scholarly journals Roma at School: A Look at the Past and the Present. The Case of Portugal

2021 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Lurdes Nicolau
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Dropouts ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Schooling Process ◽  
Phd Thesis

AbstractThe schooling process has become more widespread among the Portuguese Roma population since 1974, with the end of the Estado Novo dictatorship and the establishment of democracy. Nevertheless, the Roma nomadism or semi-nomadism, financial shortcomings and the absence of social/cultural/family stimuli are some of the reasons that explain their low school attendance rates. Only in the last decades has such attendance increased, as a result of the implementation of several public policies, particularly of the Social Integration Income. This social policy, implemented in 1996, introduced important changes in this population, especially in areas such as schooling, personal hygiene, housing, health, or sedentism.Recent research has shown an increase in the educational level of the Roma population, but school dropouts and failure remain high. This tendency was also studied in the northeast of Portugal, in a PhD thesis about the relationships between the Roma and school. In the present research work, a qualitative methodology was adopted, using direct and participant observation, as well as interviews to some Roma parents and non-Roma teachers. Both groups emphasize the main difficulties of Roma children at school.The conclusions show that several factors affect these students’ schooling nowadays, especially poor housing conditions, parents’ illiteracy or low schooling, lack of daily study monitoring at home, absence of models in their environment, non-attendance of pre-school, and discrimination against them.

Being old, being healthy: the dimension of health in the social representations of old age

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
Gabriela Silveira de Paula ◽  
Patrícia Do Socorro Magalhães Franco Espírito-Santo
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Key Words Aging ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations of the elderly on aging and experiences related to health involved in this process. Methodology: the qualitative methodology was applied; data collection was carried out through participant observation, semi-structured interviews and field journal. The interviews were recorded, and a signed a free and clear consent form was obtained, with seven elderly volunteers in Franca – São Paulo, Brazil. The study was approved by Uni-FACEF´s Research Ethics Committee (035/2009). Results: from the analyses of the interviews, three social representations were found among which health constituted the center of discussion: (1) Life silencing: a stigmatized old age where health is determined by declining physical and mental capacities; (2) New identity: an active old age where health is what provides freedom and independence; (3) A natural process: old age is an expected stage and health is spiritual well-being. Conclusions: these results show that social representations of old age are associated to the current redefinition of health; to a positive concept of health; and to the individual’s responsibility for health, that is associated with the aging reprivatization. Key words: Aging; health; social representations; contemporaneity. RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as representações sociais do idoso acerca do envelhecer e das vivências relativas à saúde implicadas neste processo. Metodologia: utilizou-se a metodologia qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada por meio da observação participante, entrevistas semi-estruturadas, e diário de campo. Após a assinatura dos termos de consentimento livre e esclarecido, as entrevistas foram gravadas com sete idosos voluntários na cidade de Franca – SP. Para preservar a identidade dos participantes, todos os nomes utilizados neste artigo são fictícios. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa do Centro Universitário de Franca (protocolo 035/2009). Resultados: a partir das análises das entrevistas, emergiram três RS acerca da velhice, nas quais a saúde constituiu-se em eixo de discussão: (1) A vida silenciando: uma velhice estigmatizada, em que a saúde é marcada por declínios nas capacidades físicas e mentais; (2) A Nova identidade: uma velhice ativa em que a saúde é aquilo que dá liberdade e independência; (3) Um Processo natural: a velhice é uma etapa esperada, e a saúde é o bem-estar espiritual. Conclusões: tais resultados demonstram que as RS da velhice estão associadas à atual ressignificação da saúde; a um conceito positivo de saúde; e à responsabilização individual pela saúde, a qual se associa à reprivatização do envelhecimento. Descritores: envelhecimento; saúde; representações sociais; contemporaneidade. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las representaciones sociales de las personas mayores sobre el envejecimiento y las experiencias relacionadas con la salud implicada en este proceso. Metodología: se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, la recolección de datos fue realizada por medio de la observación participante, entrevistas semi-estructuradas y diario de campo. Las entrevistas fueron grabadas, firmados los términos del consentimiento libre e informado, con siete voluntarios de la ciudad de Franca – São Paulo, Brasil. El estudio fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación de la Uni-FACEF. Resultados: a partir del análisis de las entrevistas, reveló tres representaciones sociales sobre la vejez, donde la salud se constituyó en un eje de discusión: (1) La vida silenciando: una vejez estigmatizada, donde la salud se caracteriza por la disminución de la capacidad física y mental, (2) La nueva identidad: una vejez activa, donde la salud es lo que concede libertad e independencia, (3) Un proceso natural: el envejecimiento es un paso esperado y la salud es el bienestar espiritual.  Conclusiones: Estos resultados demuestran que las representaciones sociales de la edad están asociadas con la actual resignificación de la salud; con un concepto positivo de la salud, que se asocia con la reprivatización del envejecimiento. Descriptores: Envejecimiento; salud; representaciones sociales; contemporaneidad.

