scholarly journals Sustainability Analysis of Competition in Public Transport Systems: A Comparative Case Study in Hungary and Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Time Of Travel ◽  
A Current

Ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in European (especially in the middle, south and east part) regional passenger transport is a current problem. Long term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport requires a balanced transport policy. These subsectors need to be complement each other, not compete. The parallel bus and railway links can result in a competition. This research explores solutions to this issue for long term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. Some of the important factors include the number of inhabitants to be served, public transport availability, and efficiency in time of travel for vehicles and passengers. To ensure long term sustainability of the presented methodology, the effect of interventions was analyzed. The study compares Finland and Hungary in terms of the competition regional railway and bus links.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Traveling Parameters in Parallel Long-Distance Public Transport

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Long Distance Transport ◽  
Distance Transport ◽  
A Current

The ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in Hungarian long-distance public transport is a current problem. Long term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport require a balanced transport policy. These subsectors need to complement each other, not compete. The parallel bus and railway links, which are present in most relations of Hungary, can result in a competition. This research analyze traveling parameters (distance and time) in case of parallel long-distance transport systems and evaluate them with a mathematical method for long term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. This investigation's hypothesis is to define difference segments of optimization gear to travel time and travel distance.

scholarly journals Analytical, Logit Model-based Examination of the Hungarian Regional Parallel Public Transport System

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369
Author(s):  
András Lakatos ◽  
Péter Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Logit Model ◽  
Current Problem ◽  
Economic Sustainability ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
The Government ◽  
A Current

The ongoing competition between bus and railway systems in the Hungarian regional passenger transport is a current problem, because these subsectors need to complement each other, instead of being in the government-funded competition. Long-term sustainability and efficiency in passenger transport require a balanced transport policy. The parallel bus and railway links, which are present in all regions of Hungary can result in competition. This research explores the solutions to this issue for long-term environmental and economic sustainability optimization. An objective index and interventions developed in previous studies have been applied here. This investigation is to validate the objective index and the interventions by using the Logit model.

scholarly journals Canada as a Case Study for Balanced Presentation to Address Controversy on Emission Reduction Policies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7909
Author(s):  
Robert V. Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Trade Show ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Carbon Taxation ◽  
Canadian Provinces ◽  
Method Analysis ◽  
A Current

Controversy is common on environmental issues, with carbon taxation in Canada a current example. This paper uses Canada as a case study for analysis based around balanced presentation, a technique developed some time ago, yet largely forgotten. Using the method, analysis is shifted away from the point of controversy to a broader quantitative question, with comparative data employed from official government sources. Simple quantitative analysis is applied to evaluate emission trends of individual Canadian provinces, with quantitative metrics to identify and confirm the application of relevant emission reduction policies by individual jurisdictions. From 2005 through 2019, three provinces show consistent downward emission trends, two show consistent upward trends, and the remaining five have no trends, showing relatively “flat” profiles. The results clarify, in terms of diverse emission reduction policies, where successes have occurred, and where deficiencies or ambiguities have existed. Neither carbon taxation nor related cap-and-trade show any association with long-term reductions in overall emissions. One policy does stand out as being associated with long-term reductions, namely grid decarbonization. The results suggest a possible need within Canada to rethink emission reduction policies. The method may be relevant as a model for other countries to consider as well.

scholarly journals Case Study on Fire Resistance of Sandwiches for Means of Transport

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 207
Author(s):  
Pavel Koštial ◽  
Zora Koštialová Jančíková ◽  
Robert Frischer
Keyword(s):  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Fire Protection ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Hybrid Vehicles ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aluminum Honeycomb ◽  
Heat Loads

These days there are undeniably unique materials that, however, must also meet demanding safety requirements. In the case of vehicles, these are undoubtedly excellent fire protection characteristics. The aim of the work is to experimentally verify the proposed material compositions for long-term heat loads and the effect of thickness, the number of laminating layers (prepregs) as well as structures with different types of cores (primarily honeycomb made of Nomex paper type T722 of different densities, aluminum honeycomb and PET foam) and composite coating based on a glass-reinforced phenolic matrix. The selected materials are suitable candidates for intelligent sandwich structures, usable especially for interior cladding applications in the industry for the production of means of public transport (e.g., train units, trams, buses, hybrid vehicles).

scholarly journals A Novel Model for Determining Public Service Compensation in Integrated Public Transport Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojić ◽  
Dušan Mladenović ◽  
Olegas Prentkovskis ◽  
Slavko Vesković
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Passenger Transport ◽  
Market Conditions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Optimal Approach ◽  
Novel Model

