Potential of Microalgae for Wastewater Treatment and Its Valorization into Added Value Products

2019 ◽  
pp. 281-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Ángeles ◽  
Rosario Rodero ◽  
Andrea Carvajal ◽  
Raúl Muñoz ◽  
Raquel Lebrero
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Added Value

scholarly journals Potential of Chlorella Species as Feedstock for Bioenergy Production: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220
Author(s):  
Baiba Ievina ◽  
Francesco Romagnoli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Fast Growth ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Fast Growth Rate

AbstractSelection of appropriate microalgae strain for cultivation is essential for overall success of large-scale biomass production under particular environmental and climate conditions. In addition to fast growth rate and biomass productivity, the species ability to grow in wastewater must also be considered to increase the economic feasibility of microalgae for bioenergy purposes. Furthermore, the content of bioactive compounds in a strain must be taken into account to further increase the viability by integration of biorefinery concept. Chlorella spp. are among the most studied microalgal species. The present review attempts to unfold the potential of species of the genus Chlorella for bioenergy production integrating applicability for wastewater treatment and production of high added-value compounds. Several key features potentially make Chlorella spp. highly beneficial for bioenergy production. Fast growth rate, low nutritional requirements, low sensitivity to contamination, adaptation to fluctuating environments, ability to grow in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions make Chlorella spp. highly useful for outdoor cultivation coupled with wastewater treatment. Chlorella is a source of multiple bioactive compounds. Most promising high-value products are chlorophylls, lutein, β-carotene and lipids. Here we demonstrate that although many Chlorella spp. show similar characteristics, some substantial differences in growth and response to environmental factors exist.

scholarly journals Sewage sludge from Taxco de Alarcón wastewater treatment plant as substrate to cultivate Panicum maximum

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
Erik Yoel Carreto-Morales ◽  
Jazmin Alaide López-Díaz ◽  
Mariana Martínez-Castrejón ◽  
Oscar Talavera-Mendoza ◽  
Roberto Carlos Almazán-Núñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Southern Mexico

The management and disposal of the sewage sludge (SS) generated by a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) as part of the municipal wastewater (MWW) treatment process is one of the main socio-environmental issues faced by this type of system. Taxco de Alarcón, Guerrero, in southern Mexico has had a WWTP operating since 2016, and the SS disposal is a task that must be addressed by the WWTP. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the growth capacity of Panicum maximum, also known as mombaza grass (MG), by using SS generated within the "Taxco de Alarcón wastewater treatment plant" as substrate. To do so, 4 g of MG seeds were scattered over 5 kg (dry basis) of SS. As a control, a commercial compost soil was used, hereafter called pattern soil (PS). The experiment was carried out in triplicates for three months and drinking water (water used for human consumption) was used for crop irrigation. Each month a MG harvest was carried out. The response variables analyzed for MG were germination time (one month after plant emergence), height (HMG), growth rate GrMG, and yield (YMG), whereas in the SS and PS the content of organic matter was analyzed. Furthermore, the chemical composition was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) on the MG, SS, and PS. The results showed that MG germinated faster on PS (5 days) than germination on SS (7 days). However, the MG grown on SS reached a considerably higher height (45 cm) compared to the height reached on PS (17 cm). Furthermore, the maximum GrMG over SS was also higher than the maximum GrMG observed on the PS, 3.64 and 1.40 cm∙day-1, respectively. In terms of YMG, it was observed that on SS it reached an average monthly YMG of 416 g∙m-2, whereas in PS it reached a YMG of 72 g∙m-2. The chemical analysis detected P, K, Ca, Mg, and S, considered macronutrients in both substrates. Besides, some micronutrients identified in SS were Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn, whereas in PS it was also possible to detect micronutrients except Mn and Zn. All the macronutrients detected in the substrates were observed in the harvested MG. However, in the MG harvested in PS, Mn and Zn were not detected. Hence, a feasible disposal strategy for the SS generated by the Taxco de Alarcón WWTP is as a substrate for grass forage MG by its high organic matter content, the significant presence of macro and micronutrients, and the performance shown by MG cultivated in SS. Furthermore, the SS characteristics provide added value and can be considered as organic amendments of agricultural soils.

