Nuclear Medicine: An Overview of Imaging Techniques, Clinical Applications and Trials

2013 ◽  
pp. 293-325
Author(s):  
Amit Mehndiratta ◽  
Prabu Anandaraj ◽  
Christian M. Zechmann ◽  
Frederik L. Giesel
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals Second Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic in Malaysia and the Impact on Nuclear Cardiology Services: An Institutional Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Ahmad Zaid Zanial ◽  
Syifaa Aminudin ◽  
FatinHayani Mohamad Najib ◽  
Siti Zarina Amir Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Nuclear Cardiology ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Main Difficulty ◽  
Technetium 99M ◽  
Institutional Experience ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Wave

Introduction: Nuclear cardiology applying radioactive tracer and hybrid imaging techniques are able to provide information needed to detect and evaluate ischaemic heart diseases. In our centre, nuclear cardiology services involving stress and rest myocardial perfusion scans and viability studies contribute about 40% of overall scan workload. The second wave of COVID- 19 pandemic in Malaysia announced by the end of February 2020 has affected nuclear cardiology services.Objectives: Our aims were to determine the impact of COVID-19 pandemic second wave on the nuclear cardiology imaging studies performed as well as to ascertain crucial institutional experience especially unavoidable problem and adjustment during the period.Methods: A review of Technetium-99m tetrofosmin radiopharmaceutical dispensing data and scan records for 1st February to 31st August 2019 and 2020 was conducted at Nuclear Medicine Department, Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Figures were compiled and statistical analysis done. Survey and focus discussion conducted involving nuclear medicine physicians, pharmacists and physic officers to identify the main difficulty faced and most important Job-adapting measure taken.Results: A total of 1109 cardiac radiopharmaceutical doses dispensed during the studied period but were less when compared to 1342 doses dispensed last year. Significant reduction was noted in April and May 2020 with only 69 and 67 cases respectively in comparison with monthly average of 192 cases in 2019. Although some scan appointments were postponed to avoid the usual waiting area congestions, the main difficulty faced was Technetium-99m generator supply disruption with limited production in Europe and international transportation restriction. Implementing infection control standard operating procedure (SOP) instructions as part of routine work practice with emphasis of time, distance and shielding concept was the most important Job-adapting measure.Conclusion: Nuclear cardiology services were affected by the second wave of COVID-19 pandemic locally. Main problem ascertained was disruption of radioactive supply. Most important adjustment was infection control SOP implementation.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Supplementary Issue: 2021 Page: S25

Clinical Applications of Nuclear Medicine: Multiple Myeloma

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Martina Sollini ◽  
Sara Galimberti ◽  
Roberto Boni ◽  
Paola Anna Erba
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Clinical Applications

scholarly journals Immuno-Imaging to Predict Treatment Response in Infection, Inflammation and Oncology

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Signore ◽  
Chiara Lauri ◽  
Sveva Auletta ◽  
Kelly Anzola ◽  
Filippo Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Treatment Response ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Tumour Immunology ◽  
Therapy Decision

Background: Molecular nuclear medicine plays a pivotal role for diagnosis in a preclinical phase, in genetically susceptible patients, for radio-guided surgery, for disease relapse evaluation, and for therapy decision-making and follow-up. This is possible thanks to the development of new radiopharmaceuticals to target specific biomarkers of infection, inflammation and tumour immunology. Methods: In this review, we describe the use of specific radiopharmaceuticals for infectious and inflammatory diseases with the aim of fast and accurate diagnosis and treatment follow-up. Furthermore, we focus on specific oncological indications with an emphasis on tumour immunology and visualizing the tumour environment. Results: Molecular nuclear medicine imaging techniques get a foothold in the diagnosis of a variety of infectious and inflammatory diseases, such as bacterial and fungal infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and large vessel vasculitis, but also for treatment response in cancer immunotherapy. Conclusion: Several specific radiopharmaceuticals can be used to improve diagnosis and staging, but also for therapy decision-making and follow-up in infectious, inflammatory and oncological diseases where immune cells are involved. The identification of these cell subpopulations by nuclear medicine techniques would provide personalized medicine for these patients, avoiding side effects and improving therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Recent applications of nuclear medicine in diagnostics: II part

2013 ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Ernesto Cason ◽  
Giorgio Fagioli
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emission Computed Tomography ◽  
Nuclear Medicine Imaging ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Artery Disease

Introduction: Positron-emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are effective diagnostic imaging tools in several clinical settings. The aim of this article (the second of a 2-part series) is to examine some of the more recent applications of nuclear medicine imaging techniques, particularly in the fields of neurology, cardiology, and infection/inflammation. Discussion: A review of the literature reveals that in the field of neurology nuclear medicine techniques are most widely used to investigate cognitive deficits and dementia (particularly those associated with Alzheimer disease), epilepsy, and movement disorders. In cardiology, SPECT and PET also play important roles in the work-up of patients with coronary artery disease, providing accurate information on the state of the myocardium (perfusion, metabolism, and innervation). White blood cell scintigraphy and FDG-PET are widely used to investigate many infectious/inflammatory processes. In each of these areas, the review discusses the use of recently developed radiopharmaceuticals, the growth of tomographic nuclear medicine techniques, and the ways in which these advances are improving molecular imaging of biologic processes at the cellular level.

scholarly journals Effective dose in medicine

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 126-140
Author(s):  
C.J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Radiological Protection ◽  
Medical Procedures ◽  
Patient Referral ◽  
Similar Dose ◽  
Effective Doses ◽  
Public Exposure ◽  
Made In

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) developed effective dose as a quantity related to risk for occupational and public exposure. There was a need for a similar dose quantity linked to risk for making everyday decisions relating to medical procedures. Coefficients were developed to enable the calculation of doses to organs and tissues, and effective doses for procedures in nuclear medicine and radiology during the 1980s and 1990s. Effective dose has provided a valuable tool that is now used in the establishment of guidelines for patient referral and justification of procedures, choice of appropriate imaging techniques, and providing dose data on potential exposure of volunteers for research studies, all of which require the benefits from the procedure to be weighed against the risks. However, the approximations made in the derivation of effective dose are often forgotten, and the uncertainties in calculations of risks are discussed. An ICRP report on protection dose quantities has been prepared that provides more information on the application of effective dose, and concludes that effective dose can be used as an approximate measure of possible risk. A discussion of the way in which it should be used is given here, with applications for which it is considered suitable. Approaches to the evaluation of risk and methods for conveying information on risk are also discussed.

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