On Cronbach’s Alpha as the Mean of All Split-Half Reliabilities

2015 ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs J. Warrens
Keyword(s):  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals The 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale: validation of a Portuguese version in HIV patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Aguiar ◽  
C Piñeiro ◽  
R Serrão ◽  
R Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Adherence To Medication ◽  
Morisky Medication Adherence Scale ◽  
Adherence Scale ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has the most effective treatment for people with HIV, but its effectiveness depends on the individual medication adherence. Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) is one of the most widely used scales to assess patient adherence. Thus, we aimed to validate a Portuguese version of MMAS-8 and determine its psychometric properties in HIV positive patients. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João (Porto, northern Portugal) at the infectious diseases department. After authorization to use the scale - granted by the author - and, a standard forward-backwards procedure to translate MMAS-8 to Portuguese, the questionnaire was applied to 233 patients with HIV doing ART. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Three levels of adherence were considered: 0 to < 6 (low), 6 to < 8 (medium), 8 (high). Results In the studied sample, the mean age was 45.03 years (SD = 11.63), 80.3% men, 19.3% women and 1 transgender, and 53.8% had ≤9 years of education. The mean number of prescribed ART per patient was 1.76. The mean score for the medication adherence scale was 7.29 (SD = 6.74). For the reliability analysis, 12 patients were excluded due to missing data (n = 221). Regarding the level of adherence, 22.5% were low adhering, 71.6% medium and 5.9% high. Corrected item-total correlations showed that 1 item does not correlate very well with the overall scale and was dropped. Scale reliability analysis for the remaining 7 items revealed an overall Cronbach's alpha of 0.661. Women had a protective effect on adherence (OR = 0.31;95%CI:0.15-0.66). Number of years doing ART, age of participants, and type of residence didn't show to be correlated with adherence. Conclusions MMAS-8 is a reliable and valid measure to detect patients at risk of non-adherence. A satisfactory Cronbach's alfa (0.661) was obtained. In general, adherence to medication was medium or high. Key messages This scale can be applied nationwide in other different hospitals, as it could serve as a tool for measuring adherence to ART that can allow for better health care to the ones that are low adhering. A Portuguese version of the MMAS-8 was created for measuring adherence to ART that maintained a similar structure to the original MMAS-8 and good psychometric properties.

scholarly journals Validation of Sinhala Version of Brief COPE Scale in Patients with Cancer in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eranthi Weeratunga ◽  
Chandanie Senadheera ◽  
Manjula Hettiarachchi ◽  
Bilesha Perera
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Maladaptive Coping ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Coping strategies are essential in the cancer management/recovery process and show an integral part in patients with cancer globally. In Sri Lanka, validated scales to measure coping are scarce. This study was examined the Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE for its psychometric properties. Methods This scale is self-administered (28 items) and consists of adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies; divided into 14 subscales. Cancer patients were registered ‘first come - first serve’ basis using their appointment register at the Radiotherapy Unit, Oncology ward, Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya, Galle, Sri Lanka. They were requested to complete the Sinhalese version of the Brief COPE and demographic details. Test-retest reliability was checked using the same subjects two weeks later. Factorial validity was performed using exploratory factor and principal component analysis. Results were regarded as statistically significant if p < 0.05. Results The mean (±SD) age of the sample was 61(±12) years. The mean adaptive coping (±SD) and maladaptive coping were 37.50 (±8.14) and 17.10 (±2.44) respectively. The internal consistency of the overall scale was good (Cronbach’s alpha - 0.819). Adaptive and maladaptive coping showed a high Cronbach’s alpha (0.861 and 0.396). The test-retest reliability was found to be 0.66. The Sinhala version of BC was found to have a negative correlation with the CES-D scale but was positively correlated with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. Seven factors were extracted. Conclusion The Sinhala version of the Brief COPE is a valid and reliable tool to assess coping strategies among patients with cancer. The findings of this study would let the health authorities get an understanding of coping strategies among patients with cancer; and the impact on cancer victims and family members to relieve their suffering.

