scholarly journals The Aśokan Empire

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-70
Author(s):  
William J. Long
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Political Pluralism ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The One

AbstractThis chapter introduces the first case study that serves as empirical referent for a Buddhist approach to statecraft in ancient times by considering the early kingdom of Aśoka. This chapter and the one that follows offer “proofs of concept” for the possibility of applying Buddhist ideas in the practice of politics and statecraft. Aśoka governed according to the dharma, meaning principles and policies that reflect Buddha’s teachings, although Aśoka expressed his principles and policies in edicts written in nonreligious, nonexclusive language. Aśoka’s rule was characterized by the promotion of nonviolence; social welfare; environmental protection; religious tolerance; political pluralism; the fair and compassionate administration of justice; and sound and responsive public administration meaning transparency, accessibility, impartiality, and accountability. His foreign policy was founded on principles of nonviolence, nonaggression, conciliation, stability, and improved understanding among international actors through diplomacy and mutually beneficial commerce. Aśoka even practiced the exercise of “soft power” by establishing medical facilities in foreign lands, sharing beneficial plants, and installing infrastructure beyond his immediate borders as acts of goodwill toward neighboring countries. While these governing principles and policies may be commonplace today, Aśoka, it should be remembered, governed in Asia in the third century B.C.E.

Mathematical Mysteries in Byzantium

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Herrin
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Greek Text ◽  
Nontrivial Solutions ◽  
Fermat's Last Theorem ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fermat’S Last Theorem ◽  
Mathematical Problems ◽  
The One

This chapter examines how the mathematical mysteries of Diophantus were preserved, embellished, developed, and enjoyed in Byzantium by many generations of amateur mathematicians like Pierre de Fermat, who formulated what became known as Fermat's last theorem. Fermat was a seventeenth-century scholar and an amateur mathematician who developed several original concepts in addition to the famous “last theorem.” One of his sources was the Arithmetika, a collection of number problems written by Diophantus, a mathematician who appears to have flurished in Alexandria in the third century AD. It was through the Greek text translated into Latin that Fermat became familiar with Diophantus's mathematical problems, and in particular the one at book II, 8, which encouraged the formulation of his own last theorem. Fermat's last theorem claims that “the equation xn + yn = zn has no nontrivial solutions when n is greater than 2”.

The design(ing) of language

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-85
Author(s):  
Grant Goodall
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Inflectional Morphology ◽  
Human Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Design Property ◽  
The Creation ◽  
John Wilkins ◽  
Fundamental Design

Courses on invented languages can do much more than just introduce students to linguistics. Through three case studies, it is shown that as students learn how to design a language, they also learn about the design of human language in a way that is unlikely to occur in other courses. The first case study involves the creation of a lexicon, in relation to John Wilkins’ invented language of 1668 and to Saussurean arbitrariness, commonly regarded as a fundamental design property of human language. The second case study concerns phonemic inventories. By designing their own from scratch, students see the competing pressures that phonemic inventories must satisfy in all languages. The third case study concerns inflectional morphology and the pressures that determine the form of particular morphemes. All of these case studies are accessible to students and help them engage with important aspects of the design properties of human language.

Talking Technologically in Preschool and School: Three Case Examples

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn Fleer
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Technology Education ◽  
Early Childhood Teacher ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
The Third ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
First Case ◽  
Insight Into

This paper details three examples of technology education in process. The first case study highlights how an early childhood teacher comes to think about and plan for technology education. A series of diary entries are included to show the progression in thinking. In the second case study, a preschool teacher shows how very young children can participate in technology education. In the third case study a Year 3 teacher reveals how young children can become investigators in a simulated architects studio. The focus is on following the children's technological questions. All three case studies provide some insight into the sort of technological language that can be fostered in early childhood.

scholarly journals The presence of supposedly primitive human tools along the upper reaches of the Kizil Irmak in Anatolia

