Male Reproductive System: Prostate Gland, Seminal Vesicles, and Scrotum

2014 ◽  
pp. 391-442
Author(s):  
Li-Jen Wang
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Reproductive System

scholarly journals The Concept of Male Reproductive Anatomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo ◽  
Nwangwa Eze Kingsley ◽  
Rotu Arientare Rume ◽  
Emojevwe Victor
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Male Gametes ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
Reproductive Anatomy

The human reproductive system is made up of the primary and secondary organs, which helps to enhances reproduction. The male reproductive system is designed to produce male gametes and convey them to the female reproductive tract through the use of supportive fluids and testosterone synthesis. The paired testis (site of testosterone and sperm generation), scrotum (compartment for testis localisation), epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, ejaculatory duct, urethra, and penis are the parts of the male reproductive system. The auxiliary organs aid in the maturation and transportation of sperm. Semen is made up of sperm and the secretions of the seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands (the ejaculate). Ejaculate is delivered to the female reproduc¬tive tract by the penis and urethra. The anatomy, embryology and functions of the male reproductive system are discussed in this chapter.

scholarly journals RotundRacGAP Functions with Ras during Spermatogenesis and Retinal Differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster

2001 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6280-6291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyne Bergeret ◽  
Isabelle Pignot-Paintrand ◽  
Annabel Guichard ◽  
Karine Raymond ◽  
Marie-Odile Fauvarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Genetic Interactions ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Null Mutation ◽  
Ras Pathway ◽  
Retinal Differentiation

ABSTRACT Our analysis of rotund (rn) null mutations in Drosophila melanogaster revealed that deletion of the rn locus affects both spermatid and retinal differentiation. In the male reproductive system, the absence of RnRacGAP induced small testes, empty seminal vesicles, short testicular cysts, reduced amounts of interspermatid membrane, the absence of individualization complexes, and incomplete mitochondrial condensation. Flagellar growth continued within the short rn null cysts to produce large bulbous terminations of intertwined mature flagella. Organization of the retina was also severely perturbed as evidenced by grossly misshapen ommatidia containing reduced numbers of photoreceptor and pigment cells. These morphological phenotypes were rescued by genomic rnRacGAPtransgenes, demonstrating that RnRacGAP function is critical to spermatid and retinal differentiation. The testicular phenotypes were suppressed by heterozygous hypomorphic mutations in theDras1 and drk genes, indicating cross talk between RacGAP-regulated signaling and that of the Ras pathway. The observed genetic interactions are consistent with a model in which Rac signaling is activated by Ras and negatively regulated by RnRacGAP during spermatid differentiation. RnRacGAP and Ras cross talk also operated during retinal differentiation; however, while the heterozygous hypomorphicdrk mutation continued to act as a suppressor of the rn null mutation, the heterozygous hypomorphic Dras1 mutation induced novel retinal phenotypes.

Presence of α-glucosidases in the male reproductive system of the rat and hormonal influences

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 764-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Grandmont ◽  
Pierre Chapdelaine ◽  
Roland R. Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The use of a synthetic substrate (p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside) to measure α-glucosidase activity has allowed us to demonstrate the presence of acid and neutral α-glucosidases in the reproductive organs of the male rat. Both enzymes increased in the epididymis, particularly in the caput segment, along with initiation of spermatogenesis at puberty; it then started decreasing after 12 weeks of life. Similar variations were not recorded in testis, prostate, and seminal vesicles. Castration led to a significant decrease of acid and neutral α-glucosidases in all accessory reproductive organs, but administration of testosterone proprionate (50 μg/day for 10 days) restored the enzyme activity to its original level. When estradiol-17β (5 mg) was administered simultaneously with testosterone (500 μg), the antagonistic effect of estradiol on testosterone was particularly evident on the levels of neutral α-glucosidases which reached the castration range, while the acid α-glucosidase remained unchanged in epididymis, prostate, and seminal vesicles. These results show that both acid and neutral α-glucosidases may be influenced by gonadal hormones in the male rat.

Adaptations of the short-beaked echidna Tachyglossus aculateus for sperm production, particularly in an arid environment.

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Jones ◽  
D Djakiew ◽  
JL Dacheux
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Sperm Production ◽  
Testicular Sperm ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Number Of Males

A re-examination is made of the old interpretation that the male reproductive system of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculateus), and monotremes in general, is ?primitive?. There is an emerging concept of the significance of the male reproductive system in relation to the role of males in conception. Even though some aspects of the male reproductive system of T. aculateus may be considered primitive and impose limitations on their life style, they nevertheless display significant specializations present in the male tract of other mammals: an epididymis with the unique initial segment and a role in post-testicular sperm maturation and storage, and homologues of the prostate gland and penis. The absence of a descended testis and scrotum has not restricted the survival of T. aculateus in virtually all habitats in Australia. However, it may restrict their capacity to breed throughout the year. It is suggested that T. aculateus is also specialised for sperm competition. An estimate of the rate of spermatogenesis indicates that it is comparable with other mammals. Consequently, the size of their testes and number of extragonadal sperm compared with other mammals are indicative that they are involved in sperm competition. The cooperation involved in the formation of sperm bundles is also indicative of sperm competition. Further, the formation of ?echidna trains?, in which a number of males will follow in line behind an oestrous female indicates that there is competition between males to mate with a female.

