Chemical Composition of Insect Surface Waxes: Biological Functions and Analytics

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Marek Gołębiowski ◽  
Piotr Stepnowski
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Surface Waxes

The chemical composition of somatic hybrids between Nicotiana tabacum and N. debneyi

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Court ◽  
Robert Pocs ◽  
John G. Hendel ◽  
J. E. Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Parental Species ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Leaf Quality ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Nicotiana Debneyi ◽  
The Individual

The chemical composition of somatic hybrids resulting from six separate fusion events involving Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana debneyi was examined in relation to that of the parental species. Nonvolatile organic acids, fatty acids, phenolic constituents, plastid pigments, tobacco alkaloids, solanesol, and individual cembranes and paraffins of the surface waxes were determined in green tissue from field grown plants. The chemical composition of the individual somatic hybrids was often intermediate between the two species; however, there were instances where the concentration of individual constituents was similar to one of the species, or where concentrations were in excess of either parental species. Given the importance of leaf quality to the value of a tobacco crop, careful attention to chemical constituents during backcrossing and introgression is advocated.Key words: Somatic hybrids, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotiana debneyi, tobacco chemistry

scholarly journals Relationship between the Chemical Composition and the Biological Functions of Coffee

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (24) ◽  
pp. 7634
Author(s):  
Shah Saud ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Biological Function ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Theoretical Support ◽  
The World ◽  
Further Development

Coffee is a Rubiaceae coffee plant ranked as the first of the three most important beverages in the world, with effects including lowering blood sugar, protecting the liver, and protecting the nerves. Coffee contains many chemical components, including alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and so on. Chemical components in coffee are the basis of its biological function and taste. The chemical components are the basis of biological activities and form the characteristic aroma of coffee. The main chemical components and biological activities of coffee have been extensively studied, which would provide a relevant basis and theoretical support for the further development of the coffee industry.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and biological functions of Listeria monocytogenes cell wall preparations.

1983 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 1114-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
N W Hether ◽  
P A Campbell ◽  
L A Baker ◽  
L L Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Biological Functions

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FLUE-CURED TOBACCO CULTIVARS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVITIES TO WEATHER FLECK

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
WILLIAM A. COURT ◽  
JOHN G. HENDEL
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Surface Waxes

Experiments were conducted in 1976, 1977 and 1978 to examine the chemical composition of four flue-cured tobacco cultivars (Nicotiana tabacum L.) with a range of weather fleck tolerances. Weather fleck is associated with the air pollution injury to plants. The amount of surface wax was positively related to the weather fleck tolerance. Individual phenolic constituents, nonvolatile organic acids and fatty acids were not related to weather fleck tolerance in the tobacco cultivars used in the study.Key words: Weather fleck, flue-cured tobacco, surface waxes, phenolic constituents, organic and fatty acids

Chemical Composition and Morphology of Epicuticular Waxes from Leaves of Solanum tuberosum

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sen
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Solanum Nigrum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Epicuticular Waxes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Surface Waxes ◽  
Solanaceous Plants

The chemical com position and morphology of leaf surface waxes of Solanum tuberosum were analysed using FT - IR . GLC and MS studies. There is a predominance of saturated and long chained components resulting in a crystalline wax layer in the form of ribbons, n-alkanes are a major constituent with C31 being p rominent. Wax esters and 5-alcohols form the other major components. Wax composition of five other solanaceous plants, viz., Solanum eleagnifolium, Lycopersicon esculentum, Nicotiana tabacum, Datura stromonium and Solanum nigrum were compared with those of potato using TLC techniques and do not show any qualitative differences.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

On the Inhomogeneity of Chemical Composition over the Surface of 21 Per

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 343-349
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Glagolevsky ◽  
K.I. Kozlova ◽  
V.S. Lebedev ◽  
N.S. Polosukhina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Spectral Line ◽  
Variable Star ◽  
Radial Velocities ◽  
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
Magnetic Variable

SummaryThe magnetic variable star 21 Per has been studied from 4 and 8 Å/mm spectra obtained with the 2.6 - meter reflector of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory. Spectral line intensities (Wλ) and radial velocities (Vr) have been measured.

Structural Studies on Mitotic Spindle Fibres

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-626
Author(s):  
J.R. Mcintosh
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Mitotic Apparatus ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Medical Interest ◽  
Spindle Fibres

The mitotic apparatus is a structure of obvious biological and medical interest, but it has proved to be a difficult cellular machine to understand. The chemical composition of the spindle is only slightly elucidated, largely because of the difficulties in preparing useful isolates of the structure. Chemical studies of the mitotic spindle have been reviewed elsewhere (Mcintosh, 1977), and will not be discussed further here. One would think that structural studies on the mitotic apparatus (MA) in situ would be straightforward, but even with this approach there is some disagreement in the results obtained with various methods and by different investigators. In this paper I will review briefly the approaches which have been used in structural studies of the MA, pointing out the strengths and problems of each approach. I will summarize the principal findings of the different methods, and identify what seem to be fruitful avenues for further work.

Effects of 5-5'-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) and Thyroxine on the Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Rat Liver

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 570-571
Author(s):  
E. A. Elfont ◽  
R. B. Tobin ◽  
D. G. Colton ◽  
M. A. Mehlman
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Future Study ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Biochemical Effects ◽  
Glycerophosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary5,-5'-diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin (DPTH) is an effective inhibitor of thyroxine (T4) stimulation of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase in rat liver mitochondria. Because this finding indicated a possible tool for future study of the mode of action of thyroxine, the ultrastructural and biochemical effects of DPTH and/or thyroxine on rat liver mere investigated.Rats were fed either standard or DPTH (0.06%) diet for 30 days before T4 (250 ug/kg/day) was injected. Injection of T4 occurred daily for 10 days prior to sacrifice. After removal of the liver and kidneys, part of the tissue was frozen at -50°C for later biocheailcal analyses, while the rest was prefixed in buffered 3.5X glutaraldehyde (390 mOs) and post-fixed in buffered 1Z OsO4 (376 mOs). Tissues were embedded in Araldlte 502 and the sections examined in a Zeiss EM 9S.Hepatocytes from hyperthyroid rats (Fig. 2) demonstrated enlarged and more numerous mitochondria than those of controls (Fig. 1). Glycogen was almost totally absent from the cytoplasm of the T4-treated rats.

Applications of Photoelectron Microscopy

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 506-507
Author(s):  
William J. Baxter
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Electron Optics ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Crystalline Orientation ◽  
Fluorescent Screen

In this form of electron microscopy, photoelectrons emitted from a metal by ultraviolet radiation are accelerated and imaged onto a fluorescent screen by conventional electron optics. image contrast is determined by spatial variations in the intensity of the photoemission. The dominant source of contrast is due to changes in the photoelectric work function, between surfaces of different crystalline orientation, or different chemical composition. Topographical variations produce a relatively weak contrast due to shadowing and edge effects.Since the photoelectrons originate from the surface layers (e.g. ∼5-10 nm for metals), photoelectron microscopy is surface sensitive. Thus to see the microstructure of a metal the thin layer (∼3 nm) of surface oxide must be removed, either by ion bombardment or by thermal decomposition in the vacuum of the microscope.

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