How Do Southern European Cities Foster Innovation? Lessons from the Experience of the Smart City Approaches of Barcelona and Milan

2015 ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mila Gascó ◽  
Benedetta Trivellato ◽  
Dario Cavenago
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
European Cities

Smartness, City Efficiency, and Entrepreneurship Milieu

2017 ◽  
pp. 173-198
Author(s):  
Luigi Mundula ◽  
Sabrina Auci
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Adjustment Mechanism ◽  
Optimal Value ◽  
Virtuous Cycle ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Characteristics

The definition of smart city and its measurement are not shared. Different characteristics define a city as smart, which is strictly linked to urban efficiency and to entrepreneurship spirit in a multifaceted way as well as to citizens' well-being. On the basis of the comparison between city and entrepreneur behaviour and on the definition of Giffinger et al. (2007) of smart city, this chapter verifies the efficiency of a sample of European cities using a stochastic frontier approach. Departing from this analysis, the chapter develops the relative smartness definition based on the efficient use of its own resources and related to the different context. Moreover, as a city becomes close to the optimal value, the frontier will shift upward because of the more attractiveness and a new adjustment mechanism should be followed to become efficient again (virtuous cycle). Then, the concept of smartness becomes dynamic. This definition, taking into account city's performance, is able to sustain the entrepreneurship milieu of a city.

scholarly journals HUMAN CAPITAL OF UKRAINE IN GLOBAL RANKINGS

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Mariia Agafonova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
Human Capital Development ◽  
Global Ranking ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
The World ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The City

This paper presents the research on human capital in the global ranking studies and determining the place of Ukraine and the city of Kyiv in them in terms of human capital indicators, in order to increase the efficiency of using human capital and achieve competitiveness in this field. International rankings are an important tool for positioning countries and cities in the international arena and allow an objective assessment of the level of compe­titiveness of Ukraine and, in particular, the city of Kyiv in comparison with other countries and cities of the world. The author analyzes human capital development using global ranking studies such as the Institute for Management Development (IMD) Smart City Index, IMD World Digital Competitiveness Ranking, and IMD World Talent Ranking. With the help of these studies, the author examines: the ranking position of Kyiv among other cities in the world by the Smart city index; the scores of Kyiv among European cities on the level of IT skills at schools; the accessibility level to go to schools providing high quality education of the vast majority of Kyiv pupils among other European cities; Ukraine's place in the world on the sub-factor "teaching and education" during 2015-2019; Ukraine's place in the world on the criteria of "graduates in the field of ICT, mechanical engineering, mathematics and natural sciences" during 2018-2019; as well as Ukraine's place in the world on the sub-factor "concentration of science" during 2015-2019. To assess the development, involvement, and retention of highly qualified specialists in Ukraine, Ukraine's ratings were monitored for the following factors: investment and development (the amount of allocated resources for the cultivation of its own human capital), attractiveness (the degree of involvement of local and foreign talents) and readiness (the quality of skills and competencies available to the country) during 2011-2019. The research makes leads to the following conclusions: the competitive advantages of human capital development in Ukraine include the amount of resources allocated for the cultivation of its own human capital; the level of education and training in Ukraine in general and the city of Kyiv in particular, as well as the productivity of R&D in publications; the competitive weaknesses include the lack of a motivational component, as well as the recruitment and retention of highly qualified personnel, and, as a result, a significant level of "brain drain" abroad. In order to use human capital effectively, Ukraine should attract highly qualified workers to the R&D field as soon as possible. It is extremely important and, unfortunately, almost underdeveloped in Ukraine to motivate their activities, borrowing the experience of developed countries. In this case, the country will get rid of such a significant level of outflow of qualified personnel abroad, will concentrate more quickly on the production of science-intensive high-tech products, and will become competitive in the field of human capital and high technologies.

scholarly journals Europejskie miasta od nowa

Politeja ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5(74)) ◽  
pp. 205-223
Author(s):  
Maria Katarzyna Grzegorzewska ◽  
Piotr Karocki
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Smart City ◽  
The European Union ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
The World ◽  
European Union Legislation

European Cities Reloaded. Stress or Relaxation? This article justifies the thesis that the full implementation of the Smart City concept (re-development of cities around the world) will significantly reduce the stress in which their inhabitants live. The article starts with introducing the very concept of Smart City: why there is a need to rebuild cities and what it is all about. Then, it lists the basic stressors related to living in a city, and finally indicates which Smart City activities (standardized by ISO and implemented by the European Union legislation) counteract the aforementioned stressors.

Smart Cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-88
Author(s):  
Ralf-Martin Soe
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
New Model ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Digital Services ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Mutual Agreement

This paper introduces a new dimension to conceptualising smart cities – a cross-border approach for heterogeneous cities. There is a mutual agreement between smart city scholars that cities are smart when they reduce silos and enable better flow of data between city functions and services. This paper focuses on the cross-border aspect of smart cities and claims that ICT in cities do not automatically lead to ubiquitous services across the cities. This can even lead to more fragmentation compared to pre-ICT area. A new model for joint digital services in the cross-border cities – the Urban Operating System – is proposed and will be evaluated in context of two Northern European cities with high commuting frequency: Helsinki and Tallinn.

scholarly journals Smart City Applications in Historical Environment: Comparison of Istanbul and European Cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeynep Sena AKDEMİR ◽  
◽  
Merve KARABEYESER ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
European Cities ◽  
The City

