How to Set Up Stochastic Equations for Real World Processes: Markov–Einstein Time Scale

2019 ◽  
pp. 165-179
Author(s):  
M. Reza Rahimi Tabar
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Stochastic Equations ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals The Response to Stratospheric Forcing and Its Dependence on the State of the Troposphere

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 2107-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cegeon J. Chan ◽  
R. Alan Plumb
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Equilibrium Temperature ◽  
Intrinsic Variability ◽  
Winter Solstice ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation ◽  
Fluctuation Dissipation Theorem ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Leading Mode ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Hemisphere Winter

Abstract In simple GCMs, the time scale associated with the persistence of one particular phase of the model’s leading mode of variability can often be unrealistically large. In a particularly extreme example, the time scale in the Polvani–Kushner model is about an order of magnitude larger than the observed atmosphere. From the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, one implication of these simple models is that responses are exaggerated, since such setups are overly sensitive to any external forcing. Although the model’s equilibrium temperature is set up to represent perpetual Southern Hemisphere winter solstice, it is found that the tropospheric eddy-driven jet has a preference for two distinct regions: the subtropics and midlatitudes. Because of this bimodality, the jet persists in one region for thousands of days before “switching” to another. As a result, the time scale associated with the intrinsic variability is unrealistic. In this paper, the authors systematically vary the model’s tropospheric equilibrium temperature profile, one configuration being identical to that of Polvani and Kushner. Modest changes to the tropospheric state to either side of the parameter space removed the bimodality in the zonal-mean zonal jet’s spatial distribution and significantly reduced the time scale associated with the model’s internal mode. Consequently, the tropospheric response to the same stratospheric forcing is significantly weaker than in the Polvani and Kushner case.

scholarly journals Futurizing politics and the sustainability of real-world experiments: what role for innovation and exnovation in the German energy transition?

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 991-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin David ◽  
Matthias Gross
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Conceptual Strategy ◽  
Set Up

Abstract The German energy transition towards more sustainable forms of energy production has been characterized as a large-scale or real-world experiment. Whereas experiments are open-ended processes set up explicitly to allow (or even generate) surprises, by contrast sustainability implies the pursuit of clearly defined, normative ends. Whereas much of the literature on system transformation builds on the concept of innovation, our hypothesis is that focusing on the “natural” flipside of innovation—called here “exnovation,” i.e., departing from unsustainable pathways—should also be seen as a valuable conceptual strategy for coping with the tension between the unavoidable indeterminacy resulting from unknown risks and the necessary amendment and redefinition of goals and rules. In this paper the German energy transition (Energiewende) is used to exemplify the recursive processes of experimentation that make it possible to accommodate surprise, and, thus, to conceptualize the unavoidable tension between innovation and the maintenance of older, unsustainable structures.

Elementary derivation of the kinetic equation for the two-dimensional guiding centre plasma

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mond ◽  
Georg Knorr
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Equation ◽  
Langevin Equation ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Planck Equation ◽  
Stochastic Equations ◽  
Iteration Scheme ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hopf Equation ◽  
Rigorous Solution

A kinetic equation for a two-dimensional inviscid hydrodynamic fluid is derived in two ways. First, the equations of motion for the modes of the fluid are interpreted as stochastic equations resembling the Langevin equation. To lowest order a Fokker–Planck equation can be derived which is the kinetic equation for one mode. Secondly, a suitable iteration scheme is applied to the Hopf equation which results in the same kinetic equation. A parameter describing the time scale is arbitrary and cannot be determined by the applied methods alone. It is shown that the kinetic equation satisfies the conservation requirements and relaxes to an equilibrium which is a rigorous solution of the Hopf equation.

scholarly journals Evolutionary Effects in Contact Binaries

1982 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 275-278
Author(s):  
H. Mauder
Keyword(s):  
Time Scale ◽  
Thermal Equilibrium ◽  
Contact Discontinuity ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relaxation Oscillations ◽  
Satisfactory Model ◽  
Contact Binaries ◽  
Contact Binary ◽  
Set Up

The structure and evolution of contact binaries is an extremely difficult problem in theoretical astrophysics.Several attempts have been made to set up a satisfactory model, see e.g. Lucy,1976, Flannery, 1976, Shu, Lubow and Anderson, 1976, Robertson and Eggleton, 1977, Rahunen and Vilhu, 1977 and others. There are, roughly, two lines of sight: Shu, Lubow and Anderson postulate the existence of a contact discontinuity in one of the two components of a contact binary (DSC Theory); in this case age zero models in thermal equilibrium are possible. The other authors find that unevolved contact binaries cannot achieve thermal equilibrium; therefore, relaxation oscillations on a thermal time scale are expected (TRO Theory). For a detailed discussion of the different effects see Lucy and Wilson,1979.