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
D. P. Erdbrink ◽  
H. R. Van Heekeren
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Red River ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The One ◽  
Terrace Level ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract. The first indications of the existence of fluviatile terraces in E. Anatolia were reported recently by Izbirak (1962) and Ketin (1962). The present authors have made a rapid and superficial exploration of a terrace system containing a maximum of five to seven different levels along the upper reaches of the great Kizil Irmak or Red River between Sivas and Kayseri in E. Anatolia. This region partly overlaps, but lies mostly to the North of the region described by Izbirak. It appears that the terrace levels are fairly constant along the mentioned stretch of the river. They disappear suddenly farther downstream. With Izbirak the present authors are of opinion that the formation of these terraces is probably due to tectonic activities in the first place and only secondarily to climatic influences. One terrace level, the third (counting from the lowest level) consistently contained a very limited number of what the authors suppose to be primitive artefacts, among which there are some pebble-tools. These are described in the paper; they may indicate the presence of hominids in Turkey during the earliest part of the Pleistocene. In one case a fossil molar of a Hipparion was found in this third level in situ, partly covered by the same petrified red loam which also enveloped some of the supposed artefacts. No exact dating of the terraces is as yet possible, but it may be inferred that the oldest and highest ones are Tertiary, the one containing the artefacts perhaps lowermost Pleistocene, and the lowest ones young Pleistocene or even Holocene. Some time ago Izbirak (1962) published a geomorphological study of part of the region along the upper reaches of the Kizil Irmak in Turkey. Without being aware of the results of this study, the present authors made some observations in almost the same area. Although of a different nature these coincide very well with Izbirak's conclusions. Thanks to a grant-in-aid assigned to one of us by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research at New York, the voyage, and the collecting of material in Turkey, was made possible. We would like to thank the authorities of this Foundation for the rendering of this financial aid; the authorities of the Netherlands Embassy at Ankara, and Professor A. A. Cense at Istanbul, should receive our thanks and gratitude for the aid and advice given us during our stay The region visited by us was part of the upper valley of the Kizil Irmak, the Halys river of ancient times, lying between the cities of Sivas and Kayseri. Our observations began immediately downstream from Sivas at both sides of the river over a continuous stretch of approximately 20 kilometres. Lower downstream a number of traverses at right angles to the river valley's axis was made.

scholarly journals Mening med vrøvlet

Barnboken ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus K. Madsen ◽  
Lea Allouche
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Picture Book ◽  
The Other ◽  
Creative Development ◽  
The Third ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
First Case ◽  
The One ◽  
Acoustic Phenomenon

Making Sense of Nonsense: Readings of Children’s Poetry as Play and Creative Thinking Abstract: Nonsense and meaning are not necessarily conflicting concepts, but can be conceived of as a hendiadys, that is, not opposites, the one or the other, but as one and the other. The idea that meaning and nonsense are related and coexist is a premise for this article, which describes different structures of meaning in the nonsense poetry of Birgitte Krogsbøll and Kamilla Wichmann’s picture book Funkelgnister: Rim, råb og remser (2015, Glittersparks: Rhymes, Roars and Rigmaroles). By linking our analysis of Funkelgnister to Johan Huizinga’s theory of play as a prerequisite for culture, we reveal how the specific structures and logics of the poems generate meaning and thereby we disclose how children’s nonsense poetry is simultaneously meaningful and nonsensical, as a creative thinking akin to culture developed through play and playfulness. We describe how meaning can be sought in three directions, suggested by Gilles Deleuze: above, below and on the surface. In the first case, we consider nonsense as a seductive acoustic phenomenon. In the second, we focus on nonsense poetry as subversive. And finally, in the third case, we show how it is an event. In all, these different aspects demonstrate how nonsense poetry functions as play and challenges our understanding of what it means to read. Following Jurij Lotman’s understanding of pictorial language as creative thinking, we show how nonsense in Funkelgnister opens up a free space by utilizing an in-between, where meaning takes on different forms as signs and sounds, and how the inherent rejection of normative rules of reading in such a venture, initiates a production of meaning as metonymic activity. We thereby highlight how nonsense generates a ground for a creative development of meaning. 

scholarly journals Features of treatment in children with fractures of the distal metaphysis of the shin bones: cases report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-460
Author(s):  
Alexander I. Dorokhin ◽  
Anastasia A. Adrianova ◽  
Vladimir I. Khudik ◽  
Dmitriy S. Sorokin ◽  
Alexey K. Goryunov
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scans ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Main Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Fractures In Children ◽  
Poor Treatment ◽  
Rehabilitation Period

This case study discusses the treatment of distal methapyphiseal fractures of shin in children. The choice of this problem based on wide expansion of fractures and poor treatment results. Age of children ranges from 10 to 16 years. Examination was done with X-rays, computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound, especially in cases where damaged ligamentous apparatus was suspicious. The main method of treatment was surgicalosteosynthesis by pins, plates, and screws. In the rehabilitation period, the legs were immobilized by Plaster of Paris for 46 weeks. The first case demonstrated the probability of damage of the distal tibiofibularis ligaments and necessity of their reconstruction. In the management of the second case, the efficacy of CT scans in validation of the fracture is presented. The treatment of the teenager presented in the third case was based on biomechanical principles. In majority of cases, outcomes in the period of 68 weeks after trauma were good and satisfactory. In our opinion, diagnosis and treatment of distal methapyphiseal fractures of the shin in children must be different that was proved in the examination of bones and ligaments injuries. Creation of the special structure classification for understanding and effective treatment of these kinds of methepyphiseal fractures in children is believed to be necessar.

