Biomarkers in Gastrointestinal System Carcinomas

2022 ◽  
pp. 165-199
Author(s):  
Burcin Pehlivanoglu ◽  
S. Mehtat Unlu
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal System

Covid-19: A review of its clinical features, effects on gastrointestinal system and possibility of faecal transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 623-627
Author(s):  
Kanishk K Adhit ◽  
Anjankar Ashish P ◽  
Siddhaarth K
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
High Possibility ◽  
Positive Results

In China, Wuhan in the province of China, COVID-19 a patient suffering from pneumonia was tested and to identify the cause, the throat swab of the patient was tested. On 7th January 2020 WHO declared the identification as COVID-19. And then it was proclaimed as a pandemic. It classically causes a respiratory illness presenting as a mild cough, fever and . However, several investigators have advocated the involvement of the gastrointestinal tract and liver in COVID-19 infection similar to other infections. Further research studies have shown results that are expanding the possibility of transmission because RT-PCR assessment has shown significant evidence for the presence of virus not only in samples but also in stool samples. Studies have shown that virus in stool samples have got positive results even after the illness has resolved, and two respiratory tests were done 24 hours after COVID-19 being tested negative. The review article the different findings of the clinical presentation of COVID-19. It sheds light on the effects of COVID-19 in the gastrointestinal system along with the reasons for the high possibility of transmission of COVID-19 through the route.

Mitigation of Radiation-induced Gastrointestinal System Injury using Resveratrol or Alpha-lipoic Acid: A Pilot Histopathological Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-424
Author(s):  
Bagher Farhood ◽  
Gholamreza Hassanzadeh ◽  
Peyman Amini ◽  
Dheyauldeen Shabeeb ◽  
Ahmed Eleojo Musa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Alpha Lipoic Acid ◽  
Pilot Investigation ◽  
Radiation Induced

Aim: In this study, we aimed to determine possible mitigation of radiationinduced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon using post-exposure treatment with resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid. Background: After the bone marrow, gastrointestinal system toxicity is the second critical cause of death following whole-body exposure to radiation. Its side effects reduce the quality of life of patients who have undergone radiotherapy. Resveratrol has an antioxidant effect and stimulates DNA damage responses (DDRs). Alpha-lipoic acid neutralizes free radicals via the recycling of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol. Objective: This study is a pilot investigation of the mitigation of enteritis using resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid following histopathological study. Methods: 60 male mice were randomly assigned to six groups; control, resveratrol treatment, alpha-lipoic acid treatment, whole-body irradiation, irradiation plus resveratrol, and irradiation plus alpha-lipoic acid. The mice were irradiated with a single dose of 7 Gy from a cobalt-60 gamma-ray source. Treatment with resveratrol or alpha-lipoic acid started 24 h after irradiation and continued for 4 weeks. All mice were sacrificed after 30 days for histopathological evaluation of radiation-induced toxicities in the duodenum, jejunum and colon. Results and Conclusion: Exposure to radiation caused mild to severe damages to vessels, goblet cells and villous. It also led to significant infiltration of macrophages and leukocytes, especially in the colon. Both resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid were able to mitigate morphological changes. However, they could not mitigate vascular injury. Conclusion: Resveratrol and alpha-lipoic acid could mitigate radiation-induced injuries in the small and large intestine. A comparison between these agents showed that resveratrol may be a more effective mitigator compared to alpha-lipoic acid.

