Intelligent Invocation: Towards Designing Context-Aware User Assistance Systems Based on Real-Time Eye Tracking Data Analysis

Second language (L2) researchers are becoming more interested in both L2 learners’ knowledge of the target language and how that knowledge is put to use during real-time language processing. Researchers are therefore beginning to see the importance of combining traditional L2 research methods with those that capture the moment-by-moment interpretation of the target language, such as eye-tracking. The major benefit of the eye-tracking method is that it can tap into real-time (or online) comprehension processes during the uninterrupted processing of the input, and thus, the data can be compared to those elicited by other, more metalinguistic tasks to offer a broader picture of language acquisition and processing. In this article, we present an overview of the eye-tracking technique and illustrate the method with L2 studies that show how eye-tracking data can be used to (a) investigate language-related topics and (b) inform key debates in the fields of L2 acquisition and L2 processing.

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The Power of Eye Tracking in Economics Experiments

The American Economic Review ◽

10.1257/aer.p20161009 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 106 (5) ◽

pp. 309-313 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Joanna N. Lahey ◽

Douglas Oxley

Keyword(s):

Economic Theory ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Data Management ◽

Tracking Data ◽

Eye Tracker ◽

Hiring Decisions ◽

Economics Experiments ◽

Set Up ◽

Tracking Technology

Eye tracking is a technology that tracks eye activity including how long and where a participant is looking. As eye tracking technology has improved and become more affordable its use has expanded. We discuss how to design, implement, and analyze an experiment using this technology to study economic theory. Using our experience fielding an experiment to study hiring decisions we guide the reader through how to choose an eye tracker, concerns with participants and set-up, types of outputs, limitations of eye tracking, data management and data analysis. We conclude with suggestions for combining eye tracking with other measurements.

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pyarbus: a Python library for eye tracking data analysis

Journal of Vision ◽

10.1167/13.15.54 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. P19-P19

Author(s):

P. Ivanov

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Tracking Data

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Analyzing Stimuli Presentations and Exit-Interview Protocols to Improve Wearable Eye-Tracking Data Collection Guidelines for Reading Research

International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching ◽

10.4018/ijcallt.2021040104 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 51-65

Author(s):

Hazita Azman ◽

Warid Mihat ◽

Or Kan Soh

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Data Collection ◽

Eye Tracking ◽

Primary School ◽

Single Point ◽

Exit Interview ◽

Tracking Data ◽

Authentic Materials ◽

Preliminary Study ◽

Made In

Setting up an eye tracking experiment involves multitier processes that cover important issues such as developing the data collection guidelines, establishing data analysis protocols, and giving meaning to data. Although eye tracking handbooks have established imperative discussion on how the data should be analysed and written, there is still a dearth in the literature on data collection guidelines caused by the variety of features in different kinds of eye trackers. In this study, the researchers review the use of a wearable eye tracking apparatus with authentic materials and interview protocols. Exemplified through a preliminary study conducted on Year Six students in a primary school that investigates the internal processes of reading ESL texts, the significance and implications of using a wearable eye-tracking apparatus with a single point calibration are reported to improve the data collection guidelines. Relatedly, considerations for research procedures and instrument designs are also made in this paper.

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