scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoid-Rich Fractions Of Citrus Maxima Peel Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Reh Malem Br Karo ◽  
Putranto Manalu ◽  
Jhon Patar Sinurat
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Solvent Fractionation ◽  
Citrus Maxima ◽  
Peel Extract

Natural products can be used as an alternative in the treatment of various diseases such as infectious diseases due to the bioactive compounds contained therein. Moreover nowdays, there are many antibiotic resistance in the treatment of infectious diseases. Citrus maxima is one of the natural products. Citrus maxima have been used for many diseases in traditional medicine.The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of flavonoid-rich fractions of citrus maxima peel extract. The bioactive compounds contained in  Citrus maxima peel were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water and ethyl acetate obtained ethyl acetate fraction. In this fraction, the TLC test was carried out to confirm the presence of phenolic and flavonoid compounds. The antibacterial activity testing for ethyl acetate fraction  against S.aureus and E.coli was determined  by disk diffusion method with concentration of 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 75 ppm and 100 ppm. The ciprofloxacin and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. The result of this study showed that ethyl acetate fraction ( flavonoid-rich fractions) Of Citrus Maxima has potential as antibacterial for bacterial S.aureus and E.coli with medium inhibitory ability in all of concentration ranges. The highest inhibition zone for S.aureus  was found  at a concentration of 100 ppm while for E.coli was at a concentration of 75 ppm.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN FRAKSI KULIT BATANG BELIMBING WULUH (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Klebsiella pneumoniae DAN Staphylococcus epidermidis BESERTA BIOAUTOGRAFINYA

Biomedika ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhtadi , MSi. ◽  
Ria Ambarwati ◽  
Ratna Yuliani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction

Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) is a tropical plant that has antibacterial properties. The purpose of this study was to test the antibacterial activity of bark Belimbing wuluh against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis and their bioautography. Extraction methods used to research is method maceration with a solvent ethanol 96 %. Fractinations done by method partition liquid-liquid with a separating funnel. Test performed in this research covering identi� cation bacteria, the sensitivity bacteria, antibacterial activity, thin layer chromatography, bioautography. The result of antibacterial activity ethanol extract of disk diffusion method with concentrations 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8±0,5; 10,34±0,58; 12,17±0,76 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 10,17±0,29; 11±0; 11.5±0 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, n-hexane fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,34±0,29; 9,34±0,29; 10,84±0,76 on Klebsialla pneumoniae, 8,5±0,5; 9,34±0,29; 10,67±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethyl acetate fraction with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/disk, 1600 μg/disk is 9,17±0,29; 10,34±0,29; 11,17±0,29 on Klebsiella pneumoniae and 9,5±0,5; 10,67±0,29; 12,67±1,26 on Staphylococcus epidermidis, ethanol-water fractions with concentration 400 μg/disk, 800 μg/ disk, 1600 μg/disk is 8,17±0,29; 9,17±0,29; 10±0 on Klebsiella pneumoniae, 9±0; 9,67±0,29; 10,34±0,29 on Staphylococcus epidermidis. The TLC show chemical compounds contained in the ethanol extract, n-heksan fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and ethanol-water fraction is a compound of the saponins, alkaloids, � avonoids and phenolic. Bioautography showed that ethanol extracts, n-heksan faction, ethyl acetate fraction, and etanol-airfaction Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.) bark have not antibacterial activity because there is no clear area around on plate TLC.Keywords: Belimbing wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn.), ethanol extract, fractination, antibacterial, bioautogra� .

AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI DAN ANALISIS KLT-BIOAUTOGRAFI DARI FRAKSI DAUN MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.)

PHARMACON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Ayu Natasya Paputungan ◽  
Widya Astuty Lolo ◽  
Imam Jayanto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Tlc Bioautography ◽  
Fractionation Method

Mangosteen leaves have flavonoid compounds, tannins, and saponins that can be efficacious as antibacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the fraction of mangosteen leaves having an antibacterial effect and knowing the class of compounds identified as having antibacterial activity after TLC- Bioautography testing was carried out. The samples were extracted using 96% maceratarion method and fractioned using liquid-liquid fractionation method with methanol, n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvents, antibacterial activity using agar diffusion method (Kirby and Bauer) with 3 concetrations namely 10%, 20% and 30%. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) uses n-hexane and chloroform solvens. TLC-Bioautography uses contact bioautography methods. The resultd showed that mangosteen leaves in methanol fraction with a concentration of 30% had a very large inhibitory activity again Staphylococcus aureus and ethyl acetate fraction with a concentration of 30% had the gratest antibacterial activity against  Escherichia coli. The results of the TLC- Bioautography study showed that the flavonoids compounds after spraying with AlCl3 and the mangosteen leaf Biosutography test had inhibitory zone activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Keywords: Mangosteen Leaves. Antibacterial, TLC Bioautography.  ABSTRAK Daun manggis mempunyai senyawa flavonoid, tanin, dan saponin yang dapat berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi daun manggis memiliki efek antibakteri dan mengetahui golongan senyawa yang teridentifikasi memiliki aktivitas antibakteri setelah dilakukan pengujian KLT Bioautografi. Sampel diektrak dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut 96% dan difraksinasi dengan metode  fraksinasi cair-cair dengan pelarut metanol, n-heksan dan etil asetat, aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar (Kirby and Bauer) dengan 3 kosentrasi yaitu 10%, 20% dan 30%. Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menggunakan pelarut n-heksan dan klorofom. KLT-Bioautografi menggunakan metode bioautografi kontak. Hasil penelitian menunjukan daun manggis pada fraksi metanol  dengan kosentrasi 30% memiliki aktivitas zona hambat ppaling besar terhadapat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan fraksi etil asetat dengan kosentrasi 30% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling besar terhadap  Escherichia coli. Hasil penelitian KLT-Bioautografi menunjukan golongan senyawa flavonoid setelah disemprotkan dengan AlCl3 dan uji Bioautografi daun manggis memiliki aktivitas zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Kata kunci : Daun Manggis, Antibakteri, KLT- Bioautografi.

