Life Beyond Death: The Formation of Xylem Sap Conduits

2015 ◽  
pp. 55-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delphine Ménard ◽  
Sacha Escamez ◽  
Hannele Tuominen ◽  
Edouard Pesquet
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap

scholarly journals Publisher Correction: Origin and hydrodynamics of xylem sap in tree stems, and relationship to root uptake of soil water

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasunori Mahara ◽  
Tomoko Ohta ◽  
Jyunichi Ohshima ◽  
Kazuya Iizuka
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Root Uptake

scholarly journals Salicylic acid and salicylic acid glucoside in xylem sap of Brassica napus infected with Verticillium longisporum

2009 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Ratzinger ◽  
Nadine Riediger ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann ◽  
Petr Karlovsky
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Verticillium Longisporum ◽  
Salicylic Acid Glucoside

scholarly journals Abscisic acid-inducible 25 kDa xylem sap protein abundant in winter poplar

Plant Root ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Furukawa ◽  
Yuta Abe ◽  
Hiroaki Mizuno ◽  
Kaoru Matsuki ◽  
Keiko Sagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Xylem Sap

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Nutrients Uptake by Tomato Plants in Different Phenological Stages Using an Electrical Conductivity Technique

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Ilie Bodale ◽  
Gabriela Mihalache ◽  
Vladut Achiţei ◽  
Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban ◽  
Ana Cazacu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bulb Formation ◽  
High Consumption ◽  
Nutrients Uptake ◽  
Nutrient Consumption ◽  
Flow Through

Nutrient consumption by plants depends on the growth stage and environmental conditions. In general, plants take up species of elements at different speeds. We monitored and recorded the electrical charge flow through xylem sap of tomato plants (Brillante F1) using femto/picoammeter equipment (Keysight B2981A). This technique evaluates the nutrient uptake of tomato treated with the most common macronutrients (KNO3; KH2PO4; Ca(NO3)2; KCl) by monitoring the electrical conductivity for 24 h. The electrical conductivity of each treatment correlated with the plant growth and development stages. The results showed that the tomato plants had a high consumption of nutrients in the vegetative stage, while in other stages, they had a specific consumption, like phosphorus for bulb formation, potassium for increasing the number of flowers and water for the ripening of fruits. The quantitative evaluation of the ions absorbed by the plant was based on the magnitude and shape of the electrical conductivity curves. Our technique is an efficient method to determine nutrient consumption and is useful in predicting the deficiency of a certain element in tomato plants.

scholarly journals Towards In Vivo Monitoring of Ions Accumulation in Trees: Response of an in Planta Organic Electrochemical Transistor Based Sensor to Water Flux Density, Light and Vapor Pressure Deficit Variation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4729
Author(s):  
Davide Amato ◽  
Giuseppe Montanaro ◽  
Filippo Vurro ◽  
Nicola Coppedé ◽  
Nunzio Briglia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Flux Density ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Electrochemical Transistor ◽  
Olive Trees

Research on organic electrochemical transistor (OECT) based sensors to monitor in vivo plant traits such as xylem sap concentration is attracting attention for their potential application in precision agriculture. Fabrication and electronic aspects of OECT have been the subject of extensive research while its characterization within the plant water relation context deserves further efforts. This study tested the hypothesis that the response (R) of an OECT (bioristor) implanted in the trunk of olive trees is inversely proportional to the water flux density flowing through the plant (Jw). This study also examined the influence on R of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) as coupled/uncoupled with light. R was hourly recorded in potted olive trees for a 10-day period concomitantly with Jw (weight loss method). A subgroup of trees was bagged in order to reduce VPD and in turn Jw, and other trees were located in a walk-in chamber where VPD and light were independently managed. R was tightly sensitive to diurnal oscillation of Jw and at negligible values of Jw (late afternoon and night) R increased. The bioristor was not sensitive to the VPD per se unless a light source was coupled to trigger Jw. This study preliminarily examined the suitability of bioristor to estimate the mean daily nutrients accumulation rate (Ca, K) in leaves comparing chemical and sensor-based procedures showing a good agreement between them opening new perspective towards the application of OECT sensor in precision agricultural cropping systems.