scholarly journals A Glycoproteinaceous Secretion in the Seminal Vesicles of the Termite Coptotermes gestroi (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Lara T. Laranjo ◽  
Ives Haifig ◽  
Ana Maria Costa-Leonardo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
First Record ◽  
Distal Portion ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Primary Reproductives ◽  
Coptotermes Gestroi

Coptotermes gestroi is a subterranean termite with colonies generally headed by a pair of primary reproductives, although neotenics may occur. In this study, the male reproductive system was compared during different life stages of nymphs, alates, neotenic reproductives, and kings of C. gestroi, focusing on the modifications of this system along the maturation of these individuals. The structure of the male reproductive system follows the pattern described for insects, although C. gestroi males do not exhibit conspicuous penises and differentiated accessory glands. In kings, each testis consisted of about seven lobes, significantly increased in size as compared to younger males. The spermatogenesis begins in third-instar nymphs, which already presented spermatozoa in the testes. The seminal vesicles are individualized in C. gestroi and have a secretory distal portion and a proximal portion with a role in spermatozoa storage. The secretion of the seminal vesicles is strongly periodic acid Schiff (PAS)-positive, whereas the xylidine Ponceau test revealed proteins that increase in quantity while the males become older. This is the first record of glycoproteins in the lumen of seminal vesicles in termites. Further studies will clarify how they are produced and interact in the physiology and nutrition of the non-flagellate spermatozoa of C. gestroi.

scholarly journals Histology and Histometric Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System of Bat (Eidolon helvum)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Danmaigoro ◽  
J. E. Onu ◽  
M. L. Sonfada ◽  
M. A. Umaru ◽  
F. O. Oyelowo
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
Fruit Bat ◽  
Mucosal Lining ◽  
Eidolon Helvum ◽  
Insight Into

The male reproductive system of fruit bat (Eidolon helvum) was studied histologically using light microscope. Thirty males (17 adults and 13 juveniles) were captured using net, weighed, aged using relative ossification of the wing bone, and dissected and reproductive tissue was processed for histomorphometry. On the basis of histological sections, the structures of a pair of testis containing the seminiferous tubules of adults were compacted in organization with spermatogenic cells. The epididymis has a thinner muscular region than the vas deferens with longitudinal folds on the mucosal lining. Two portions were observed in the prostate gland, while seminal vesicle has numerous trabeculae and bulbourethral gland was observed to have multiacini. There was increase in thickness of muscular region, epithelial height, and luminal diameter of epididymis and vas deferens between adults and juveniles. This work has documented the histology of the male reproductive system in bats, and ultrastructure and histochemistry are recommended for further insight into the reproductive biology.

scholarly journals Morphology and histology of the male reproductive system of Collaria oleosa (Distant, 1883) (Heteroptera: Miridae)

Bionatura ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1122-1125
Author(s):  
Mayra Vélez ◽  
Glenda Dias ◽  
Irina Morales ◽  
Raul N. C. Guedes ◽  
José Lino-Neto
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive System ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
General Morphology ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
New Information ◽  
Ejaculatory Bulb

Collaria oleosa (Distant, 1883) is a phytophagous bug often observed causing injuries in wheat, barley, and oat crops, besides grass pastures. The male reproductive system of C. oleosa has been studied anatomically and histologically. It consists of a pair of testes, each one with two follicles, one pair of seminal vesicles, two pairs of external accessory glands, and an ejaculatory bulb. The testicular follicles exhibit cysts with spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids, and spermatozoa bundles. The testes are connected to the seminal vesicles by the vas deferens. The seminal vesicles are connected to the ejaculatory bulb and are bound by the accessory glands. In mirids belonging to the Stenodemini tribe, the general morphology of the male reproductive system is similar. However, two follicles per testis may be characteristic of the genus Collaria. The anatomy and histology of the male reproductive system in C. oleosa provides new information and also contributes to the understanding of the systematics of Stenodemini as well as the Miridae family in general.

scholarly journals The Sperm Structure and Spermatogenesis of Trypophloeus klimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Jing Gao ◽  
Guanqun Gao ◽  
Jiaxing Wang ◽  
Hui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Golgi Apparatus ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Ejaculatory Duct ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Reproductive System ◽  
Nuclear Chromatin ◽  
Accessory Glands ◽  
Close Phylogenetic Relationship

The male reproductive system, sperm structure, and spermatogenesis of Trypophloeusklimeschi (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which is one of the most destructive pests of Populus alba var. pyramidalis (Bunge), were investigated using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The male reproductive system of T.klimeschi is composed of testes, seminal vesicles, tubular accessory glands, multilobulated accessory glands, vasa deferentia, and a common ejaculatory duct. In spermatogenesis, two phenomena are apparent: The nuclear chromatin condenses into two different patterns, and an oval preacrosomal vesicle is present at the flank of the Golgi apparatus. The sperm are short, measuring 76.7 ± 1.8 μm in length, and are 508.1 ± 12.9 nm in width. The sperm are composed of a three-layer acrosomal complex, a cylindrical nucleus, two mitochondrial derivatives, a 9 + 9 + 2 axoneme, and two accessory bodies with a large “puff”-like expansion. Mature sperm are individually stored in seminal vesicles. During spermiogenesis, the similarities in the nuclear chromatin condensation characteristics of Curculioninae and Scolytinae are indicative of their close phylogenetic relationship. It appears that the preacrosomal vesicle being flanked by the Golgi apparatus is a characteristic of spermatogenesis in Curculionidae.

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