Neo-Pythagoreanism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hermann S. Schibli
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Third ◽  
The One ◽  
Immortality Of The Soul

Neo-Pythagoreanism is a term used by modern scholars to refer to the revival of Pythagorean philosophy and way of life in the first century bc. It coincides with the redevelopment of Platonic thought known as Middle Platonism. Neo-Pythagoreans elaborated a mathematical metaphysics in which the highest level of being was occupied by a transcendent principle, equated with ‘the One’ or ‘the Monad’ and regarded as the source of all reality. Neo-Pythagorean anthropology reaffirmed the ancient Pythagorean belief in the immortality of the soul. Although Neo-Pythagoreanism is often indistinguishable from Middle Platonism, it is characterized by a tendency to see Pythagoras as the father of all true philosophers, including Plato. In the third century ad Neo-Pythagoreanism was absorbed into Neoplatonism.

The Diffusion of Christianity in the Third Century AD as a Case-Study in the Theory of Cultural Selection

2004 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. RUNCIMAN
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Third Century ◽  
Cultural Selection ◽  
Free Riders ◽  
The Third ◽  
Game Theoretic

Explanation of the growth of Christianity in the third century Roman Empire has long been controversial. However, recent game-theoretic research shows how a strategy of unconditional altruism such as Christianity formally enjoined can, under certain conditions, resist invasion by defectors, free-riders and cheats. It is accordingly plausible to suggest that in the particular environment of the third century Empire this uniquely distinguishing feature of Christianity accounts for much of its otherwise surprising degree of success.

scholarly journals Independent Publisher in the Networks of Translation

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Buzelin
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
First Case ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
Book Selling ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The Way

Abstract Over the past ten years, the publishing and book selling industries (in Canada and elsewhere) have undergone a process of hyper-concentration that seems to threaten the future of independent publishing. How might this changing environment reflect on the attitudes of independent publishers toward translation and on the way they handle translation projects? This is the question this article seeks to examine. It is based on the first case study of a research programme that consists in following, by use of an ethnographic approach, the production process of literary translations in three independent Montréal-based publishing houses: from negotiations over the acquisition of translation rights to the launch of the translation. The article is divided into three parts. The first explains the rationale, methodology and ethics underlying this research; the second part tells the story of the title under study in a way that highlights the range of actors involved in the production of this translation, their own constraints and concerns, as well as the way publishing, editorial and linguistic/stylistic decisions intertwine. Based on this particular case, the third part discusses some of the strategies a publisher and his collaborators may devise in order to produce literary translations in an independent but network-based, competitive way. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies of cooperation such as co-translation and co-edition publishing, as well as on the role played by literary agents in the allocation of translation rights.

scholarly journals An innovative approach to reducing pain in patients with peripheral neuropathy related to HIV: A single case study

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie A. Benjamin ◽  
Jennifer Jelsma
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Symptom Relief ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Single Case Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
First Case ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

Introduction: Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is the most common neurological condition seen in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been estimated to be present in up to 30% of people with AIDS. Prevalence may be increasing as it appears to be related to the use of antiretroviral therapy in many cases, particularly medication containing stavudine. It is often characterised by burning and numbness in the feet. It can interfere severely with function and sufferers resort to a large number of strategies in an attempt to reduce pain.Case presentation: A 50-year-old man presented with severe PN and showed symptoms of extreme weakness and sensitivity of both lower limbs. His symptoms gradually worsened over a period of 18 months to such an extent that he was unable to walk. Medication had no effect on his pain or related symptoms. The authors tested the use of a Vibromat clinical vibrator to treat his PN symptoms. The patient was treated using the same modality for five evenly spaced (monthly) sessions.Outcome: The patient showed marked improvement in pain, numbness and pins and needles symptoms after the first session. He was able to walk a short distance with assistance. Treatment was continued and after the third session he was able to walk unaided. Symptom relief was maintained for 4 months.Conclusion: This is the first case demonstrating the use of the Vibromat in successfully treating the signs and symptoms of PN. This is important for clinicians who manage patients with HIV-related PN and pain.

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