The Xylem Sap of Maize Roots: Its Collection, Composition and Formation

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Canny ◽  
ME Mccully
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Organic Acid ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Transpiration Stream ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Total Amino Acids

Three methods of sampling xylem sap of maize roots were compared: sap bleeding from the stem cut just above the ground; sap bleeding from the cut tops of roots still undisturbed in the ground; and sap aspirated from excavated roots under reduced pressure. The bleeding saps were often unobtainable. When their composition was measured with time from cutting, the concentrations of the major solutes approximately doubled in 2 h. Aspirated sap was chosen as the most reliable sample of root xylem contents. Solute concentrations of the saps showed great variability between individual roots for all solutes, but on average the concentrations found (in �mol g-1 sap) were: total amino acids, 1.8; nitrate, 1.8; sugars (mainly sucrose), 5.4; total organic acids, 18.3. Individual amino acids also varied greatly between roots. Glutamine, aspartic acid and serine were generally most abundant. The principal organic acid found was malic, approximately 8 �mol g-1. From these analyses the ratios of carbon in the fractions (sugars : amino acids : organic acids) = (44 : 6 : 50). 14Carbon pulse fed to a leaf appeared in the root sap within 30 min, rose to a peak at 4-6 h, and declined slowly over a week. During all this time the neutral, cation and anion fractions were sensibly constant in the proportions 86 : 10 : 4. The 14C therefore did not move towards the equilibrium of 12C-compounds in the sap. It is argued that the results do not support a hypothesis of formation of amino carbon from recent assimilate and reduced nitrate in the roots and an export of this to the shoot in the transpiration stream.

Accuracy and Usefulness of Psychrometer and Pressure Chamber for Evaluating Water Potentials of Pinus radiata Needles

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Millar
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Pressure Chamber ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Potential Gradients ◽  
Fundamental Uncertainty ◽  
The One

Pressure chamber evaluations of xylem sap pressure potential (P) and thermocouple psychrometric evaluations of average water potential (Ψl) in needles from both transpiring and non-transpiring pine trees (Pinus radiata D. Don) were compared in order to determine the relative accuracy and usefulness of these methods for assessing Ψl. Markedly different but linear P v. Ψl relationships were obtained for pine needles of different age and also for the case where resin exudation masked the xylem and led to a 'resin error'. Evidence suggests that these differences are mainly due to injection and resin errors in pressure chamber determinations totalling as much as 1 MPa (a 10 bar). The psychrometric method appears to be the much more accurate. Radial water potential gradients across leaves did not result in differences between evaluations of P and Ψl, at least in P. radiata. The need for multiple 'calibrations' of the pressure chamber and the fundamental uncertainty about the constancy of such calibrations on the one hand and the slowness of the excised-needle psychrometer on the other can restrict the usefulness of these methods.

scholarly journals Spread and Increase of Ratoon Stunting Disease of Sugarcane and Comparison of Disease Detection Methods

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (12) ◽  
pp. 1170-1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hoy ◽  
M. P. Grisham ◽  
K. E. Damann
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Disease Detection ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
Ratoon Stunting Disease ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassays

The spread and increase of ratoon stunting disease (RSD) resulting from two mechanical harvests were compared in eight sugarcane cultivars at two locations. RSD spread and increase were detected in the ratoon crops grown after each harvest and varied among cultivars and locations. Disease spread and increase were greater in plants grown from stalks collected at the first harvest than in the first ratoon growth from the harvested field. RSD infection was determined using five disease detection methods: alkaline-induced metaxylem autofluorescence; microscopic examination of xylem sap; and dot blot, evaporative-binding, and tissue blot enzyme immunoassays. The tissue blot enzyme immunoassay was the most accurate RSD detection method. The dot blot and evaporative-binding enzyme immunoassays were the least sensitive for detection of RSD-infected stalks, and alkaline-induced metaxylem autofluorescence was least accurate for correct identification of noninfected stalks. The results indicate that disease spread and increase are variable even among cultivars susceptible to yield loss due to RSD, and the greatest threat of disease spread and increase occurs at planting.

A tomato xylem sap protein represents a new family of small cysteine-rich proteins with structural similarity to lipid transfer proteins

FEBS Letters ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 534 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Rep ◽  
Henk L Dekker ◽  
Jack H Vossen ◽  
Albert D de Boer ◽  
Petra M Houterman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Lipid Transfer ◽  
Lipid Transfer Proteins ◽  
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