Integrated process for olive oil mill wastewater treatment and its revalorization through the generation of high added value algal biomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 332-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Malvis ◽  
Gassan Hodaifa ◽  
Mansour Halioui ◽  
Mahdi Seyedsalehi ◽  
Sebastián Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Algal Biomass ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Integrated Process ◽  
Olive Oil Mill Wastewater

scholarly journals Towards the Implementation of Circular Economy in the Wastewater Sector: Challenges and Opportunities

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Guerra-Rodríguez ◽  
Paula Oulego ◽  
Encarnación Rodríguez ◽  
Devendra Narain Singh ◽  
Jorge Rodríguez-Chueca
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Added Value ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Reclaimed Wastewater ◽  
Human Lifespan ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities

The advancement of science has facilitated increase in the human lifespan, reflected in economic and population growth, which unfortunately leads to increased exploitation of resources. This situation entails not only depletion of resources, but also increases environmental pollution, mainly due to atmospheric emissions, wastewater effluents, and solid wastes. In this scenario, it is compulsory to adopt a paradigm change, as far as the consumption of resources by the population is concerned, to achieve a circular economy. The recovery and reuse of resources are key points, leading to a decrease in the consumption of raw materials, waste reduction, and improvement of energy efficiency. This is the reason why the concept of the circular economy can be applied in any industrial activity, including the wastewater treatment sector. With this in view, this review manuscript focuses on demonstrating the challenges and opportunities in applying a circular economy in the water sector. For example, reclamation and reuse of wastewater to increase water resources, by paying particular attention to the risks for human health, recovery of nutrients, or highly added-value products (e.g., metals and biomolecules among others), valorisation of sewage sludge, and/or recovery of energy. Being aware of this situation, in the European, Union 18 out of 27 countries are already reusing reclaimed wastewater at some level. Moreover, many wastewater treatment plants have reached energy self-sufficiency, producing up to 150% of their energy requirements. Unfortunately, many of the opportunities presented in this work are far from becoming a reality. Still, the first step is always to become aware of the problem and work on optimizing the solution to make it possible.

The Added Value of Graphical Input and Display for Electron Lens Design

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-191
Author(s):  
B. Lencova ◽  
G. Wisselink
Keyword(s):  
Flux Density ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Lens Design ◽  
Step Size ◽  
Magnetic Lens ◽  
Flux Lines ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
Electron Lens ◽  
User Friendly

Recent progress in computer technology enables the calculation of lens fields and focal properties on commonly available computers such as IBM ATs. If we add to this the use of graphics, we greatly increase the applicability of design programs for electron lenses. Most programs for field computation are based on the finite element method (FEM). They are written in Fortran 77, so that they are easily transferred from PCs to larger machines.The design process has recently been made significantly more user friendly by adding input programs written in Turbo Pascal, which allows a flexible implementation of computer graphics. The input programs have not only menu driven input and modification of numerical data, but also graphics editing of the data. The input programs create files which are subsequently read by the Fortran programs. From the main menu of our magnetic lens design program, further options are chosen by using function keys or numbers. Some options (lens initialization and setting, fine mesh, current densities, etc.) open other menus where computation parameters can be set or numerical data can be entered with the help of a simple line editor. The "draw lens" option enables graphical editing of the mesh - see fig. I. The geometry of the electron lens is specified in terms of coordinates and indices of a coarse quadrilateral mesh. In this mesh, the fine mesh with smoothly changing step size is calculated by an automeshing procedure. The options shown in fig. 1 allow modification of the number of coarse mesh lines, change of coordinates of mesh points or lines, and specification of lens parts. Interactive and graphical modification of the fine mesh can be called from the fine mesh menu. Finally, the lens computation can be called. Our FEM program allows up to 8000 mesh points on an AT computer. Another menu allows the display of computed results stored in output files and graphical display of axial flux density, flux density in magnetic parts, and the flux lines in magnetic lenses - see fig. 2. A series of several lens excitations with user specified or default magnetization curves can be calculated and displayed in one session.

Preliminary Findings on the Use of Session Questionnaires to Improve Clinician-Client Alliance With Special Consideration to Clinical Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Anu Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Graduate Students ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Specific Feedback ◽  
Stakeholder Perspective

ASHA's focus on evidence-based practice (EBP) includes the family/stakeholder perspective as an important tenet in clinical decision making. The common factors model for treatment effectiveness postulates that clinician-client alliance positively impacts therapeutic outcomes and may be the most important factor for success. One strategy to improve alliance between a client and clinician is the use of outcome questionnaires. In the current study, eight parents of toddlers who attended therapy sessions at a university clinic responded to a session outcome questionnaire that included both rating scale and descriptive questions. Six graduate students completed a survey that included a question about the utility of the questionnaire. Results indicated that the descriptive questions added value and information compared to using only the rating scale. The students were varied in their responses regarding the effectiveness of the questionnaire to increase their comfort with parents. Information gathered from the questionnaire allowed for specific feedback to graduate students to change behaviors and created opportunities for general discussions regarding effective therapy techniques. In addition, the responses generated conversations between the client and clinician focused on clients' concerns. Involving the stakeholder in identifying both effective and ineffective aspects of therapy has advantages for clinical practice and education.

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