Retrieval of content of greenhouse gases from atmospheric spectra of solar radiation with the use of different spectroscopic data on absorption lines

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Absorption Lines

scholarly journals O2 photoabsorption in the 40 950–41 300 cm−1 region: New Herzberg bands, new absorption lines, and improved spectroscopic data

1996 ◽  
Vol 105 (21) ◽  
pp. 9393-9402 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Slanger ◽  
D. L. Huestis ◽  
P. C. Cosby ◽  
H. Naus ◽  
G. Meijer
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Absorption Lines

scholarly journals Climate Change and Aerosol Sciences

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Kehan Li
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosols ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Modern Times

Climate change is of great importance in modern times and global warming is considered as a significant part of climate change. It is proved that human’s emissions such as greenhouse gases are one of the main sources of global warming (IPCC, 2018). Apart from greenhouse gases, there is another kind of matter being released in quantity via emissions from industries and transportations and playing an important role in global warming, which is aerosol. However, atmospheric aerosols have the net effect of cooling towards global warming. In this paper, climate change with respect to global warming is briefly introduced and the role of aerosols in the atmosphere is emphasized. Besides, properties of aerosols including dynamics and thermodynamics of aerosols as well as interactions with solar radiation are concluded. In the end, environmental policies and solutions are discussed. Keywords: Climate change, Global warming, Atmospheric aerosols, Particulate matter, Radiation, Environmental policy.

scholarly journals Screening and partial purification of photoprotective pigment scytonemin from cyanobacterial crusts dwelling on the historical monuments in and around Varanasi, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jainendra Pathak ◽  
Arun S. Sonker ◽  
R. Richa ◽  
R. Rajneesh ◽  
Vinod K. Kannaujiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Partial Purification ◽  
Cyanobacterial Species ◽  
Historical Monuments ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Almost All

In the present investigation, biological crusts from the surface of eight historical monuments of Varanasi, India, were examined for the presence of scytonemin (a cyanobacterial photoprotective pigment) containing cyanobacterial species. Lyngbya sp. and Scytonema sp. were the dominant cyanobacteria present in all crust samples. The absorption spectroscopic data of chlorophyll, carotenoids and scytonemin showed that scytonemin was more abundant than the carotene and chlorophyll in all the crusts. Identification of these compounds was done using UV-Vis spectroscopy and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of scytonemin in seven out of eight samples and peaks of scytonemin with retention time ranging from 1.4-1.9 min with corresponding absorbance maxima at 386, 300 and 252±2 nm. As per our knowledge this is the first report of its kind from monuments of Varanasi. From this study, it can be concluded that synthesis of photoprotective compounds like scytonemin and its derivatives counteract the damaging effects of solar radiation which enable cyanobacteria to colonize and inhabit almost all kinds of habitats, including extreme lithic habitats, such as rocks and walls of monuments which face prolonged high intensity solar radiation.

Laser heterodyne radiometers (LHR) for in situ ground-based remote sensing of greenhouse gases in the atmospheric column

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Fengjiao Shen ◽  
Tu Tan ◽  
Zhensong Cao ◽  
Xiaoming Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Tunable Laser ◽  
Local Oscillator ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Atmospheric Column ◽  
Remote Measurements ◽  
Laser Heterodyne ◽  
Regional Air Quality

<p>Measurements of vertical concentration profiles of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is extremely important for our understanding of regional air quality and global climate change trends. In this context, laser heterodyne radiometer (LHR) technique has been developed <sup>[1-5]</sup> for ground-based remote measurements of GHGs in the atmospheric column.</p><p>Solar radiation undergoing absorption by multi-species in the atmosphere is coupled into a LHR instrument where the sunlight is mixed with a local oscillator (LO), being usually a tunable laser source, in a fast photodetector. Beating note at radio frequency (RF) resulted from this photomixing contains absorption information of the LO-targeted molecules. Scanning the LO frequency across the target molecular absorption lines allows one to extract the corresponding absorption features from the total absorption of the solar radiation by all molecules in the atmospheric column. Near-IR (~1.5 µm) and mid-IR (~8 µm) <sup>[6]</sup> LHRs have been recently developed in the present work. Field campaigns have been performed on the roof of the platform of IRENE in Dunkerque (51.05°N/2.34°E).</p><p>The developed LHR instruments as well as the preliminary results of their applications to the measurements of CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O, CO<sub>2</sub> (including <sup>13</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>/<sup>12</sup>CO<sub>2</sub>), H<sub>2</sub>O vapor (and its isotopologue HDO) in the atmospheric column will be presented and discussed.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong> The authors thank the financial supports from the LABEX CaPPA project (ANR-10-LABX005), the MABCaM (ANR-16-CE04-0009) and the MULTIPAS (ANR-16-CE04-0012) contracts, as well as the CPER CLIMIBIO program. S. F. thanks the program Labex CaPPA and the "Pôle Métropolitain de la Côte d’Opale" (PMCO) for the PhD fellowship support.</p><p><strong>References </strong></p><p>[1] R. T. Menzies, and R. K. Seals, Science <strong>197</strong> (1977) 1275-1277</p><p>[2] D. Weidmann, T. Tsai, N. A. Macleod, and G. Wysocki, Opt. Lett. <strong>36</strong> (2011) 1951-1953</p><p>[3] E. L. Wilson, M. L. McLinden, and J. H. Miller, Appl. Phys. B <strong>114</strong> (2014) 385-393</p><p>[4] A. Rodin, A. Klimchuk, A. Nadezhdinskiy, D. Churbanov, and M. Spiridonov, Opt. Express <strong>22</strong> (2014) 13825-13834</p><p>[5] J. Wang, G. Wang, T. Tan, G. Zhu, C. Sun, Z. CAO, W. Chen, and X. Gao, Opt. Express <strong>27</strong> (2019) 9600-9619</p><p>[6] F. Shen, P. Jeseck, Y. Te, T. Tan, X. Gao, E. Fertein, and W. Chen, Geophys. Res. Abstracts, <strong>20 </strong>(2018) EGU2018-79</p>