scholarly journals SKRINING AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI FRAKSI EKSTRAK ETANOL KERNEL BIJI BUAH LIMUS (Mangifera foetida Lour.) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureusDAN Escherichia coli

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Nurviana
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Tetracycline Hcl

<p class="Default"><em>Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour.) Is one of the local Indonesian fruits of the anacardiaceae family. Limus contain secondary metabolites that have pharmacological effects, including the kernel waste of the seeds of the fruit. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli on the fraction of kernel seed of limus fruits ethanolic extract in invitro using solid diffusion method with positive control Tetracycline HCl. The extraction process was carried out by maceration method, then fractionation was obtained to obtain the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction. Based on the result of the research, the fraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of kernel ethanol extract limus fruit seed have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The highest activity was shown by fraction of ethyl acetate with minimum killing concentration (KBM) to Staphylococcus aureus was 5% with diameter equal to 4,33 ± 1.17 mm equal to 30,27 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl, and KBM value to Escherichia coli.4% (7.60 ± 0.14) mm equivalent to 26, 04 μg / mL Tetracycline HCl.<br /> <br /> <strong></strong></em></p><p class="Default"><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Antibacterial, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Kernel, M. foetida.</em></p>

scholarly journals Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Fraksi Etil Asetat dan n-Heksana dari Daun Mangga Kasturi (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.)

KOVALEN ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-233
Author(s):  
Dwi Lestari ◽  
Desy Fitriani ◽  
Serli Anngraeni
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Mango Leaves ◽  
Weak Antibacterial Activity

Kasturi mango (Mangifera casturi Kosterm.) is a typical mango of South Kalimantan. Kasturi mango leaves are reported to have antioxidant activity and are potential for treating various diseases, including diseases related to antibacterial. This study examines the antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction and the n-hexane fraction of mango musk leaves on bacteria that cause acne. Experimental research started with plant determination, making extracts and fractions, phytochemical screening, and antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes using the disk diffusion method. The study results found that the ethyl acetate and n-hexane fractions had weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus and P. acnes bacteria, which cause acne

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT BANANA STONE AND MECHANISM

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Panal Sitorus ◽  
Dwi Suryanto, Hepni
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Cellular Metabolite ◽  
Cell Leakage

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the strength of antibacterial activity of the fraction of banana stone and its mechanism.Methods: The antibacterial activity test was performed using the diffusion method by measuring the diameter of the clear zone around the disc paper.Results: The results of antibacterial activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction was more effective against bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Propionibacterium acnes compared to n-hexane fraction.Conclusion: The resulting cellular metabolite leak showed that cell leakage in the three bacteria due to ethyl acetate fraction had leaked more protein than nucleic acid, while the leakage of more dissolved K+ ion than Ca2 + ions.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ROBUSTA COFFEE (COFFEA CANEPHORA L.) LEAVES TO STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ESCHERICHIA COLI

2019 ◽  
pp. 113-115
Author(s):  
ZAMHARIRA MUSLIM ◽  
YONANIKO DEPHINTO
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Robusta Coffee

Objective: This research aims to analyze the ability of robusta coffee leaves fraction extract to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and also determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Methods: Antibacterial activity evaluated by the disc diffusion method observed in four types of fraction of extract robusta coffee leaves (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water). Each extract divided into three various concentrations, 5%, 10%, and 15%. Determination of antimicrobial activity in vitro by the disk diffusion method. Results: Ethyl acetate fraction of coffee leaves extract produced the largest diameter zone of inhibition of bacterial growth compared to other extraction fractions of 17.28 mm in E. coli and 18.58 mm in S. aureus. The MIC of coffee leaves extract fraction water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane on E. coli and S. aureus is 5%, while the fraction ethanol MIC is 10%. Conclusion: The antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate fraction of coffee leaves extract showed an antibacterial effect that was better than the fraction of n-hexane, ethanol, and water.

scholarly journals Potential of Antibacterial Compounds from Sweet Root Extract (Glycyrrhiza glabra L) on Bacillus cereus

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Gandi Sogandi ◽  
Wan Syurya Tri Darma ◽  
Raudatul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Herbal Plants ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L