In free market conditions, if public passenger transport services are commercially unprofitable, there will be no interest for transport companies to perform them. However, directly because of the citizens’ interests, on the one hand, and indirectly because of the economy, passenger public transport services have become of a general public interest. The authorities must prepare appropriate legal fair market conditions, based on which public transport will be subsidized and conducted. In order to achieve that, for the mutual benefit of the public, users and transport companies, it is necessary that the right Public Service Obligation Model (PSO model or in some literature PCS—Public Service Compensation) be defined. Within this study, the optimal approach to assigning a PSC contract to transport companies for performing the PSO in integrated and regular public passenger transport systems is determined. A novel model, presented in this paper, can help national, regional and local authorities to choose and determine the way and level of PSCs for conducting the public transport of passengers and establishing a sustainable public passenger transport system.

scholarly journals Boundary Spanning Roles and Power in Educational Partnerships

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110168
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Wegemer ◽  
Jennifer R. Renick
Keyword(s):  
Educational Outcomes ◽  
Boundary Spanning ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Boundary Spanners ◽  
Educational Partnerships ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Reflexive Analysis

Research-practice partnerships (RPPs) offer promising approaches to improve educational outcomes. Navigating boundaries between contexts is essential for RPP effectiveness, yet much work remains to establish a conceptual framework of boundary spanning in partnerships. Our longitudinal comparative case study draws from our experiences as graduate student boundary spanners in three long-term partnerships to examine boundary spanning roles in RPPs, with particular attention to the ways in which power permeates partnership work. Using qualitative, critically reflexive analysis of meeting artifacts and field notes, we found that our boundary spanning roles varied along five spectrums: institutional focus, task orientation, expertise, partnership disposition, and agency. Our roles were shaped by the organizational, cultural, relational, and historical features of the partnerships and contexts of interaction. We aim to promote the development of effective RPP strategies by leveraging the perspectives and positionality of graduate students in order to advance understanding of boundary spanning roles.

Cordaid’s Post-Disaster Shelter Strategy in Haiti: Linking Relief and Development

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Harmen Janse ◽  
Kees van der Flier
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Life Support ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Post Disaster

Haiti was struck by a heavy earthquake in 2010 and international aid poured into the country. News reports in 2011 were not very positive about the results of post-disaster reconstruction: “The relief efforts are only putting Haiti on life-support instead of evolving into the next stage of development”. One of the non-governmental organisations (NGOs) involved in Haiti was Cordaid, implementing a ‘transitional shelter strategy’ to support the transformation of neigh-bourhoods from a state of life-support into a state of self-sustaining development. The strategy was implemented in both a rural and an urban area. The main feature of the strategy was the provision of structures that could be adapted from simple shelters to permanent houses. Since the results of the strategy were mixed and ambiguous, a comparative case study was conducted to evaluate the shelter strategy in both areas. The objective was to draw lessons about what has to be taken into account when formulating future urban shelter strategies. The case study is discussed in this article. The main finding from the case study is that producing the intended number of shelters within the financial and time budgets that were set (efficiency), was more difficult in the urban area than in the rural area. But the conditions for linking relief and development (effectiveness) are more favourable in the urban context. NGOs may achieve long-term (effective) results in the urban context when a lower efficiency can be justified. That is why NGOs need to engage in a debate about the extent to which they are able to focus on long-term shelter or housing strategies. The important element in the debate is communication with the donors who are often focused on short-term relief measures. However urban areas cannot be rebuilt with only short-term interventions. The link between relief and development has to be made by a process-orientated approach focusing on capacities of local participants.

scholarly journals Understanding Public Transport Ridership in Developing Countries to Promote Sustainable Urban Mobility: A Case Study of Mexicali, Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 3266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Sánchez-Atondo ◽  
Leonel García ◽  
Julio Calderón-Ramírez ◽  
José Manuel Gutiérrez-Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Mungaray-Moctezuma
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Global South ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Mobility Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Urban Mobility ◽  
Macro Variables ◽  
The City

Some small- and medium-sized Global South cities have unsustainable transport systems and no information to plan interventions in addition to having limited resources for data collection. This study proposes a method to understand Public Transport (PT) ridership in cities of these characteristics, based on previous studies and by analysing available indicators related to Manheim’s macro-variables, to identify their influence on the PT ridership. The method was applied in the city of Mexicali, Mexico. The results help to understand the causes of the low PT ridership and have implications for achieving sustainable urban mobility in the city. Findings reveal that mobility planning in Mexicali has been occurring without properly considering activity system related variables, so it is necessary to integrate urban and transport administration. Moreover, to increase PT demand in Mexicali, mobility strategies to discourage the use of private cars are necessary. The proposed method can be applied in other cities of the Global South with characteristics similar to the case study to understand the causes of PT ridership, so these can be considered by the agencies responsible for the planning of the city’s transportation system to promote a sustainable urban mobility.

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