Historical cities have difficulties in integrating to infrastructure problems, rapid population growth and smart technological solutions. Smart cities are suggested as solutions for these cities to be liveable and sustainable. The solutions offered to these problems in today's technology yield better results than expected. Smart solutions in the historical environment make great contributions to the cultural and historical sustainability of the city. Studies have been carried out in this context in Istanbul since 1995 and many European countries form strategies within the framework of similar historical circles. Like these cities, İstanbul has actualized similar problems with technological solutions within the scope of "Smart City". In order to provide a holistic view for smart cities in the historical environment, it is aimed to make an assessment of smart city solution in Istanbul.

scholarly journals Intelligent transport as a key component of implementation the sustainable development concept in smart cities

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pawłowska
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Intelligent Transport ◽  
European Cities ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Sustainability Challenges

European societies today face many sustainability challenges including but not limited to youth unemployment, aging populations, climate change, pollution, sustainable energy and migration. These problems are especially evident in cities. The objectives of smart development and integrated planning in European cities have been presented in the Europe 2020 strategy. It assumes restoration of European cities through stimulating innovation. In the socio-economic dimension, this means supporting the development of intelligent cities, often referred to as Smart Cities. According to the Smart City definition it is a city with the ability to adapt to the changing socio-economic conditions. This feature is extremely important in times of constant change. Progressing urbanization, globalization, technology transfer to everyday life and dwindling natural capital are the reasons why urban development is increasingly dependent on such factors as advanced technologies or territorial capital, understood as the available material and immaterial resources that determine the functioning of a given area. One of the Smart City components is intelligent transport. Improving mobility, ensuring accessibility and decreasing traffic congestion are some of the greatest challenges facing smart cities today. To respond to these challenges many city planners are glancing at smart transport solutions to reduce congestion as well as to optimize the use of city public transport. The aim of this article is to identify the challenges faced by European cities nowadays, present transport as a component of the Smart City and show its role in implementing the Smart City concept. The author presents European actions in terms of city mobility and recognizes their role in attaining the 11th SDG. Particular attention is paid to cities of the new Member States. Some examples of activities undertaken and tools used by authorities of European cities will be cited as examples of good practices. An analysis of the conditions for the transferability of such a solution will be included in the article.

scholarly journals Energy Planning and Energy Efficiency in Smart City Areas

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 01017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury R. Nurulin ◽  
Inga V. Skvortsova ◽  
Olga A. Kalchenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Joint Development ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Innovative Concept

The main value added of the approach, which is considered in this paper, is the joint development of an innovative concept for energy improvement city's areas, as well as methods and tools for its implementation. A new coordinated approach to energy planning and implementation at the district level within the framework of the concept of smart cities contributes to the efforts of consumers to improve energy efficiency. The research focuses on energy efficiency for existing built-up urban structures. They represent a large part of the built environment of European cities and face significant, often urgent energy challenges.

scholarly journals Using multivariate statistical methods to assess the urban smartness on the example of selected European cities

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0240260
Author(s):  
Sławomira Hajduk
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Technology Infrastructure ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Communication And Technology

The growing importance of maturity smart cities is currently observed worldwide. The vast majority of smart city models focus on hard domains such as communication and technology infrastructure. Scientists emphasize the need to take into account social capital and the knowledge of residents. The smart cities invest in enhanced openness and transparency data. Mature smart cities use real-time evidences and information to citizens, businesses and visitors. The smart cities are characterized by bottom-down management and civil government. The paper aims to assess the urban smartness of selected European cities based on the ISO 37120 standard. Several research methods including the Multidimensional Statistical Analysis (MSA) were applied. Using the statistical analysis of European smart cities with the implemented ISO 37120 standard, the author tried to fill gaps in the knowledge and to evaluate maturity smart cities. The results of the research have shown that the smart city concept is a viable strategy which contributes to the urban sustainability. The author also found out that urban sustainability frameworks contain a large number of indicators measuring environmental sustainability, the smart city frameworks lack environmental indicators while highlighting social and economic aspects.

scholarly journals A Smart Right to the City—Grounding Corporate Storytelling and Questioning Smart Urbanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 9590
Author(s):  
Anke Strüver ◽  
Rivka Saltiel ◽  
Nicolas Schlitz ◽  
Bernhard Hohmann ◽  
Thomas Höflehner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
European Cities ◽  
Entrepreneurial City ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
The City ◽  
Rights To The City ◽  
Smart Urbanism

Against the backdrop of multiple ongoing crises in European cities related to socio-spatial injustice, inequality and exclusion, we argue for a smart right to the city. There is an urgent need for a thorough account of the entrepreneurial mode of technocapitalist smart urbanism. While much of both affirmative and critical research on Smart City developments equate or even reduce smartness to digital infrastructures, we put actual smartness—in the sense of social justice and sustainability—at centre stage. This paper builds on a fundamental structural critique of (1) the entrepreneurial city (Harvey) and (2) the capitalist city (Lefebvre). Drawing upon Lefebvre’s right to the city as a normative framework, we use Smart City developments in the city of Graz as an illustration of our argument. Considering strategies of waste and mobility management, we reflect on how they operate as spatial and technical fixes—fixing the limits of capitalism’s growth. By serving specific corporate interests, these technocapitalist strategies yet fail to address the underlying structural causes of pressing urban problems and increasing inequalities. With Lefebvre’s ongoing relevant argument for the importance of use value of urban infrastructures as well as his claim that appropriation and participation are essential, we discuss common rights to the city: His framework allows us to envision sustainable and just—actually smart—alternatives: alternatives to technocapitalist entrepreneurial urbanisation. In this respect, a smart right to the city is oriented towards the everyday needs of all inhabitants.

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