Consensus Analysis for the Panel Responses and the Psychometrics Properties in Script Concordance Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sivaraman Ganesan ◽  
Shital Bhandary ◽  
Mahalakshmy Thulasingam ◽  
Thomas Chacko ◽  
Zayapragassa Rajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Reasoning ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Postgraduate Students ◽  
Consensus Analysis ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Total Correlation ◽  
Consensus Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Script Concordance

Abstract Background: Clinical reasoning is an essential attribute in the teaching, learning, and assessment part of medical education for undergraduates. In using the Script Concordance Test (SCT) to foster clinical reasoning, expert panel members’ responses are initially created. There is no agreement in optimizing the panel members’ responses. Our study aimed to develop and validate an SCT and test the utility of the consensus index and panel response pattern. Methods: The methodology was an evolving pattern of constructing SCTs, administering them to the panel members, optimizing the panel with response pattern and consensus index. The SCT’s final items were chosen to be administered to the students. Item-total correlation and Cronbach’s alpha were calculated from the students’ scores. Results: Our study developed an SCT with 98 items and was administered to 20-panel members. The mean score of the panel members for these 98 items was 79.5 (+/- 4.4 SD). On optimizing with the panel responses, 14 items had a uniform response pattern, and 2 had bimodal response patterns. The consensus index calculated for the 98 item SCT ranged from 25.81 to 100. When the 16 items of bimodal and uniform response pattern were eliminated, the consensus index ranged from 58.65 to 100. We administered this 82 items SCT to 30 undergraduate and ten postgraduate students. The mean score of undergraduate students was 61.1 (+/-7.5 SD), and that of postgraduate students was 67.7 (+/- 6.3 SD), which was statistically significant using an independent t-test. Cronbach’s alpha for this 82 item SCT was 0.74. On analysing the item-total correlation, 22 items had a correlation of less than 0.05. Excluding these 22 poor items, the final SCT instrument of 60 items had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.82. Conclusion: The consensus index can also be used to optimize the items for panel responses in SCT. Our study revealed that a consensus index of above 60 had a good item-total correlation with good internal consistency. Our study also revealed that the panel response clustering pattern could also be used to categorize the items though bimodal and uniform distribution patterns need further differentiation.

scholarly journals Assessment of reliability and validity of original questionnaire to evaluate knowledge of and attitudes towards extending professional powers of nurses and midwives with respect to independent prescription of certain drugs, writing out prescriptions, and referring for diagnostic tests – preliminary report

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36
Author(s):  
Mariusz Panczyk ◽  
Aleksander Zarzeka ◽  
Lucyna Iwanow ◽  
Jarosława Belowska ◽  
Joanna Gotlib
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Alpha Reliability ◽  
Independent Prescription ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nurses And Midwives

AbstractAim of the study. Starting on January 1, 2016, nurses and midwives (NM) acquire extending the professional powers. Assessing the reliability and validity of a questionnaire developed to evaluate the knowledge of and attitudes towards acquiring extending the professional powers of NM.Material and methodology. Forty-two students, voluntary, anonymous, original questionnaire study, 11 questions (knowledge) and 32 statements (attitudes), the Likert scale.Results. Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient (α>0.70). Assessment of validity: indirect estimation of theoretical validity by identifying an internal correlation on the scale. Assessment of differences between the students: Kruskal-Wallis test, α=0.05, 11 knowledge-related questions - the easiness: 0.52, the mean differentiating power of 0.21. Cronbach’s alpha: 0.671. The subscale 1 comprising 26 statements underwent a factor analysis with two variables. The structure of subscale 2 (6 items) is uniform. The comparative analysis of students does not show differences by their majors (Kruskal-Wallis test).Conclusion.Assessment of reliability and validity of the questionnaire has demonstrated that it is a proper tool to evaluate attitudes towards extending professional powers of NM.Assessment of the questionnaire has confirmed that there is a need to modify the knowledge-related questions.The study should be continued among a greater number of NM that would be more diverse.

scholarly journals Psychometric Assessment of the PPDG: Utilizing Cronbach's Alpha as a Means of Reliability

