Natural Products as Possible Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases and Cancer

AbstractFor the past 2 years, the coronavirus responsible for the COVID-19 infection has become a world pandemic, ruining the lives and economies of several nations in the world. This has scaled up research on the virus and the resulting infection with the goal of developing new vaccines and therapies. Natural products are known to be a rich source of lead compounds for drug discovery, including against infectious diseases caused by microbes (viruses, bacteria and fungi). In this review article, we conducted a literature survey aimed at identifying natural products with inhibitory concentrations against the coronaviruses or their target proteins, which lie below 10 µM. This led to the identification of 42 compounds belonging to the alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, phenolic, xanthone and saponin classes. The cut off concentration of 10 µM was to limit the study to the most potent chemical entities, which could be developed into therapies against the viral infection to make a contribution towards limiting the spread of the disease.

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Update on Medicinal Plants with Potency onMycobacterium ulcerans

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/917086 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou ◽

Alexander Kwadwo Nyarko ◽

Regina Appiah-Opong ◽

Lauve Rachel Tchokouaha Yamthe ◽

Mark Ofosuhene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Mycobacterium Ulcerans ◽

Herbal Remedies ◽

Community Based ◽

Remote Areas ◽

Inhibitory Potential

Mycobacterium ulceransdisease has been a serious threat for people living in rural remote areas. Due to poverty or availability of traditional medicine these populations rely on herbal remedies. Currently, data on the anti-Mycobacterium ulceransactivity of plants, so far considered community-based knowledge, have been scientifically confirmed, concomitantly with some medicinal plants used to treat infectious diseases in general. Products derived from plants usually responsible for the biological properties may potentially controlMycobacterium ulceransdisease; numerous studies have aimed to describe the chemical composition of these plant antimicrobials. Thus, the present work provides the first compilation of medicinal plants that demonstrated inhibitory potential onMycobacterium ulcerans. This work shows that the natural products represent potential alternatives to standard therapies for use as curative medicine forMycobacterium ulceransdisease.

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Recent Advances of Vaccine Adjuvants for Infectious Diseases

Immune Network ◽

10.4110/in.2015.15.2.51 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 51 ◽

Cited By ~ 151

Author(s):

Sujin Lee ◽

Minh Trang Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Vaccine Adjuvants ◽

Recent Advances

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Flagellin A Toll-Like Receptor 5 Agonist as an Adjuvant in Chicken Vaccines

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00669-13 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 261-270 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Shishir Kumar Gupta ◽

Preety Bajwa ◽

Rajib Deb ◽

Madhan Mohan Chellappa ◽

Sohini Dey

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Immune Cells ◽

Cytokine Production ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Innate Immune Cells ◽

Vaccine Adjuvants ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Absolute Requirement ◽

Toll Like Receptor 5 ◽

Potential Use

ABSTRACTChicken raised under commercial conditions are vulnerable to environmental exposure to a number of pathogens. Therefore, regular vaccination of the flock is an absolute requirement to prevent the occurrence of infectious diseases. To combat infectious diseases, vaccines require inclusion of effective adjuvants that promote enhanced protection and do not cause any undesired adverse reaction when administered to birds along with the vaccine. With this perspective in mind, there is an increased need for effective better vaccine adjuvants. Efforts are being made to enhance vaccine efficacy by the use of suitable adjuvants, particularly Toll-like receptor (TLR)-based adjuvants. TLRs are among the types of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved pathogen molecules. A number of studies have documented the effectiveness of flagellin as an adjuvant as well as its ability to promote cytokine production by a range of innate immune cells. This minireview summarizes our current understanding of flagellin action, its role in inducing cytokine response in chicken cells, and the potential use of flagellin as well as its combination with other TLR ligands as an adjuvant in chicken vaccines.

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Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoid-Rich Fractions Of Citrus Maxima Peel Extract

Stannum : Jurnal Sains dan Terapan Kimia ◽

10.33019/jstk.v2i2.1977 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 16-21

Author(s):

Reh Malem Br Karo ◽

Putranto Manalu ◽

Jhon Patar Sinurat

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Natural Products ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Solvent Fractionation ◽

Citrus Maxima ◽

Peel Extract

Natural products can be used as an alternative in the treatment of various diseases such as infectious diseases due to the bioactive compounds contained therein. Moreover nowdays, there are many antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infectious diseases. Citrus maxima is one of the natural products. Citrus maxima have been used for many diseases in traditional medicine.The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of flavonoid-rich fractions of citrus maxima peel extract. The bioactive compounds contained in Citrus maxima peel were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water and ethyl acetate obtained ethyl acetate fraction. In this fraction, the TLC test was carried out to confirm the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antibacterial activity testing for ethyl acetate fraction against S.aureus and E.coli was determined by disk diffusion method with concentration of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The ciprofloxacin and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate fraction ( flavonoid-rich fractions) Of Citrus Maxima has potential as antibacterial for bacterial S.aureus and E.coli with medium inhibitory ability in all of concentration ranges. The highest inhibition zone for S.aureus was found at a concentration of 100 ppm while for E.coli was at a concentration of 75 ppm.

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Advances in Vaccine Adjuvants For Infectious Diseases

Current HIV Research ◽

10.2174/1570162033485195 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 309-320 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Manmohan Singh ◽

Indresh Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Infectious Diseases ◽

Vaccine Adjuvants

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Role of Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 in Pathogenesis of Diseases and Remedy for the Diseases from Natural Products

Current Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1389450115666140903110724 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 973-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Katsuhiko Takahashi ◽

Taiki Shimizu ◽

Keita Kosaka ◽

Masafumi Hidaka ◽

Chiyoko Uchida ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Natural Products ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Clinical Medicine ◽

3D Structure ◽

Screening Methods ◽

Prolyl Isomerase ◽

Phosphorylated Proteins ◽

Human Ortholog

The peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1, the human ortholog of yeast Ess1 specifically isomerizes peptide bindings of pSer/pThr-Pro residues in various proteins, and regulates the expression levels and functions of phosphorylated proteins. Activation of Pin1 is associated with pathology of a variety of diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, infectious diseases and so on. Therefore, regulatory compounds for Pin1 can be applied as a clinical medicine against these diseases. Many chemists have exerted themselves to synthesize the inhibitors based on the 3D structure of Pin1. We have screened for the inhibitors against Pin1 from the natural products including the functional foods. Here we review the Pin1-associated pathology and the known inhibitors identified from natural products. And we introduce the screening methods targeting Pin1 activity.

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