Impact of the Fontan Operation on Organ Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-214
Author(s):  
Miriam Michel ◽  
Manuela Zlamy ◽  
Andreas Entenmann ◽  
Karin Pichler ◽  
Sabine Scholl-Bürgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Study ◽  
Fontan Operation ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Fontan Surgery ◽  
Fontan Patients

: In patients having undergone the Fontan operation, besides the well discussed changes in the cardiac, pulmonary and gastrointestinal system, alterations of further organ systems including the hematologic, immunologic, endocrinological and metabolic are reported. As a medical adjunct to Fontan surgery, the systematic study of the central role of the liver as a metabolizing and synthesizing organ should allow for a better understanding of the pathomechanism underlying the typical problems in Fontan patients, and in this context, the profiling of endocrinological and metabolic patterns might offer a tool for the optimization of Fontan follow-up, targeted monitoring and specific adjunct treatment.

scholarly journals The Association between Ranitidine Use and Gastrointestinal Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Gerald McGwin
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancers ◽  
H2 Antagonists ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a carcinogen in experimental animals. It has been classified a probable human carcinogen and has been found in ranitidine. This study sought to evaluate the association between ranitidine use and cancer of the gastrointestinal system. Events reported to the FDA Adverse Events Reporting System that were associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 antagonists were selected. Proportionate reporting ratios (PRRs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to compare the proportion of all reported adverse events that were for gastrointestinal system cancers among adverse event reports for ranitidine to adverse event reports for other H2 antagonists. The proportion of adverse events for any gastrointestinal system cancer relative to all other events was elevated for ranitidine compared to PPIs and other H2 antagonists (PRR 3.66, 95% CI 3.19–4.20). Elevated and significant PRRs were observed for pharyngeal (PRR 9.24), esophageal (PRR 3.56), stomach (PRR 1.48), colorectal (PRR 16.31), liver (PRR 2.64), and pancreatic (PRR 2.18) cancers. The PRRs for anal (PRR 4.62) and gallbladder (PRR 4.62) cancer were also elevated though not statistically significant. In conjunction with a large body of epidemiologic and human and animal basic science research, the study results support the hypothesis that NDMA-contaminated ranitidine increases the risk of cancer and supports the withdrawal of these medications from the market.

Surgery of the Calf Gastrointestinal System

2004 ◽  
pp. 461-484
Author(s):  
Susan L. Fubini ◽  
Norm G. Ducharme
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal System

Nanoencapsulation of vitamin D3 and fortification in an experimental jelly model (Acca sellowiana): bioaccessibility in a simulated gastrointestinal system

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111287
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Zapelini de Melo ◽  
Cleonice Gonçalves da Rosa ◽  
Carolina Montanheiro Noronha ◽  
Michelle Heck Machado ◽  
William Gustavo Sganzerla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Acca Sellowiana

Influence of lyophilized Thymus serpyllum L. extracts on the gastrointestinal system: Spasmolytic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 274-283
Author(s):  
Aleksandra A. Jovanović ◽  
Predrag M. Petrović ◽  
Gordana M. Zdunić ◽  
Katarina P. Šavikin ◽  
Dušanka Kitić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Thymus Serpyllum

Does Alzheimer's disease stem in the gastrointestinal system?

Life Sciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 120088
Author(s):  
Pariya Khodabakhsh ◽  
Maryam Bazrgar ◽  
Leila Dargahi ◽  
Fatemeh Mohagheghi ◽  
Afsaneh Asgari Taei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal System

Primary Pancreatic Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman Disease): An Unusual Extranodal Manifestation Clinically Simulating Malignancy

2010 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Podberezin ◽  
Ronald Angeles ◽  
Grace Guzman ◽  
David Peace ◽  
Sujata Gaitonde
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Sinus Histiocytosis ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Massive Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Rosai Dorfman Disease

Abstract Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), also called Rosai-Dorfman disease, is a rare entity. Its etiology and pathogenesis are still essentially unclear. The histologic hallmark of this disease is proliferation of distinctive histiocytes within lymph node sinuses and in extranodal sites. Approximately 23% of patients with SHML, documented in the SHML Registry, presented with disease primarily in extranodal sites, and very few cases of SHML (<1%) involving the gastrointestinal system have been described in the literature. We report an unusual case of primary pancreatic SHML with infiltration of the process into peripancreatic, perinephric, and perisplenic adipose tissue, simulating malignancy.

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