scholarly journals Carboplatin with intravenous and subsequent oral administration of vinorelbine in resected non-small-cell-lung cancer in real-world set-up

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. e0181803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vítězslav Kolek ◽  
Ivona Grygárková ◽  
Leona Koubková ◽  
Jana Skřičková ◽  
Jiřina Švecová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Real World ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Set Up

scholarly journals Steering Parameters for Rock Grouting

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Gustafson ◽  
Johan Claesson ◽  
Åsa Fransson
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Flow ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Bingham Fluid ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Fracture Aperture ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Maximum Penetration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Effective Design

In Swedish tunnel grouting practice normally a fan of boreholes is drilled ahead of the tunnel front where cement grout is injected in order to create a low permeability zone around the tunnel. Demands on tunnel tightness have increased substantially in Sweden, and this has led to a drastic increase of grouting costs. Based on the flow equations for a Bingham fluid, the penetration of grout as a function of grouting time is calculated. This shows that the time scale of grouting in a borehole is only determined by grouting overpressure and the rheological properties of the grout, thus parameters that the grouter can choose. Pressure, grout properties, and the fracture aperture determine the maximum penetration of the grout. The smallest fracture aperture that requires to be sealed thus also governs the effective borehole distance. Based on the identified parameters that define the grouting time-scale and grout penetration, an effective design of grouting operations can be set up. The solution for time as a function of penetration depth is obtained in a closed form for parallel and pipe flow. The new, more intricate, solution for the radial case is presented.

scholarly journals An overview of augmented visualization: observing the real world as desired

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Mori ◽  
Hideo Saito
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Objects ◽  
Point Image ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Background Image

Over 20 years have passed since a free-viewpoint video technology has been proposed with which a user's viewpoint can be freely set up in a reconstructed three-dimensional space of a target scene photographed by multi-view cameras. This technology allows us to capture and reproduce the real world as recorded. Once we capture the world in a digital form, we can modify it as augmented reality (i.e., placing virtual objects in the digitized real world). Unlike this concept, the augmented world allows us to see through real objects by synthesizing the backgrounds that cannot be observed in our raw perspective directly. The key idea is to generate the background image using multi-view cameras, observing the backgrounds at different positions and seamlessly overlaying the recovered image in our digitized perspective. In this paper, we review such desired view-generation techniques from the perspective of free-view point image generation and discuss challenges and open problems through a case study of our implementations.

Application and Research of Superfine Wood Powder Disintegrator with Multi- Granularity Based on AR Technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 295-297 ◽  
pp. 1389-1392
Author(s):  
Lan Yu Yang ◽  
Xiao Feng Bao
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Display Device ◽  
Wood Powder ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Environment ◽  
Sensory Effects ◽  
Virtualization Technology ◽  
Set Up

AR technology can supplement and strengthen the real world, instead of using a virtualization technology to create a completely virtual world to replace the real world. AR technology is introduced during process of designing wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity, then three-dimensional entity model for the wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity has been established, and enhanced visual system for the wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity is set up. Through introduction of the AR design technology, 3D model can be do dynamic interaction rendering, then demonstration effect of superfine wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity may achieve enhanced effects, and “wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity” can be put in the real environment, and the virtual objects can be merged together the real environment through display device, a new environment for sensory effects is shown to the users. It has many advantages such as accelerating design, manufacture and debugging process for wood powder disintegrator with multi-granularity, at the same time, it can save manufacture cost.

scholarly journals A HANDS-ON GRADUATE EXERCISE IN HORTICULTURAL PLANT AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH METHODS

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1126b-1126
Author(s):  
L. Art Spomer ◽  
Sharon L. Knight ◽  
Mary Ann Lila Smith
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Individual Responsibility ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Horticultural Plant ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Horticultural Research

Horticulture Research Methodology courses are an important if not essential introduction to research for beginning graduate students. Such courses are often characterized by presentation of a series of experimental techniques, lacking continuity and out of context with real-world research situations. In the described course, students gained expertise with a range of environmental and plant measurement techniques within the framework of a semester-long experiment. The experimental techniques were introduced and incorporated into the experiment at appropriate stages. Each student engaged in hands-on participation in development of a proposal; experimental set up, implementation, and daily maintenance; and data accumulation, analysis, and reporting (in HortScience manuscript format). In addition to direct experience with all subject techniques, each student had individual responsibility for characterization of a. selected plant (or environmental) parameter. This format successfully accomplished the provision of direct and coherent experience with a wide variety of important horticultural research techniques within a real-world setting.

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