight (BB). Treatments consist of BB inoculations at different crop growth stages like maximum tillering (MT), panicle initiation (PI), booting (Bt), flowering and heading stages differently including a control (no BB inoculation). Disease severity index (DSI) was measured at 14 days after inoculation (DAI) and harvest. Data on 1000-grain-weight and yield was recorded at harvest. Significant variation on DSI was observed among different BB inoculated crop growth stages. MT, PI and Boot stage inoculations showed similar (DSI 7.1-8.0) but higher DSI than flowering and heading stages inoculation (3.2-5.3) even control (0.00) at 14 DAI. However, all the treatments showed similar DSI 9.0 at harvest. Bacterial blight can affect the grain weight to some extent although it was insignificant among the treatments (0.1-4.5%). DSI showed negative correlation with 1000-grain weight (r=-0.77*) and similarly with the yield (r=-0.97**). The yield ranged from 2.4-3.4 t/ha among the treatments. The yield loss was observed 5.8-30.4% in the BB inoculated treatments. MT, PI and Boot stages inoculation affected the yield much resulting 21-30.4% yield loss. It could be concluded that a susceptible variety can be affected with significant yield loss up to 30.4% with severe outbreak of B B. A simple regression equation = 4.09-0.211X( = Yield, X = BB severity score) is suggested for the prediction of yield loss in susceptible variety in summer season. Bangladesh Rice j. 2019, 23(1): 73-79

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