The high number of poisoning food and diarrheal diseases caused by Bacillus cereus bacteria has been treated with chemical drugs and traditionally herbal plants. One of the commonly used herbal plants is sweet root (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.). This study aims to extract and fractionate sweet root plants, determine the antibacterial activity and identify the types of bioactive compounds as antibacterial compounds. The extraction process uses a maceration technique and fractionation using buthanol, ethyl acetate, and hexan solvents. Antibacterial activity was carry out by the diffusion method and identification of bioactive compounds by GCMS analysis. This study showed that greatest antibacterial activity was found in ethyl acetate fraction with a strong category and MIC value of 12,5%. This study for the first time also revealed that the types of bioactive compounds from sweet root plants (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) as antibacterial compounds are n-Hexadecanoic as a fatty acid group and 4H-Pyran 4-one 2.3 dihydro-3, 5-dihydroxy-6 methyl from the flavonoid group.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Arbutus pavarii Pamp against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and UHPLC-MS/MS Profile of the Bioactive Fraction

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1539
Author(s):  
Nawal Buzgaia ◽  
Tahani Awin ◽  
Fakhri Elabbar ◽  
Khaled Abdusalam ◽  
Soo Yee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Bioactive Fraction

Arbutus pavarii Pamp is a medicinal plant commonly used by local tribes in East Libya for the treatment of many diseases, such as gastritis, renal infections, cancer and kidney diseases. In this study, the antibacterial activity of the leaf and stem bark extracts of the plant against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the metabolite profiles of the bioactive fractions, was investigated. The antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), while the microbial reduction by the bioactive fraction was evaluated using time–kill test. The bioactive fraction was further subjected to ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis to putatively identify the chemical constituents contained therein. All the extracts and fractions showed different levels of antibacterial activity on the tested MRSA strains. The highest total antibacterial activity, i.e., 4007.6 mL/g, was exhibited by the crude leaf methanolic extract. However, the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaf showed moderate to significant antibacterial activity against MRSA at low MIC (0.08–1.25 mg/mL). Metabolite profiling of this fraction using UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS resulted in the putative identification of 28 compounds, which included phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Arbutus pavarii leaf possessed potential antibacterial activity against MRSA and hence can be further explored for pharmaceutical applications as a natural antibacterial agent.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF SARANG SEMUT (MYRMECODIA PENDANS) FRACTIONS USING THREE DIFFERENT SOLVENTS TOWARD ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CPS2

2020 ◽  
pp. 271-275
Author(s):  
CIPTADHI TRI OKA BINARTHA ◽  
ENDANG SUPRASTIWI ◽  
DIDIK KURNIA ◽  
ANGGRAINI MARGONO ◽  
DEWA AYU NYOMAN PUTRI ARTININGSIH
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fractions ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Objective: This study investigated the effect of antibacterial activity from sarang semut fractions with three different solvents, i.e. nonpolar (n-hexane),semipolar (ethyl acetate), and polar (water), to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Enterococcus faecalis cps2.Methods: The fractions were extracted with a maceration method and a methanol solvent. The fractionation was performed with three groupsof solvent to obtain the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. The active compound from the best fraction group was identified using aphytochemical test, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry, and thin-layer chromatography. Each fraction group was divided into five differentconcentrations, i.e. 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% and was assessed against E. faecalis cps2 with an agar diffusion method. Chlorhexidine 2% wasused as a positive control. The width of the inhibition zone was calculated.Results: The ethyl acetate group had the biggest inhibition zone of 21 mm in diameter compared to n-hexane and water, which was 15 mm and19 mm in diameter, respectively. The MIC value of the fraction with a 20% concentration of ethyl acetate was significantly different (P < 0.05) from then-hexane and water solvents in inhibiting the growth of E. faecalis cps2.Conclusion: The ethyl acetate fraction of sarang semut had a greater inhibitory effect on E. faecalis cps2. In addition, the antibacterial activity of thefraction increased with an increase in concentration.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Allium ascalonicum Linn Fractions A562275sal from the Palu Valley against Shigella dysenteriae

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Akhmad Khumaidi ◽  
Kumalahayati Maulina ◽  
Arsa Wahyu Nugrahani
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Antibacterial Material

Shallot (Allium ascalonicum Linn.) is one of the typical plants of Central Sulawesi which is used as traditional medicine such as to treat infectious diseases. This study aims to determine the fractions that have high activity from bulbs and leaves in inhibiting the growth of Shigella dysenteriae bacteria and determining the organic compounds that have antibacterial activities. Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol 96% for both samples. Liquid-liquid fractionation was used as a fractionation method using hexane, ethyl acetate and water  solvents, sequenly. The antibacterial activity test used the diffusion method with the pile technique and TLC-bioautography. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction gave the highest activity of bulbs samples, while in leaves samples ethyl acetate fraction and hexane fraction were able to provide good inhibitory activity. The organic compounds were identified by thin layer chromatography method. Flavonoids compounds have identified for bulbs samples (Rf 0.18). In the leaves samples, steroids compounds were identified in the ethyl acetate fraction (Rf 0.62) and terpenoid compounds (Rf 0.48) in the hexane fraction. Based on the result, the shallot is potentially be developed as an antibacterial material.

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