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa R Marr-Lyon ◽  
Gireesh V Gupchup ◽  
Joe R Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Original Research ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Mean Centering ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Since the development of the 10 item Purdue Pharmacist Directive Guidance (PPDG) Scale several studies of the psychometric properties of the PPDG have been conducted. Although Cronbach's alpha was calculated as a means of internal consistency reliability, a demonstration of the mean centering of the individual items from the instrument were not explored. Objectives: This study focused on investigating the mean stabilization of items within the PPDG as they pertain to Cronbach's reliability coefficient calculation. Methods: Using item analysis procedures in SPSS, the mean stability of items within the general factor of directive guidance and subscales of instruction and feedback and goal setting were examined for the PPDG. Results: Mean stability scores for entire PPDG scale and the subscales of instruction and feedback and goal setting were strong. Also, corrected item-total correlations and Cronbach's alphas following item deletion were good for the overall PPDG scale and the subscales. Conclusions: The results provide evidence to enhance understanding of the psychometric stability of the PPDG scale and its subscales.   Type: Original Research

scholarly journals Development and Validation of an Eating and Food Literacy Behaviors Questionnaire with Young Adult University Students (FS16-05-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwadernica Rhea ◽  
Georgianna Tuuri ◽  
Melissa Cater
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
University Students ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Food Literacy ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a survey instrument capable of measuring eating and food literacy behaviors in young adult university students. Methods This study had a cross-sectional design and used an online survey for data collection. Participants included a convenience sample of free-living young adult university students aged 18 to 30 years attending a large public university in the southeastern United States. Descriptive information including age, gender, and race/ethnicity was collected. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha coefficients, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to develop and validate the instrument. Results Data from 257 students were analyzed in the EFA. Most of the respondents were white (65.8%) and female (65.6%). The mean age of respondents was 20.0 ± 3.4 years. The EFA returned five factors that explained 57.4% of the total variance suggesting acceptable internal structure. Cronbach's alpha values were: 0.89 = health and nutrition, 0.72 = taste, 0.77 = food preparation, 0.64 = planning and decision making, and 0.63 = convenience. Data from 923 students were used in the CFA. Most of the respondents were white (76.4%) and female (50.3%). The mean age of respondents was 20.6 ± 1.8 years. A CFA confirmed that the 5-factor model was an appropriate fit for the data (Chi-squared = 588.05 (142), RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.97, SRMR = 0.05). Conclusions These results suggest that the proposed questionnaire is capable of measuring young adult university students’ eating and food literacy behaviors as they relate to health/nutrition, taste, food preparation, planning and decision making, and convenience. Funding Sources This project was funded in part by Hatch Project #LAB94331.

scholarly journals Using the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Carlos Zubaran ◽  
Katia Foresti ◽  
Karina Nunes Persch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Portuguese Version ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Brazilian Culture ◽  
First Time ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Introduction: Brazil has received influxes of people, mainly from Africa, Europe and Japan, forming one of the most heterogeneous populations in the world. Some groups, particularly in Southern Brazil, have retained their original cultural traditions, whilst acquiring elements of the typical local Brazilian cultural identity. This is the first study designed to formally evaluate biculturality in Brazil. Objective: To psychometrically assess and validate the Portuguese version of the Bicultural Scale (BS) in Brazil. Methods: The BS was adapted and translated to Portuguese and tested for the first time in Brazil in a sample of descendants (n = 160) from four immigrant groups and respective locations in Southern Brazil. A series of psychometric tests were conducted in order to examine the validity of the Portuguese version of the BS. Analyses of variance across scores for all subgroups were also conducted. Results: Factor analysis revealed two main factors contributing to most of the variance in scores. The 10 items measuring affiliation with minority cultural characteristics and the typical Brazilian culture yielded Cronbach's alpha coefficients of 0.69 and 0.78 respectively, whereas the overall Cronbach's alpha for all 20 items of the BS was 0.67. There was a significant correlation between items related to the typical Brazilian culture and the generation since immigration of research participants (r = 0.23, p = 0.004). The mean time taken to complete the questionnaire was 7.4 minutes. Conclusion: The results indicate that the Portuguese version of the BS is a valid, reliable and easy-to-use instrument to assess biculturality experienced by descendants of immigrants in southern Brazil.

scholarly journals Reliability and Validity of Disability Literacy Scale for Medical School Students

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Aydoğan ◽  
E Atay ◽  
S Metintaş ◽  
Z Demirtaş ◽  
E E Öcal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medical School Students