scholarly journals Stigma and segregation: containing the Roma of Údol, Czech Republic

Race & Class ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbora Černušáková
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Black People ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Community Networks ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Roma Population ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Measures

This article analyses the lived experience of a Czech Roma community in Údol, Ostrava. Based on the author’s participant-observation research, it demonstrates how certain neighbourhoods are increasingly targeted by policy measures which range from the denial of benefits to residents of certain areas to large-scale evictions or plans to demolish public housing. Such approaches are becoming a Europe-wide phenomenon. Although proponents of these measures argue the need to ‘protect law and order’, their policies target communities that are racialised as immigrant, Roma or Muslim. In some ways, the social exclusion of the Roma mirrors that of Black people in US ghettos, but there are also significant differences. The author demonstrates how the ‘post-socialist’ reality of Údol has been defined by the outsourcing of the state’s social functions, such as housing, to be carried out by charities and business. This has contributed, in what has now been turned into a racially defined space, to the ongoing reproduction of Údol’s containment of its Roma population, who, nonetheless, in their everyday life strategies have developed reliance on local and community networks that have replaced the state.

scholarly journals Experience of radiotherapy in head and neck

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhiancarlo Rocha MACEDO ◽  
Anna Claúdia Yokoyama dos ANJOS
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Experience ◽  
Multiprofessional Team ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
The Social

Abstract Objective: The aim of this manuscript was to understand and describe the experience of radiotherapy on the perspective of a woman with oral cancer. Methods: This is a qualitative, exploratory, descriptive study, with theoretical reference of medical anthropology and instrumental case study methodology. Data collection was performed in the oncology sector of a public university hospital in the Southeast region of Brazil, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil and at the participant’s residence, during from March to August, 2016. The case selected was of a female patient, diagnosed with Spinocellular Carcinoma in oral cavity, submitted to radiotherapy. Five semi-structured interviews and participant observation were performed and audio-taped. Results: Three thematic units are presented: the radiotherapy trajectory, family support and refuge in God and the importance of the multiprofessional team. The adverse reactions such as odynophagia, dysgeugia and weight loss were the ones that stood out the most, being causes of the social isolation of the participant, nonetheless the patient showed optimism and hope, despite the social isolation. Conclusion: The qualitative methodology allowed the whole trajectory of radiotherapy follow-up which made it possible to understand the treatment experience from the perspective of the participant. Despite the adverse reactions, no negative experience with radiotherapy was found. New studies using the qualitative methodology are suggested with groups presenting similar characteristics of the participant, thus providing a better understanding of the topic addressed, as well as the identification and adoption of strategies that aim at improving care and the quality of life of this population, as well.

scholarly journals O uso do Software HagáQuê nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: práticas de letramento em contextos digitais

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 450
Author(s):  
Aletheia Machado de OLIVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Field Research ◽  
School Belonging ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Tool

