Anti-inflammatory agents as possible protective factors for Alzheimer’s disease: Analysis of relevant epidemiological studies

2001 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick L. McGeer ◽  
Michael Schulzer ◽  
Edith G. McGeer
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Disease Analysis

scholarly journals A Review: Inflammatory Process in Alzheimer's Disease, Role of Cytokines

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Miguel Rubio-Perez ◽  
Juana Maria Morillas-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder to date. Neuropathological hallmarks areβ-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, but the inflammatory process has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of AD. Inflammatory components related to AD neuroinflammation include brain cells such as microglia and astrocytes, the complement system, as well as cytokines and chemokines. Cytokines play a key role in inflammatory and anti-inflammatory processes in AD. An important factor in the onset of inflammatory process is the overexpression of interleukin (IL)-1, which produces many reactions in a vicious circle that cause dysfunction and neuronal death. Other important cytokines in neuroinflammation are IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. By contrast, other cytokines such as IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-βcan suppress both proinflammatory cytokine production and their action, subsequently protecting the brain. It has been observed in epidemiological studies that treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) decreases the risk for developing AD. Unfortunately, clinical trials of NSAIDs in AD patients have not been very fruitful. Proinflammatory responses may be countered through polyphenols. Supplementation of these natural compounds may provide a new therapeutic line of approach to this brain disorder.

scholarly journals REVIEW ON EVALUATING THE ROLE OF NSAIDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
KRISHNENDU P. R. ◽  
ARJUN B. ◽  
VIBINA K. ◽  
NIVEA CLEO T. S. ◽  
DRISYA N. K. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Symptomatic Relief ◽  
Drug Repurposing ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Activity ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
The Cost

Recently, several studies have been reported that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can fight against neurodegenerative disorders by various mechanisms. Currently, available therapies of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) provide only symptomatic relief. This is the point at which we need an alternative that acts on the root cause of disease. Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease are the two NDs concentrated here. Since the drug profile is already known, drug repurposing is a promising technique in research, thereby reducing the cost and period effectively. Epidemiological studies on various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) showed good results, but when it came to clinical studies the results are found to be poor. Hence, it can be concluded that NSAIDs provide its neuroprotective activity on its long-term use only, as the brain accessibility of this kind of drug is poor due to its lower lipophilicity.

scholarly journals Liraglutide Has Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Amyloid Properties in Streptozotocin-Induced and 5xFAD Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 860
Author(s):  
Leela Paladugu ◽  
Abeer Gharaibeh ◽  
Nivya Kolli ◽  
Cameron Learman ◽  
Tia C. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Brain State ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Recent clinical and epidemiological studies support the contention that diabetes mellitus (DM) is a strong risk factor for the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The use of insulin cell toxin, streptozotocin (STZ), when injected into the lateral ventricles, develops an insulin resistant brain state (IRBS) and represents a non-transgenic, or sporadic AD model (SAD), with several AD-like neuropathological features. The present study explored the effects of an anti-diabetic drug, liraglutide (LIR), in reversing major pathological hallmarks in the prodromal disease stage of both the 5xFAD transgenic and SAD mouse models of AD. Three-month-old 5xFAD and age-matched wild type mice were given a single intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection of STZ or vehicle (saline) and were subsequently treated with LIR, intraperitoneally (IP), once a day for 30 days. The extent of neurodegeneration, Aβ plaque load, and key proteins associated with the insulin signaling pathways were measured using Western blot and neuroinflammation (via immunohistological assays) in the cortical and hippocampal regions of the brain were assessed following a series of behavioral tests used to measure cognitive function after LIR or vehicle treatments. Our results indicated that STZ significantly increased neuroinflammation, Aβ plaque deposition and disrupted insulin signaling pathway, while 25 nmol/kg LIR, when injected IP, significantly decreased neuroinflammatory responses in both SAD and 5xFAD mice before significant cognitive changes were observed, suggesting LIR can reduce early neuropathology markers prior to the emergence of overt memory deficits. Our results indicate that LIR has neuroprotective effects and has the potential to serve as an anti-inflammatory and anti-amyloid prophylactic therapy in the prodromal stages of AD.

Discourse characteristics of patients with mild Alzheimer's disease: Analysis of a picture description task and a procedural explanation task.

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-161
Author(s):  
Rumi Honda ◽  
Harumi Matuura ◽  
Yoko Takatuki ◽  
Toshiko S. Watamori ◽  
Noriko Kamakura
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Picture Description ◽  
Description Task ◽  
Disease Analysis

Natural Anti-inflammatory compounds as Drug candidates in Alzheimer’s disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Abdul Jalil Shah ◽  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Faheem Hyder Potoo ◽  
Mohd. Akbar Dar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Huperzine A ◽  
Brain Disorder ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative brain disorder characterized by memory impairment, dementia, oxidative stress in elderly people. Currently, only a few drugs are available in the market with various adverse effects. So to develop new drugs with protective action against the disease, research is turning to the identification of plant products as a remedy. Natural compounds with anti-inflammatory activity could be good candidates for developing effective therapeutic strategies. Phytochemicals including Curcumin, Resveratrol, Quercetin, Huperzine-A, Rosmarinic acid, genistein, obovatol, and Oxyresvertarol were reported molecules for the treatment of AD. Several alkaloids such as galantamine, oridonin, glaucocalyxin B, tetrandrine, berberine, anatabine have been shown anti-inflammatory effects in AD models in vitro as well as in-vivo. In conclusion, natural products from plants represent interesting candidates for the treatment of AD. This review highlights the potential of specific compounds from natural products along with their synthetic derivatives to counteract AD in the CNS.

Consideration of a Pharmacological Combinatorial Approach to Inhibit Chronic Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1007-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James G. McLarnon
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Preventive Strategy ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
Activated Microglia ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cocktail Approach

A combinatorial cocktail approach is suggested as a rationale intervention to attenuate chronic inflammation and confer neuroprotection in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The requirement for an assemblage of pharmacological compounds follows from the host of pro-inflammatory pathways and mechanisms present in activated microglia in the disease process. This article suggests a starting point using four compounds which present some differential in anti-inflammatory targets and actions but a commonality in showing a finite permeability through Blood-brain Barrier (BBB). A basis for firstchoice compounds demonstrated neuroprotection in animal models (thalidomide and minocycline), clinical trial data showing some slowing in the progression of pathology in AD brain (ibuprofen) and indirect evidence for putative efficacy in blocking oxidative damage and chemotactic response mediated by activated microglia (dapsone). It is emphasized that a number of candidate compounds, other than ones suggested here, could be considered as components of the cocktail approach and would be expected to be examined in subsequent work. In this case, systematic testing in AD animal models is required to rigorously examine the efficacy of first-choice compounds and replace ones showing weaker effects. This protocol represents a practical approach to optimize the reduction of microglial-mediated chronic inflammation in AD pathology. Subsequent work would incorporate the anti-inflammatory cocktail delivery as an adjunctive treatment with ones independent of inflammation as an overall preventive strategy to slow the progression of AD.

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