How to Make Non-Natural Products Appear More Natural? Changes in Process Work Better Than Changes in Content

2015 ◽  
pp. 630-640
Author(s):  
Pierrick Gomez
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Process Work ◽  
Better Than

scholarly journals Chloropinane and Chloromenthene as Novel Solvents for Solubilisation of Natural Substances

Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1205 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. M1205
Author(s):  
Mohamed Touaibia ◽  
Anne-Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier ◽  
Farid Chemat
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Rosmarinic Acid ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Β Carotene ◽  
Better Than

Chloropinane and chloromenthene, synthesized from pinene and limonene, respectively, were compared with their non-halogenated analogs and n-hexane for their ability to solubilize natural products of interest such as β-carotenoids, vanillin, and rosmarinic acid. Chloropinane was six times more efficient than hexane for β-carotene solubilization. Chloromenthene was 15 times better than hexane. Vanillin was 20 times more soluble in chloropinane than in hexane. Chloropinane and chloromenthene were 3.5 and 2 times more efficient than hexane for rosmarinic acid solubilization. Obtained from pinene and limonene, two very abundant natural products, and even from their waste byproducts, chloropinane and chloromenthene can be an alternative to solvents from non-renewable resources.

Behavioral Inhibition of the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) When Exposed to Commercial Equine Fly Repellents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth V Tuorinsky ◽  
Erika T Machtinger
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Behavioral Inhibition ◽  
Control Method ◽  
House Fly ◽  
Synthetic Pyrethroids ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
House Flies ◽  
Fly Control ◽  
Horse Owners ◽  
Better Than

Abstract House flies can have negative consequences on the welfare of horses and other equids. Fly repellents in the form of on-animal sprays, wipes, or spot-ons are the most commonly used fly control method for horses. Many products are available, but repellent efficacy and duration of effectiveness may influence repellent choice by horse owners. A better understanding of the efficacy of common fly repellent products will help guide repellent selection to reduce fly pressure on horses. To evaluate commercially available repellents, house fly behavioral inhibition after application of three products marketed as natural (Ecovet, Equiderma, and Outsmart) and four with synthetic pyrethroids as active ingredients (Bronco, Endure, UltraShield, and Optiforce) was compared at 100, 50, and 25% concentration and at 15, 30, 60, 240, 1,440, and 2,880 min. Time and product were significant at all tested concentrations. The natural products performed as well as or better than the synthetic products at all dilutions and times. Ecovet in particular retained over 75% inhibition of flies for >1 d at the 100 and 50% concentrations. Differences were seen among products with pyrethroids, suggesting that formulation differences significantly affect efficacy. Cost and application suggestions are discussed, and these results will aid horse owners in selecting fly repellents to meet their individual needs.

scholarly journals Research on Crystal Structure and Fungicidal Activity of the Amide Derivatives Based on the Natural Products Sinapic Acid and Mycophenolic Acid

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhanfang Chen ◽  
Hongbin Fang ◽  
Xuewen Hua ◽  
Wenrui Liu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Mycophenolic Acid ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Sinapic Acid ◽  
Amide Derivatives ◽  
Target Molecules ◽  
Better Than

Structural optimization based on natural products is an important and effective way to discover new green pesticides. Here, two series of amide derivatives based on sinapic acid and mycophenolic acid were designed in combination with the fungicidal natural product piperlongumine and synthesized by preparing the carboxylic acid into acyl chloride and then reacting with the corresponding aromatic amines, respectively. The resulting structures were successively characterized by 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, and HRMS. The crystal structures of molecules I-4 and II-5 were analyzed for structure validation. The in vitro inhibitory activity indicated that most of the target products exhibited fungicidal activity equivalent to or even better than fluopyram against Physalospora piricola. The in vivo fungicidal activity demonstrated that the compounds I-5 and II-4 displayed almost the same preventative activity as carbendazim and fluopyram at 200 μg mL−1. The TEM observation revealed that the fungicidal activity of the target molecules against Physalospora piricola may be due to the influence on the mitochondria in the cell structure. These results will provide valuable theoretical guidance for developing the new green fungicides.

Enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive heterocycles

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gyan Chandra Pariyar ◽  
Pranab Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Valuable Source ◽  
Bioactive Heterocycles ◽  
Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Enzymes are proteins that functions as biological catalyst. It is now a known fact that enzyme can catalyze many synthetic operations better than the conventional reagents. Not only in the synthesis of natural products, they can also be applied for construction of varieties of unnatural compounds. In this chapter, Pariyar and Ghosh have discussed in brief synthesis of various biologically active heterocyclic compounds using different enzymes as catalysts. Among various enzymes, laccases, trypsin, α-amylase and Bakers’ yeast are few that are easily available and have been extensively explored for various synthetic strategies. This chapter will definitely serve as valuable source of information to the readers in the field of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

scholarly journals Influence of full value of diets on digestibility of nutrients by dogs

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
D. V. Plotnikov ◽  
V. Sitnikov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Service Dogs ◽  
Control Substance ◽  
Extractive Substances ◽  
Dry Food ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Dry Substance ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. The article presents the results of the physiological experience conducted on the campus for the maintenance of service dogs of the Department of Cynologists of the Perm Institute of FPS of Russia in 2015. The aim of the study is to identify feed from the proposed ready-made dry food Stout and Pedigree, to replace the prepared feed from natural products, most satisfying the needs of service dogs while saving money for the organization Feeding. The objectives of the study are to study the variability of nutrients by dogs of ready-made dry food “Stout”, “Pedigree” against the background of prepared food from natural products; to establish the impact of the studied feed on the live mass of animals; calculate the cost of daily rations. For what of the three groups of scientific and economic experience was selected by 3 males, by the method of pairs of analogues, to participate in the balance experience. High digestibility of nutrients prepared by dogs of the control group has been established. Dogs of the first experimental group, who received Stout's feed, absorbed a dry substance worse than the control substance by 0.23 %, but better than the II experienced at the stern “Pedigree” by 3.92 % (P < 001). The organic invariability rate in the first experimental group was 3.56 % higher than the II experimental group. Invariability ratios: raw protein in the first experimental group was 3.64 % higher than the II of the experimental group, fat by 5.70% (P < 0.001), raw fiber by 5.29 % (P < 001), and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.85% (P < 0.01). Taking into account the weighting of animals it is established that the dogs of the control group on the prepared feed, received a positive dynamics in the live mass. In animals, on the dry stern “Stout”, the indicators of live mass were stable. In dogs, on the stern “Pedigree” there was a decrease in live mass. Stout dry feed is recommended for replacement prepared in summer, and in winter – with an increase in daily norm by 10 %. Dogs of the first experimental group, who received “Stout’s” feed, absorbed a dry substance worse than the control substance by 0.23 %, but better than the II experienced at the stern “Pedigree” by 3.92 % (P < 001). The organic invariability rate in the first experimental group was 3.56 % higher than the II experimental group. Invariability ratios: raw protein in the first experimental group was 3.64 % higher than the II of the experimental group, fat by 5.70 % (P < 0.001), raw fiber by 5.29 % (P < 0.01), and nitrogen-free extractive substances by 2.85 % (P < 0.01). Taking into account the weighting of animals it is established that the dogs of the control group on the prepared feed, received a positive dynamics in the live mass. In animals, on the dry stern “Stout”, the indicators of live mass were stable. In dogs, on the stern “Pedigree” there was a decrease in live mass. “Stout” dry feed is recommended for replacement prepared in summer, and in winter – with an increase in daily norm by 10 %.

Time and Latitude in South Africa

1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Astronomical Observations ◽  
Royal Observatory ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Astronomical Determination ◽  
Limited Accuracy ◽  
Better Than

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.

Localization of immunolabels by electron microscopy and image averaging

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 282-283
Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Attachment Site ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Image Averaging ◽  
Top View ◽  
Better Than

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.

Closing the GAP—A 5Å Scanning Microscope

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 6-7
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Normal Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Closing The Gap ◽  
Thermal Sources ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Transmission Microscope

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.

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