RESUMOO presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar se o uso do software educativo HagáQuê auxilia os alunos no processo de leitura e escrita em contexto digital. Com uma metodologia de caráter qualitativa e pesquisa de campo com observação participante direta intensiva, o estudo envolveu professora e alunos em atuação no 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental pertencentes à rede municipal de ensino localizada no município de Minas Gerais. Os dados revelam que o trabalho articulado com a ferramenta tecnológica computador deve pautar-se através de um processo integrado, crítico, reflexivo e elaborado à luz dos objetivos educacionais. Verificou-se que a análise das histórias em quadrinhos criadas pelos alunos com a ajuda do software HagáQuê revela efetividade da prática da leitura e escrita de forma contextual. Conclui-se que o software educativo HagáQuê mostrou-se ser uma ferramenta interessante para esse processo ao provocar um interesse para uma maior aproximação com as funções sociais da linguagem. Letramento. Software educativo. HagáQuê.ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyze whether the use of educational software HagáQuê helps students in the process of reading and writing in a digital context. With a qualitative methodology and field research with intensive direct participant observation, the study involved a teacher and students working in the 5th year of elementary school belonging to the municipal school system located in the municipality of Minas Gerais. The data reveal that the work articulated with the computer technological tool must be guided by an integrated, critical, reflective and elaborated process in the light of educational objectives. It was found that the analysis of the comic books created by the students with the help of the HagáQuê software reveals the effectiveness of the practice of reading and writing in a contextual way. It is concluded that the educational software HagáQuê proved to be an interesting tool for this process by provoking an interest in a closer relationship with the social functions of language. Literacy. Educacional Software. HagáQuê.RESUMENEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar si el uso del software educativo HagáQuê ayuda a los estudiantes en el proceso de lectura y escritura en contexto digital. Con una metodología cualitativa e investigación de campo con observación participante directa intensiva, el estudio involucró a una profesora y alumnos que estudian en el 5to año de la escuela primaria perteneciente al sistema escolar municipal ubicado en el municipio de Minas Gerais. Los datos revelan que el trabajo articulado con la herramienta tecnológica computadora debe ser guiado por un proceso integrado, crítico, reflexivo y elaborado a la luz de los objetivos educativos. Se averiguó que el análisis de las historietas creadas por los estudiantes con la ayuda del software HagáQuê revela efectividad de la práctica de la lectura y la escritura de manera contextual. Se concluye que el software educativo HagáQuê resultó ser una herramienta interesante para este proceso al despertar el interés por una relación más cercana con las funciones sociales del lenguaje.Alfabetización. Software educativo. HagáQuê.SOMMARIOQuesto articolo mira ad analizzare se l'uso del software educativo HagáQuê aiuta gli studenti nel processo di lettura e scrittura in un contesto digitale. Utilizzando una metodologia qualitativa e una ricerca sul campo con un'intensa osservazione diretta dei partecipanti, lo studio ha coinvolto un insegnante e studenti che studiano nel 5 ° anno della scuola primaria appartenente al sistema scolastico municipale situato nel comune di Minas Gerais. Dai dati emerge che il lavoro articolato con lo strumento informatico deve essere guidato da un processo integrato, critico, riflessivo ed elaborato alla luce degli obiettivi formativi. Si è riscontrato che l'analisi dei fumetti creati dagli studenti con l'aiuto del software HagáQuê rivela l'efficacia della pratica di lettura e scrittura in modo contestuale. Si è concluso che il software educativo HagáQuê si è rivelato uno strumento interessante per questo processo risvegliando l'interesse in una relazione più stretta con le funzioni sociali del linguaggio.Alfabetizzazione. Software educativo. Fare.

Smart Education Using the Social network Site Facebook a solution for Interactions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
shariq aziz butt
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Social Network Site ◽  
Network Site ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smart Education

The paper is Original Research work and done by mentioned author in the article.

scholarly journals Tourist Experience and Innovative Hospitality Management in Different Cities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6578
Author(s):  
Alon Gelbman
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Hospitality Management ◽  
Tourist Experience ◽  
Hospitality Organizations ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality ◽  
Document Review ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

The complexity of modern tourism and hospitality management because of competition in the destination market, and especially in urban tourism destinations, has created a demand for creativity and innovation. To satisfy heightened tourist expectations for a specialized experience, hospitality organizations emphasize local culture characteristics and the urban community. The purpose of this paper is to examine how an urban hospitality organization emphasizes community and social values in its hostels, and how the tourist experience is adapted to each city’s culture and atmosphere (Nazareth, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv). The theoretical framework is based on the link connecting urban hospitality with the tourist experience, and how tourism innovation and creativity is managed, during this age of competition and specialization. The qualitative methodology includes participant observation, document review, and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study add a new dimension to the existing knowledge, namely the role of creativity and innovation in helping the management of an urban hospitality organization to shape the tourist experience. The study developed a new unique model for “implementing innovation in urban hospitality management” which describes the framework of connections and interactions between the various sustainable community based and social aspects. The novelty of this research model lies in the emphasis on how management uses innovation and creativity to brand the whole chain so as to realize the vision and values it wishes to promote. This also entails a system of sub-positioning that aligns the vision and values with the distinctive culture of each city and with each local community’s nature and traditions.

