Viral Vectors in Veterinary Vaccine Development

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine

scholarly journals Strategies for Vaccination: Conventional Vaccine Approaches Versus New-Generation Strategies in Combination with Adjuvants

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Bouazzaoui ◽  
Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif ◽  
Faisal A. Al-Allaf ◽  
Neda M. Bogari ◽  
Saied Al-Dehlawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Teams ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Conventional Vaccine

The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has raised significant economic, social, and psychological concerns. The rapid spread of the virus, coupled with the absence of vaccines and antiviral treatments for SARS-CoV-2, has galvanized a major global endeavor to develop effective vaccines. Within a matter of just a few months of the initial outbreak, research teams worldwide, adopting a range of different strategies, embarked on a quest to develop effective vaccine that could be effectively used to suppress this virulent pathogen. In this review, we describe conventional approaches to vaccine development, including strategies employing proteins, peptides, and attenuated or inactivated pathogens in combination with adjuvants (including genetic adjuvants). We also present details of the novel strategies that were adopted by different research groups to successfully transfer recombinantly expressed antigens while using viral vectors (adenoviral and retroviral) and non-viral delivery systems, and how recently developed methods have been applied in order to produce vaccines that are based on mRNA, self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), and trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). Moreover, we discuss the methods that are being used to enhance mRNA stability and protein production, the advantages and disadvantages of different methods, and the challenges that are encountered during the development of effective vaccines.

scholarly journals Viral vectors in malaria vaccine development

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 501-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. LIMBACH ◽  
T. L. RICHIE
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Malaria Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Development

Recent Advances in Clinical Trials of HCV Vaccines

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongneng Luo ◽  
Limin Jiang ◽  
Zi'an Mao
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Core Protein ◽  
Therapeutic Vaccine ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Preclinical Development

<p>  Hepatitis C virus infects nearly 3% of the global population, and spreads to 3-4 million new people annually. HCV infection is a leading cause of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and end-stage liver diseases and causes liver-related death in more than 300,000 people each year. Unfortunately, there is currently no vaccine for HCV prevention (prophylactic vaccine) or treatment (therapeutic vaccine). Circulating HCV is genetically diverse, and therefore a broadly effective vaccine must target conserved T- and B-cell epitopes of the virus and induce strong cross-reactive CD4+/CD8+ T-cell and neutralizing antibody responses in preventing or clearing HCV infection. So far, a few of vaccine development approaches are successful and some of the HCV vaccine candidates have reached human clinical trials, including those modalities mainly based on recombinant proteins (envelope proteins and core protein subunit), synthetic peptides, DNA (plasmid) and viral vectors (virosome). Encouraging results were obtained for those HCV vaccine formulations consisting of prime-boost regimen involving a live recombinant viral vector vaccine alone or in combination with DNA or subunit vaccine. Among several other vaccine strategies under preclinical development, the most promising one is virus like particle based vaccine that will be moving into human studies soon.</p>

scholarly journals A Novel Cre Recombinase-MediatedIn VivoMinicircle DNA (CRIM) Vaccine Provides Partial Protection against Newcastle Disease Virus

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanlong Jiang ◽  
Xing Gao ◽  
Ke Xu ◽  
Jianzhong Wang ◽  
Haibin Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Newcastle Disease Virus ◽  
Disease Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Cre Recombinase ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Minicircle Dna

ABSTRACTMinicircle DNA (mcDNA), which contains only the necessary components for eukaryotic expression and is thus smaller than traditional plasmids, has been designed for application in genetic manipulation. In this study, we constructed a novel plasmid containing both the Cre recombinase under the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter and recombinantlox66andlox71sites located outside the cytomegalovirus (CMV) expression cassette. The strictly controlled synthesis of Cre recombinasein vivomaintained the complete form of the plasmidin vitro, whereas thein vivoproduction of Cre transformed the parental plasmid to mcDNA after transfection. The newly designedCrerecombinase-mediatedin vivomcDNA platform, named CRIM, significantly increased the nuclear entry of mcDNA, followed by increased production of mRNA and protein, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a model. Similar results were also observed in chickens when the vaccine was delivered by the regulated-delayed-lysisSalmonellastrain χ11218, where significantly increased production of EGFP was observed in chicken livers. Then, we used the HN gene of genotype VII Newcastle disease virus as an antigen model to construct the traditional plasmid pYL43 and the novel mcDNA plasmid pYL47. After immunization, our CRIM vaccine provided significantly increased protection against challenge compared with that of the traditional plasmid, providing us with a novel mcDNA vaccine platform.IMPORTANCEMinicircle DNA (mcDNA) has been considered an attractive alternative to DNA vaccines; however, the relatively high cost and complicated process of purifying mcDNA dramatically restricts the application of mcDNA in the veterinary field. We designed a novelin vivomcDNA platform in which the complete plasmid could spontaneously transform into mcDNAin vivo. In combination with the regulated-delayed-lysisSalmonellastrain, the newly designed mcDNA vaccine provides us with an elegant platform for veterinary vaccine development.

