Sustainability Assessments of Urban Railway Systems: Case Study Evaluations in Turkey

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-104
Author(s):  
Müge Yüksel ◽  
Ali Murat Tanyer ◽  
Mehmet Koray Pekeriçli
Keyword(s):  
Railway Systems ◽  
Sustainability Assessments

Software-Based Self-Test for Reliable Applications in Railway Systems

2012 ◽  
pp. 198-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Benso ◽  
Stefano Di Carlo ◽  
Alessandro Savino
Keyword(s):  
Test Solution ◽  
Test Coverage ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway System ◽  
On Line ◽  
Self Test

The very strict safety standards, which must be guaranteed in a railway system, make the testing of all electronic components a unique and challenging case study. Software-based self-test represents a very attractive test solution to cope with the problem of on-line and off-line testing of microprocessor-based systems. It makes it possible to deeply test hardware components without introducing extra hardware and stressing the system in its operational condition. This chapter overviews the basic principles of software-based self-test techniques, focusing on a set of best practices to be applied in writing, verifying and computing the final test coverage of high-quality test programs for railway systems.

scholarly journals Sustainability Analysis of Competition in Public Transport Systems: A Comparative Case Study in Hungary and Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Time Of Travel ◽  
A Current

Ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in European (especially in the middle, south and east part) regional passenger transport is a current problem. Long term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport requires a balanced transport policy. These subsectors need to be complement each other, not compete. The parallel bus and railway links can result in a competition. This research explores solutions to this issue for long term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. Some of the important factors include the number of inhabitants to be served, public transport availability, and efficiency in time of travel for vehicles and passengers. To ensure long term sustainability of the presented methodology, the effect of interventions was analyzed. The study compares Finland and Hungary in terms of the competition regional railway and bus links.

TOTAL PRODUCTIVE MAINTENANCE IN THE RAILWAY SYSTEM

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane da Silva Christo ◽  
Leandro Paixão Petruccelli ◽  
Kelly Alonso Costa
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Total Productive Maintenance ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Production Improvement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Railway System

This study aims to evaluate the need for a change in the maintenance philosophy used for the permanent route of the railway concession that provides the service for rail passengers in a metropolitan region. It also examines the need for production improvement, due to the requirement for a change in the rolling stock. The technique of total productive maintenance and its indicators are applied to evaluate the procedure for replacement of sleepers in narrow gauge lines. The history of the railway in Brazil is also presented, together with citations on the components of railway systems, the permanent way and a case study showing the strategy chosen in order to reduce the time for improvements by more than 10%.

Metrics-Based Sustainability Evaluation of Manufacturing Technologies: Surface Coating Case Study

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Z. Yang ◽  
B. H. Chua
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Sustainable Manufacturing ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Sustainability Evaluation ◽  
Environmental Evaluation ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Sustainability Assessments ◽  
Selection Of

Sustainability evaluation of manufacturing technologies is a vital part of decision process in sustainable manufacturing, particularly for decisions on transfer/adoption of new sustainable manufacturing innovations. This paper highlights a study on metrics-based sustainability evaluation of technologies in manufacturing, with emphasis on the technical, economical and environmental sustainability assessments. On the basis of three types of sustainability evaluation metrics proposed in this paper, our study integrates technology assessment, cost analysis and environmental evaluation to support decision-making for selection of sustainable manufacturing processes. Case studies about sol-gel coating and powder coating are explored in the paper to test the proposed sustainability evaluation methods and metrics. The assessment results provide quantitative justifications used in technology transfer of the new sol-gel coating innovations. The results also help potential technology adopters to reduce their implementation risks of the sol-gel coating process in automotive decorative applications.

MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE IN A RAILWAY SIGNAL BOX — A CASE STUDY

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 285-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEFAN NISKA ◽  
HÅKAN SCHUNNESSON ◽  
UDAY KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Real System ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
New Information ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Railway Signal ◽  
Railway Signalling ◽  
And Control

In general railway infrastructure operates in a complex and non homogeneous environment where low power electronics has to function in the similar environment as large voltages and currents from the trains. The environment close to the railway tracks is heavily polluted by electromagnetic (EM) noise from the railway systems itself. The reliability of the railway signalling-, communication-, and control system depends on the degree of isolation from EM noise. It is important to observe the real system and its characteristics in real situation. The complexity of the infrastructure is not easy to simulate or calculate, and therefore measurements were performed on real system in operation. A large number of measurements were made on site at signalling systems and installations of Banverket (the Swedish Rail Administration). By studying and analyzing these measurements, the extent of EMI (Electromagnetic interferences) -related faults can be estimated. In situ measurements must be performed on systems that have obvious problems show increasingly fast and high transients in a DC signalling subsystem. The statistics also show an increased activity of transients during a period before a certain circuit in this system gets out of order. The presented results clearly show how the electromagnets interference effects he signalling system in a signalling box. The measurements in this case study have provided new information on a railway subsystem and have revealed frequencies that are difficult to explain at this moment.