scholarly journals Discovery of the major mechanism of global warming and climate change

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Radiative Flux ◽  
Major Mechanism ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Solar Radiation Model ◽  
Solar Radiative Flux

Statistical analysis of the number of destructive earthquakes versus global temperature and greenhouse gases revealed very significant correlations. This is a strong indication that the frequent occurrence of major earthquakes had increased earth’s obliquity and induced both global warming and emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) in recent years. It is further shown by a simple model developed here that seismic-induced oceanic pressure could enhance the obliquity leading to increased solar radiative flux on earth. The possible increase in the planetary obliquity was substantiated by the solar radiation model SOLRAD, which simulated an associated increase of absorbed solar radiation. The model also revealed a net poleward gain of solar radiative flux with enhanced obliquity which could be the cause of the observed polar amplification of global warming and climate change. Multiple regression analysis also showed that the sudden obliquity change since 1995 played a major role in the temperature rise and GHG increase, and coincided with the 10 warmest years on record. Climate simulations conducted with the EdGCM also showed that enhanced obliquity causes increased solar radiative flux, increased air and ocean temperature, and decline of ocean ice cover. The enhanced obliquity and absorbed solar radiation could have accelerated the melting of ice sheets and glaciers, exposure and degradation of permafrost regions, increased CO2 respiration fluxes from soil, and forest fires during summer. This study confirmed in several ways that earthquake-pressured obliquity change, and not greenhouse effect, is the major mechanism governing global warming and climate change presently occurring on earth.

On the potential change in solar radiation over the US due to increases of atmospheric greenhouse gases

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 1923-1928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaitao Pan ◽  
Moti Segal ◽  
Raymond W Arritt ◽  
Eugene S Takle
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Potential Change ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Rice-Rape Rotation Benefits to Improve Radiation and Heat Use Efficiencies and Mitigate Global Warming Potential of Paddy Cropping Systems in Central China

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (06) ◽  
pp. 1231-1237
Author(s):  
Gong Songling
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Central China ◽  
Ch4 Flux ◽  
Rice Season ◽  
Winter Crops

Replacing bare fallow by rotation with winter cereal crops such as winter wheat and oil rape have been used to improve annual productivity in paddy cropping system in central China. However, the effects of rotation on light and heat resources utilization and greenhouse gases have yet to be measured. A two-year field experiment was conducted to compare solar radiation and heat use efficiencies, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) of two winter rotations: rice-wheat and rice-rape taking rice-fallow as a check. The results of this study showed that rice-wheat had the highest annual grain yield (two-year means were 16.2 t ha-1) and annual above ground biomass (32.9 t ha-1) followed by ricerape and by rice-fallow. No significant effect was observed for winter rotation on the performance of rice grain yield and growth, in spite of a large quantity of straw returning by winter crops. Solar radiation and heat resources utilization and their production efficiency were improved in the winter season by rotation with winter crops. Rice-wheat and rice-rape also increased light and heat resources utilization efficiency from the annual perspective. Compared with rice-fallow, CH4 flux in the rice season among the two studying years was increased by 42.0% by rice-wheat but was decreased by 35.6% by rice-rape. For the annual level, CH4 flux was promoted by 40.9% by rice-wheat and declined by 35.5% by rice-rape. For the rice season the N2O seasonal flux was increased by 54.2 and by 8.3% in rice-wheat and rice-rape plots, respectively. The values for GWP and for yield-scaled GWP were highest in rice-wheat and lowest in rice-rape system. In conclusion, rice-rape system could be a better choice to increase solar radiation and heat resources utilization and mitigate greenhouse gases emission. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers

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