Structuring the Hierarchy to Make Trade-Offs: Benefits, Costs, Perceived Benefits, and Perceived Costs

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-71
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Saaty ◽  
H. J. Zoffer ◽  
Luis G. Vargas ◽  
Amos Guiora
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Perceived Costs

scholarly journals The Construction of Apparel Brand Value Perception Based on Grounded Theory: A Case Study of the Intellectual 80’s Women in Hangzhou

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Bian ◽  
Yiling Zhang ◽  
Ziying Yu
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Perceived Value ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Brand Value ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Value Perception ◽  
Functional Value ◽  
Emotional Value ◽  
Perceived Costs

In terms of the theoretical vacancy of apparel brand perceived value, this paper explores the dimensions of perceived value of apparel brand from the perspective of consumers. With lessons from grounded theory, one can build initial model of apparel brand value system through depth interviews, substantial coding, and theoretical saturation detection. Then, by means of quantitative empirical research, the logical relationship between factors can be investigated via factor analysis and independent test. The results show that the perceived value theory conclude two dimensions namely the perceived benefits and perceived costs. The perceived benefits includes functional value, social value, emotional value, cognitive value, experience value. Perceived costs includes purchase costs &risks and the use cost. It also fully demonstrates the relative importance in perceiving various dimensions of apparel brand for the intellectual 80’s women in Hangzhou.

scholarly journals Persuasive Effects of Message Framing and Narrative Format on Promoting COVID-19 Vaccination: A Study on Chinese College Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9485
Author(s):  
WeiMing Ye ◽  
Qian Li ◽  
Shubin Yu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Chinese College Students ◽  
Perceived Severity ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Narrative Format ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
Perceived Costs

During a public health crisis, the provision and dissemination of health-related information are important for the relevant authorities to keep the public informed. By using different types of message framing, the authorities can effectively guide and persuade people to adopt health-related behaviors (such as vaccination). In this study, a web-based experiment using a 2 × 2 (message framing: gain framing versus loss framing) × (message presentation: narrative versus non-narrative) design was conducted to investigate the effects of different message frames on vaccination promotion. In total, 298 college students were recruited to participate in this study. The results suggest that, for message framing, loss-framed (vs. gain-framed) messages lead to higher intentions to get vaccinated. Furthermore, compared with non-narrative messages, narrative messages are more persuasive in promoting vaccination behavior. However, the interaction effect between gain–loss message framing and narrative framing is not significant. Additionally, perceived severity, perceived benefits, and perceived costs mediate the effect of narrative framing on behavioral intentions. In other words, compared with non-narrative messages, narrative messages lead to higher levels of perceived severity and perceived benefits, and a lower level of perceived costs, which in turn increase intentions to get vaccinated. This paper provides insightful implications for both researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Materialism, Ecological Consciousness and Purchasing Intention of Electric Vehicles: An Empirical Analysis among Chinese Consumers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2964
Author(s):  
Dongming Wu ◽  
Liukai Yu ◽  
Qianqian Zhang ◽  
Yangyang Jiao ◽  
Yuhe Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Chinese Consumers ◽  
Ecological Consciousness ◽  
Consumer Resistance ◽  
Value Perceptions ◽  
Perceived Costs

Electric vehicles (EVs) have great potential for solving problems that threaten sustainability. However, the market penetration of EVs is difficult and slow. From the perspective of consumer resistance, this study proposes a theoretical model to investigate the impacts of two growing personal values in the Chinese context (materialism and ecological consciousness) on consumers’ purchase intention of EVs. The research model was empirically examined with online survey data from 511 general Chinese consumers. The results indicate that consumer resistance is a crucial element hindering EV consumption and that materialism will promote consumer resistance by exerting a positive impact on perceived costs and a negative impact on perceived benefits of purchasing EVs, while ecological consciousness can effectively prevent consumers from developing a resistant attitude by increasing perceived benefits and decreasing perceived costs of purchasing EVs. Furthermore, the mediation tests suggest that value perceptions (perceived costs and perceived benefits) fully mediate the effects of materialism and ecological consciousness on consumer resistance and that resistant attitude fully mediates the relationships between value perceptions and purchase intention of EVs. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by investigating the influence of materialism and ecological consciousness on EV consumption and verifying the underlying mechanism linking them. Practically, the findings of this study can provide valuable insights for promoting the market penetration of EVs.

What Is the Cyber Offense-Defense Balance? Conceptions, Causes, and Assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Slayton
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Organizational Skills ◽  
Complex Information ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Perceived Costs

Most scholars and policymakers claim that cyberspace favors the offense; a minority of scholars disagree. Sweeping claims about the offense-defense balance in cyberspace are misguided because the balance can be assessed only with respect to specific organizational skills and technologies. The balance is defined in dyadic terms, that is, the value less the costs of offensive operations and the value less the costs of defensive operations. The costs of cyber operations are shaped primarily by the organizational skills needed to create and manage complex information technology efficiently. The current success of offense results primarily from poor defensive management and the relatively simpler goals of offense; it can be very costly to exert precise physical effects using cyberweapons. An empirical analysis shows that the Stuxnet cyberattacks on Iran's nuclear facilities very likely cost the offense much more than the defense. The perceived benefits of both the Stuxnet offense and defense, moreover, were likely two orders of magnitude greater than the perceived costs, making it unlikely that decisionmakers focused on costs.

scholarly journals Perceived Benefits and Costs Contribute to Young and Older Adults’ Selectivity in Social Relationships

GeroPsych ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-51
Author(s):  
Erica L. O’Brien ◽  
Thomas M. Hess
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Network Centrality ◽  
Perceived Benefits ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Engagement Theory ◽  
Benefits And Costs ◽  
Perceived Costs ◽  
Willingness To Engage

Abstract. This article explores the influence of perceived benefits and costs on willingness to engage in social interactions in 32 young adults aged 20 to 40 years and 38 older adults aged 65 to 85 years. Results showed (1) increases in perceived benefits and importance of each relationship but decreases in perceived costs associated with increases in network centrality, (2) reduced willingness in older adults to engage with social partners for whom perceived costs outweighed benefits, and (3) perceived costs and benefits subsumed the effects of the affective qualities of social interactions. Findings support an analysis of social behavior based on the selective engagement theory ( Hess, 2014 ), with selection effects in willingness to engage in social interactions related to perceived benefits and costs.

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