scholarly journals An approach for comparing agricultural development to societal visions

2022 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Helfenstein ◽  
Vasco Diogo ◽  
Matthias Bürgi ◽  
Peter H. Verburg ◽  
Beatrice Schüpbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
The Past ◽  
Normative Dimension ◽  
Agroecological Movement ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Sustainability Assessments

AbstractThere is broad agreement that agriculture has to become more sustainable in order to provide enough affordable, healthy food at minimal environmental and social costs. But what is “more sustainable”? More often than not, different stakeholders have opposing opinions on what a more sustainable future should look like. This normative dimension is rarely explicitly addressed in sustainability assessments. In this study, we present an approach to assess the sustainability of agricultural development that explicitly accounts for the normative dimension by comparing observed development with various societal visions. We illustrate the approach by analyzing farm- and landscape-scale development as well as sustainability outcomes in a Swiss case study landscape. Observed changes were juxtaposed with desired changes by Avenir Suisse, a liberal think tank representing free-market interests; the Swiss Farmers Association, representing a conservative force; and Landwirtschaft mit Zukunft, an exponent of the Swiss agroecological movement. Overall, the observed developments aligned most closely with desired developments of the liberal think-tank (72%). Farmer interviews revealed that in the case study area farms increased in size (+ 57%) and became more specialized and more productive (+ 223%) over the past 20 years. In addition, interpretation of aerial photographs indicated that farming became more rationalized at the landscape level, with increasing field sizes (+ 34%) and removal of solitary field trees (− 18%). The case study example highlights the varying degrees to which current developments in agriculture align with societal visions. By using societal visions as benchmarks to track the progress of agricultural development, while explicitly addressing their narratives and respective systems of values and norms, this approach offers opportunities to inform also the wider public on the extent to which current developments are consistent with different visions. This could help identify mismatches between desired and actual development and pave the way for designing new policies.

scholarly journals Exergy-Based Life Cycle Assessment of Buildings: Case Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 11682
Author(s):  
Martin Nwodo ◽  
Chimay Anumba
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Comparison Of Results ◽  
Sustainability Assessments

The relevance of exergy to the life cycle assessment (LCA) of buildings has been studied regarding its potential to solve certain challenges in LCA, such as the characterization and valuation, accuracy of resource use, and interpretation and comparison of results. However, this potential has not been properly investigated using case studies. This study develops an exergy-based LCA method and applies it to three case-study buildings to explore its benefits. The results provide evidence that the theoretical benefits of exergy-based LCA as against a conventional LCA can be achieved. These include characterization and valuation benefits, accuracy, and enabling the comparison of environmental impacts. With the results of the exergy-based LCA method in standard metrics, there is now a mechanism for the competitive benchmarking of building sustainability assessments. It is concluded that the exergy-based life cycle assessment method has the potential to solve the characterization and valuation problems in the conventional life-cycle assessment of buildings, with local and global significance.

A Variable No-Load Voltage Scheme for Improving Energy Efficiency in DC-Electrified Mass Transit Systems

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro J. López-López ◽  
Lars Abrahamsson ◽  
Ramón R. Pecharromán ◽  
Antonio Fernández-Cardador ◽  
Paloma Cucala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Mass Transit ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Transit Systems ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
High Investment

Railway mass transit systems like subways play a fundamental role in the concept of sustainable cities. In these systems, the amount of passengers strongly fluctuates along the day. Hence, in order to provide a proper service without incurring disproportionate energy consumption, operation at different traffic densities is required. The majority of underground systems are DC-electrified. Standard DC voltages in railway systems are low for historical and safety reasons. In the rush hours, the large number of trains demanding power of the system may lead to overloaded substations and voltage dips. This problem is partially mitigated by means of substation-transformer tap regulation, which allows operators to increase the no-load voltage. High no-load voltage has a beneficial effect at all traffic-density scenarios in terms of transmission losses. However, at the same time it effectively reduces the system’s capacity to absorb regenerated energy, which may lead to inefficient energy consumption figures during off-peak hours. In this paper, the sensitivity of system energy consumption to no-load voltage has been analyzed. Several traffic-density scenarios in a case-study system are explored. As a result, a scheduled no-load voltage scheme is proposed for the operation of the system. This operation strategy improves energy efficiency without incurring a high investment cost. The only costs related to this proposed method are the costs of wear-and-tear in tap-changers. In case there are devices such as energy storage systems installed in the system, there would be additional operation costs related to a simultaneous update of the voltage limits for their operation.

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