Family Participation in Challenger Baseball: Critical Theory Perspectives

1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lupe Castañ ◽  
Claudine Sherrill
Keyword(s):  
Critical Theory ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Head Coach ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Field Notes

The purpose was to analyze the social construction of Challenger baseball opportunities in a selected community. Participants were 10 boys and 6 girls with mental and/or physical disabilities (ages 7 to 16 years, M = 11.31), their families, and the head coach. Data were collected through interviews in the homes with all family members, participant observation at practices and games, and field notes. The research design was qualitative, and critical theory guided interpretation. Analytical induction revealed five outcomes that were particularly meaningful as families and coach socially constructed Challenger baseball: (a) fun and enjoyment, (b) positive affect related to equal opportunity and feelings of “normalcy,” (c) social networking/emotional support for families, (d) baseball knowledge and skills, and (e) social interactions with peers.

Generative pedagogies from and for the social production of habitat: Learning from HIC-AL School of grassroots urbanism

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Wesely ◽  
Adriana Allen ◽  
Lorena Zárate ◽  
María Silvia Emanuelli
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Popular Education ◽  
Global South ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Social Production ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Depth Interviews

Re-thinking dominant epistemological assumptions of the urban in the global South implies recognising the role of grassroots networks in challenging epistemic injustices through the co-production of multiple saberes and haceres for more just and inclusive cities. This paper examines the pedagogies of such networks by focusing on the experiences nurtured within Habitat International Coalition in Latin America (HIC-AL), identified as a ‘School of Grassroots Urbanism’ (Escuela de Urbanismo Popular). Although HIC-AL follows foremost activist rather than educational objectives, members of HIC-AL identify and value their practices as a ‘School’, whose diverse pedagogic logics and epistemological arguments are examined in this paper. The analysis builds upon a series of in-depth interviews, document reviews and participant observation with HIC-AL member organisations and allied grassroots networks. The discussion explores how the values and principles emanating from a long history of popular education and popular urbanism in the region are articulated through situated pedagogies of resistance and transformation, which in turn enable generative learning from and for the social production of habitat.

Tolerance zones: a pragmatic approach to respond to problems related to open alcohol and drug scenes in Bremen/Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanna Prepeliczay ◽  
Henning Schmidt-Semisch
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Tolerance Zones ◽  
Drug And Alcohol ◽  
The City

Purpose This study aims to describe and analyse an approach in the city of Bremen (Germany) to establish streetwork-supported tolerance zones for local open drug and alcohol scenes to reduce related disorder and nuisance in public spaces. Design/methodology/approach The qualitative methodology included systematic participant observations at public sites of drug and alcohol use, and problem-centred interviews with different groups of respondents (residents, passers-by, trades people, drug users, experts from addiction help and police). Findings In residential districts, tolerance zones were well accepted by their target group and found to reduce perceived disorder and nuisance in public space. However, their success depends on the social and spatial conditions of the chosen location, its surrounding urban infrastructure, cooperation among local actors and characteristics of drug using groups. Originality/value Usually, policing of open drug scenes focuses on repression and law enforcement. The example of Bremen suggests that streetwork-supported tolerance zones dedicated to the drug scene can substantially reduce disorder and nuisance in public space.

Le condizioni contrattuali e previdenziali del lavoro degli anziani: politiche e interventi di attivazione

ARGOMENTI ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 31-58
Author(s):  
Marco Accorinti ◽  
Paolo Calza Bini
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Senior Citizen ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
European Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Depth Study

- Within the research project Overcoming the barriers and seizing the opportunities for Active Ageing Policies in Europe, the Italian part being carried out by the IRPPS-CNR, there has been an in-depth study of the dynamics regarding population ageing and the social security system in Italy, in the light of the notion of activation - one of the main inspiring criteria of the European Employment Strategy. The paper presents comparative European research work that has highlighted the need to deal with the old age - social security link through an integrated group of diversified policies that consider above all employment policies, life schedules and social protection. The text furthermore presents nine European experiments of gradual retirement.Keywords: Senior citizen workers, Social security, Welfare, Leave. Parole Chiave: Lavoratori Anziani, Previdenza, Welfare, Aspettative.

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