Greenhouse Gases and Energy Fluxes at Permafrost Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 527-558
Author(s):  
Masahito Ueyama ◽  
Hiroki Iwata ◽  
Hideki Kobayashi ◽  
Eugénie Euskirchen ◽  
Lutz Merbold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Energy Fluxes

scholarly journals Thaw processes in ice-rich permafrost landscapes represented with laterally coupled tiles in a land surface model

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 591-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjetil S. Aas ◽  
Léo Martin ◽  
Jan Nitzbon ◽  
Moritz Langer ◽  
Julia Boike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Permafrost Zone ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Permafrost Degradation ◽  
Energy Fluxes ◽  
Ground Ice ◽  
The Future

Abstract. Earth system models (ESMs) are our primary tool for projecting future climate change, but their ability to represent small-scale land surface processes is currently limited. This is especially true for permafrost landscapes in which melting of excess ground ice and subsequent subsidence affect lateral processes which can substantially alter soil conditions and fluxes of heat, water, and carbon to the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate that dynamically changing microtopography and related lateral fluxes of snow, water, and heat can be represented through a tiling approach suitable for implementation in large-scale models, and we investigate which of these lateral processes are important to reproduce observed landscape evolution. Combining existing methods for representing excess ground ice, snow redistribution, and lateral water and energy fluxes in two coupled tiles, we show that the model approach can simulate observed degradation processes in two very different permafrost landscapes. We are able to simulate the transition from low-centered to high-centered polygons, when applied to polygonal tundra in the cold, continuous permafrost zone, which results in (i) a more realistic representation of soil conditions through drying of elevated features and wetting of lowered features with related changes in energy fluxes, (ii) up to 2 ∘C reduced average permafrost temperatures in the current (2000–2009) climate, (iii) delayed permafrost degradation in the future RCP4.5 scenario by several decades, and (iv) more rapid degradation through snow and soil water feedback mechanisms once subsidence starts. Applied to peat plateaus in the sporadic permafrost zone, the same two-tile system can represent an elevated peat plateau underlain by permafrost in a surrounding permafrost-free fen and its degradation in the future following a moderate warming scenario. These results demonstrate the importance of representing lateral fluxes to realistically simulate both the current permafrost state and its degradation trajectories as the climate continues to warm. Implementing laterally coupled tiles in ESMs could improve the representation of a range of permafrost processes, which is likely to impact the simulated magnitude and timing of the permafrost–carbon feedback.

Greenhouse gases: Hanging in the balance

Nature China ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Cheung
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases

Low cost power generation using greenhouse gases in thermocouple

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 570-572
Author(s):  
Sangeet Markanda ◽  
◽  
R K Aggarwal R K Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Low Cost

A quantitative analysis of greenhouse-gases emissions from the Korean offshore stow net fishery

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Ohyeong KWON ◽  
Taegang YOON ◽  
Jeongkwon LEE ◽  
Jihoon LEE
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gases Emissions

Ecological specificities of the interaction between animal breeding and climate changes, caused by greenhouse gas emissions

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
O. Zhukorsky ◽  
O. Nykyforuk ◽  
N. Boltyk
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Animal Breeding ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Emissions Inventory ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Global Problems

Aim. Proper development of animal breeding in the conditions of current global problems and the decrease of anthropogenic burden on environment due to greenhouse gas emissions, caused by animal breeding activity, require the study of interaction processes between animal breeding and external climatic conditions. Methods. The theoretical substantiation of the problem was performed based on scientifi c literature, statistical informa- tion of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization and the data of the National greenhouse gas emissions inventory in Ukraine. Theoretically possible emissions of greenhouse gases into atmosphere due to animal breeding in Ukraine and specifi c farms are calculated by the international methods using the statistical infor- mation about animal breeding in Ukraine and the economic-technological information of the activity of the investigated farms. Results. The interaction between the animal breeding production and weather-and-climate conditions of environment was analyzed. Possible vectors of activity for the industry, which promote global warming and negative processes, related to it, were determined. The main factors, affecting the formation of greenhouse gases from the activity of enterprises, aimed at animal breeding production, were characterized. Literature data, statistical data and calculations were used to analyze the role of animal breeding in the green- house gas emissions in global and national framework as well as at the level of specifi c farms with the consid- eration of individual specifi cities of these farms. Conclusions. Current global problems require clear balance between constant development of sustainable animal breeding and the decrease of the carbon footprint due to the activity of animal breeding.

The Analysis of Greenhouse Gases Emission of Cropland Sector Applying the 2006 IPCC Guideline

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Seong Jin Park ◽  
Chang Hoon Lee ◽  
Myung Sook Kim
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gases
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