The Impact of Tobacco Smoke in the Home

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Siyu Dai ◽  
Kate C. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
The Impact

The impact of commonly used air filters in eliminating the exposure to secondhand smoke constituents

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
Chris A. Pritsos ◽  
Thivanka Muthumalage
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Air Filters ◽  
Machine System ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exposure To Secondhand Smoke

The use of microchip controlled TE-10 smoke machine system with 3R4F research cigarettes as a part of the experimental design in order to create an atmosphere with environmental tobacco smoke constituents.

scholarly journals Impact of banning smoking in cars with children on exposure to second-hand smoke: a natural experiment in England and Scotland

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony A Laverty ◽  
Thomas Hone ◽  
Philip E. Anyanwu ◽  
David Taylor Robinson ◽  
Frank de Vocht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Second Hand Smoke ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Difference In Difference ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Survey Weighting ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTA ban on smoking in cars with children was implemented in April 2015 in England and December 2016 in Scotland. With survey data from both countries (NEngland=3,483-6,920 and NScotland=232-319), we used this natural experiment to assess the impact of the ban using a difference-in-differences approach. We conducted logistic regression analyses within a Difference-in-Difference framework and adjusted for age, sex, a marker of deprivation and survey weighting for non-response. Among children aged 13-15 years, self-reported levels of regular exposure to smoke in cars were 3.4% in 2012, 2.2% in 2014 and 1.3% in 2016 for Scotland and 6.3%, 5.9% and 1.6% in England. The ban was associated with a 73% reduction (95%CI -59%, -81%) in self-reported exposure to tobacco smoke among children.

scholarly journals The effect of cigarette smoking on endothelial damage and atherosclerosis development – modeled and analyzed using Petri nets

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaja Chmielewska ◽  
Dorota Formanowicz ◽  
Piotr Formanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Petri Nets ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation ◽  
Atherosclerosis Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Atherosclerosis as one of the crucial causes of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) is the leading reason of death worldwide. One of the contributing factors to this phenomenon is endothelial dysfunction, which is associated with the impact of various agents and their interactions. Tobacco smoke is one of the well known factors here. For better understanding of its significance a model of its impact on atherosclerotic plaque formation has been proposed. The model contains selected aspects of the influence of tobacco smoke, dual function of nitric oxide (NO) (influence of various mechanisms on NO bioavailability), oxidative stress which promotes low density lipoproteins oxidation, macrophages significance and other mechanisms leading to an aggravation of the endothelial disturbances. The model has been built using Petri nets theory and the analysis has been based on t-invariants. This approach allowed to confirm the important role of inflammation and oxidative stress in atherosclerosis development and moreover it has shown the considerable influence of the cigarette smoke.

The Impact of Ethanol and Tobacco Smoke on Intranasal Epithelium in the Rat

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Vent ◽  
Sande Bartels ◽  
Gleb Haynatzki ◽  
Martha J. Gentry-Nielsen ◽  
Donald A. Leopold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Indoor air pollution and tobacco smoke exposure: impact on nasopharyngeal bacterial carriage in mothers and infants in an African birth cohort study

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 00052-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Vanker ◽  
Polite M. Nduru ◽  
Whitney Barnett ◽  
Felix S. Dube ◽  
Peter D. Sly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carriage ◽  
The Impact

Indoor air pollution (IAP) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure may influence nasopharyngeal carriage of bacterial species and development of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate the impact of antenatal or postnatal IAP/ETS exposure on nasopharyngeal bacteria in mothers and infants.A South African cohort study followed mother–infant pairs from birth through the first year. Nasopharyngeal swabs were taken at birth, 6 and 12 months for bacterial culture. Multivariable and multivariate Poisson regression investigated associations between nasopharyngeal bacterial species and IAP/ETS. IAP exposures (particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds) were measured at home visits. ETS exposure was measured through maternal and infant urine cotinine. Infants received the 13-valent pneumococcal andHaemophilus influenzaeB conjugate vaccines.There were 881 maternal and 2605 infant nasopharyngeal swabs. Antenatal ETS exposure was associated withStreptococcus pneumoniaecarriage in mothers (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) 1.73 (95% CI 1.03–2.92)) while postnatal ETS exposure was associated with carriage in infants (aRR 1.14 (95% CI 1.00–1.30)) Postnatal particulate matter exposure was associated with the nasopharyngeal carriage ofH. influenzae(aRR 1.68 (95% CI 1.10– 2.57)) orMoraxella catarrhalis(aRR 1.42 (95% CI 1.03–1.97)) in infants.Early-life environmental exposures are associated with an increased prevalence of specific nasopharyngeal bacteria during infancy, which may predispose to LRTI.

scholarly journals Waterpipe tobacco smoke toxicity: the impact of waterpipe size