scholarly journals Antigen delivery systems for veterinary vaccine development

Vaccine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (51) ◽  
pp. 6508-6528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Brun ◽  
Emmanuel Albina ◽  
Tom Barret ◽  
David A.G. Chapman ◽  
Markus Czub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Antigen Delivery ◽  
Veterinary Vaccine ◽  
Antigen Delivery Systems

scholarly journals Novel Concepts for HIV Vaccine Vector Design

mSphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Quazim A. Alayo ◽  
Nicholas M. Provine ◽  
Pablo Penaloza-MacMaster
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Adaptive Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Robust Adaptive ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The unprecedented challenges of developing effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis have resulted in more rational approaches to vaccine development. Apart from the recent advances in the design and selection of improved epitopes and adjuvants, there are also ongoing efforts to optimize delivery platforms. The unprecedented challenges of developing effective vaccines against intracellular pathogens such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis have resulted in more rational approaches to vaccine development. Apart from the recent advances in the design and selection of improved epitopes and adjuvants, there are also ongoing efforts to optimize delivery platforms. Viral vectors are the best-characterized delivery tools because of their intrinsic adjuvant capability, unique cellular tropism, and ability to trigger robust adaptive immune responses. However, a known limitation of viral vectors is preexisting immunity, and ongoing efforts are aimed at developing novel vector platforms with lower seroprevalence. It is also becoming increasingly clear that different vectors, even those derived from phylogenetically similar viruses, can elicit substantially distinct immune responses, in terms of quantity, quality, and location, which can ultimately affect immune protection. This review provides a summary of the status of viral vector development for HIV vaccines, with a particular focus on novel viral vectors and the types of adaptive immune responses that they induce.

scholarly journals An overview of vaccine development for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed H Shahcheraghi ◽  
Jamshid Ayatollahi ◽  
Alaa AA Aljabali ◽  
Madhur D Shastri ◽  
Shakti D Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The Public ◽  
Designed Proteins ◽  
Virus Like Particle ◽  
Virus Recombinant ◽  
Widespread Availability

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to endanger world health and the economy. The causative SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has a unique replication system. The end point of the COVID-19 pandemic is either herd immunity or widespread availability of an effective vaccine. Multiple candidate vaccines – peptide, virus-like particle, viral vectors (replicating and nonreplicating), nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), live attenuated virus, recombinant designed proteins and inactivated virus – are presently under various stages of expansion, and a small number of vaccine candidates have progressed into clinical phases. At the time of writing, three major pharmaceutical companies, namely Pfizer and Moderna, have their vaccines under mass production and administered to the public. This review aims to investigate the most critical vaccines developed for COVID-19 to date.

scholarly journals Developmental Landscape of Potential Vaccine Candidates Based on Viral Vector for Prophylaxis of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajashri Bezbaruah ◽  
Pobitra Borah ◽  
Bibhuti Bhushan Kakoti ◽  
Nizar A. Al-Shar’I ◽  
Balakumar Chandrasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
World Health ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Viral Vector Vaccine

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2, arose at the end of 2019 as a zoonotic virus, which is the causative agent of the novel coronavirus outbreak COVID-19. Without any clear indications of abatement, the disease has become a major healthcare threat across the globe, owing to prolonged incubation period, high prevalence, and absence of existing drugs or vaccines. Development of COVID-19 vaccine is being considered as the most efficient strategy to curtail the ongoing pandemic. Following publication of genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, globally extensive research and development work has been in progress to develop a vaccine against the disease. The use of genetic engineering, recombinant technologies, and other computational tools has led to the expansion of several promising vaccine candidates. The range of technology platforms being evaluated, including virus-like particles, peptides, nucleic acid (DNA and RNA), recombinant proteins, inactivated virus, live attenuated viruses, and viral vectors (replicating and non-replicating) approaches, are striking features of the vaccine development strategies. Viral vectors, the next-generation vaccine platforms, provide a convenient method for delivering vaccine antigens into the host cell to induce antigenic proteins which can be tailored to arouse an assortment of immune responses, as evident from the success of smallpox vaccine and Ervebo vaccine against Ebola virus. As per the World Health Organization, till January 22, 2021, 14 viral vector vaccine candidates are under clinical development including 10 nonreplicating and four replicating types. Moreover, another 39 candidates based on viral vector platform are under preclinical evaluation. This review will outline the current developmental landscape and discuss issues that remain critical to the success or failure of viral vector vaccine candidates against COVID-19.

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