Abstract Background Disability literacy is the ability to perceive definition of disabled person, their characteristics, difficulties in daily life and solution suggestions, their rights and false thoughts and orientations about them. The aim of the study was to develop the Disability Literacy Scale (DLS) to determine the disability literacy of medical school students with a high probability of encountering disabled people. Methods This study was conducted in 1110 medical school students in 2018-2019 academic year. By using literature 97 questions were collected. DLS was created with 22 questions by taking expert opinions. Correct answer was scored as 1, while wrong or ’do not know’ answer as 0. In order to evaluate the reliability of the scale, item total score correlation and internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) analyzes and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used for construct validity. Results Of the 51.1% students were female and their age ranged from 17-40, the mean was 21.1±2.2. After the scale development study, the scale consisted of 14 items and 3 sub-dimensions. Scale items explain 43.21% of total variance and factor loadings ranged from 0.37-0.80. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.61, 0.64, 0.51 for communication, health problems and social life sub-dimensions, and 0.68 for the whole scale. The fit of scale and the fit index were found to be acceptable after confirmatory factor analysis. In the last form of the scale, the score that can be taken from scale range 0-14. It was accepted that by increasing of the score, disability literacy level was increased. The mean score of students was 9.79±2.57 and the median was 10.0. The scores obtained from DLS were found to be lower in the first 3 grades (p &lt; 0.001), low level mother and father education (p &lt; 0.001/p=0.012) and who have not yet taken lesson about disability (p = 0.021). Conclusions DLS is a valid-reliable tool for assessing disability literacy levels of medical school students. Key messages It is essential to place disability related lessons from the earliest grades of medical school curriculum. In the literature, DLS seems the first scale about disability literacy and needs to be tested in large communities.

On Using and Interpreting the Max R Statistic: A Cautionary Note

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-154
Author(s):  
David L. Streiner
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Cautionary Note ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Psychological Scales

Max r, which is the maximum of all possible split-half reliabilities, has recently been used to reanalyze the psychometric properties of various psychological scales. It is recommended that these revised estimates be interpreted cautiously for two reasons, (1) scale homogeneity is not always the best indicator of reliability and (2) the coefficients cannot be interpreted as equivalent to published reliabilities, which are often based on estimates of the mean split-half reliabilities (e.g., Cronbach's alpha or Kuder-Richardson 20).

scholarly journals Reliability and validity of ecological literacy scale for primary school students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E E Öcal ◽  
M F Önsüz
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Energy Transport ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Ecological Literacy ◽  
Primary School Students ◽  
Cronbach’S Alpha ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cronbach's Alpha ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Ecological literacy aims to build up a framework of view that identifies the association with nature and enhances the improvement of new areas to produce sustainable lifestyles. Today, this concept has become one of the important requirements for a sustainable community. The aim of the study was to develop the Ecological Literacy Scale (ELS) to determine the ecological literacy of primary school students. Methods This methodological study carried out in 233 primary school 4th grade students in an eco-school in the 2019-2020 academic year. By using literature 91 questions was collected including water, energy, transport and air, biodiversity, purchasing and waste topics which were main issues of ecological footprint. After taking expert opinions, a scale that consists of 32 questions and scored as I agree:3, undecided:2, I disagree:1 and was created named ELS. In order to evaluate the reliability of the scale, item total score correlation and internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) analyzes and exploratory factor analysis was used for construct validity. Results Of the 52.8% students were male and their age ranges from 8-11, the mean was 9.5±0.6. After the scale development study, the scale consisted of 19 items and unidimension. Scale items explain 27.37% of total variance and factor loadings ranged from 0.42-0.64. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.846 for the scale. In the last form of the scale, the score that can be taken from scale range 19-57. It was accepted that by increasing of the score, ecological literacy level was increased. The mean score of the students was 51.73 ± 5.39 and the median was 53.0. Conclusions Ecological literacy could be considered as high level for primary school students in eco-school. ELS was found to be a valid-reliable tool for assesing ecological literacy in primary school students. Key messages Ecological literacy is an issue that students should be informed from the primary school period. In the literature, ELS seems the first scale about ecological literacy for primary school students and needs to be tested in large groups of students.

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