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. s90-s94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy DeForest Hauser ◽  
Ronnae Mailig ◽  
Hannah Stadtler ◽  
Jenna Reed ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Alveolar Cells ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Total Particle ◽  
Type Ii Alveolar Cells ◽  
Particle Sizer ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionWaterpipe tobacco smoking continues to show increasing popularity, especially among individuals between 18 and 22 years old. Waterpipe tobacco smoke (WTS) is a mixture of particulates and gases formed from the combustion of the charcoal and volatilisation and humidification of the tobacco+humectant+flavouring substrate known as shisha or mu’assel. As such, variation in the configuration of the waterpipe may affect the particles produced. Our study focuses on the effects of waterpipe size on the physical properties and cytotoxicity of the smoke produced.MethodsShisha type and headspace volume were held constant and a modified Beirut puff protocol was followed while the size of the waterpipe was varied. Particle concentrations and size distributions were measured using a TSI Engine Exhaust Particle Sizer. Type II alveolar cells were exposed to smoke at the air-liquid interface and two metrics of cell health analysed.ResultsIn a 30 min session, we observed a decrease in total particle concentration (1014–1013) and mass (10 000–2800 mg/m3) and an increase in particle size (125–170 nm) as pipe height increases from 22 to 55 cm and bowl size from 300 to 1250 mL. Smoke from all pipe sizes caused decreases in lysosomal function (>40%) and membrane integrity (>60%) 24 hours post 57 min exposure, and meet the National Institutes of Health definition of a cytotoxic agent (≥30% decrease in cell viability).ConclusionSmoke from waterpipes of all sizes causes significant alveolar cellular harm, indicating that this device needs regulation as a hazard to human health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Second-Hand Exposure to Electronic Cigarette Vaping under a Real Scenario: Measurements of Ultrafine Particle Number Concentration and Size Distribution and Comparison with Traditional Tobacco Smoke

Toxics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanda Palmisani ◽  
Alessia Di Gilio ◽  
Laura Palmieri ◽  
Carmelo Abenavoli ◽  
Marco Famele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ultrafine Particle ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Number Concentration ◽  
Aerosol Size Distribution ◽  
High Temporal Resolution ◽  
The Impact

The present study aims to evaluate the impact of e-cig second-hand aerosol on indoor air quality in terms of ultrafine particles (UFPs) and potential inhalation exposure levels of passive bystanders. E-cig second-hand aerosol characteristics in terms of UFPs number concentration and size distribution exhaled by two volunteers vaping 15 different e-liquids inside a 49 m3 room and comparison with tobacco smoke are discussed. High temporal resolution measurements were performed under natural ventilation conditions to simulate a realistic exposure scenario. Results showed a systematic increase in UFPs number concentration (part cm−3) related to a 20-min vaping session (from 6.56 × 103 to 4.01 × 104 part cm−3), although this was one up to two order of magnitude lower than that produced by one tobacco cigarette consumption (from 1.12 × 105 to 1.46 × 105 part cm−3). E-cig second-hand aerosol size distribution exhibits a bimodal behavior with modes at 10.8 and 29.4 nm in contrast with the unimodal typical size distribution of tobacco smoke with peak mode at 100 nm. In the size range 6–26 nm, particles concentration in e-cig second-hand aerosol were from 2- (Dp = 25.5 nm) to 3800-fold (Dp = 9.31 nm) higher than in tobacco smoke highlighting that particles exhaled by users and potentially inhaled by bystanders are nano-sized with high penetration capacity into human airways.

scholarly journals Outcome of Tobacco Smoking Habit on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant parameters in Anemic Individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1481-1485
Author(s):  
Nirjala Laxmi Madhikarmi ◽  
Madhav Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxide ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Oxidative Effects ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Globally tobacco smoking is considered as a foremost public health problem. Erythrocytes membrane lipids are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and the oxidative effects of oxygen on its membrane are greater than other tissues and the condition is heightened by tobacco smoke.Free radicals present in the tobacco increases peroxidation products in blood and vascular tissues are chiefly responsible for harmful effects. Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the impact of stress induced by tobacco smoke on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant parameters in patients with anemia. Methodology: A hospital-based case-control study was carried out in Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, included 150 tobacco smoking anemic and 150 healthy volunteers. The stress parameter was assessed by the determination of malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide. The non-enzymatic antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E and total antioxidant activity and enzymatic antioxidants were catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were also determined. Result: Hemoglobin level in anemic smokers showed raised level as compared to healthyindividualsbut there was diminished antioxidants status and elevated free radical parameters in anemic smokersdespite their raised hemoglobin status.We found statistically increased malondialdehyde, lipid hydroperoxide and nitric oxide levels and decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status, thus increasing the oxidative stress. Conclusion: The present study showed high concentration of hemoglobin, low status of non-enzymatic antioxidants and high levels of oxidants as compared to controls reflecting the destructive and oxidative effects of tobacco smoke.

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