Evaluation of the Nutrients Uptake by Tomato Plants in Different Phenological Stages Using an Electrical Conductivity Technique

Nutrient consumption by plants depends on the growth stage and environmental conditions. In general, plants take up species of elements at different speeds. We monitored and recorded the electrical charge flow through xylem sap of tomato plants (Brillante F1) using femto/picoammeter equipment (Keysight B2981A). This technique evaluates the nutrient uptake of tomato treated with the most common macronutrients (KNO3; KH2PO4; Ca(NO3)2; KCl) by monitoring the electrical conductivity for 24 h. The electrical conductivity of each treatment correlated with the plant growth and development stages. The results showed that the tomato plants had a high consumption of nutrients in the vegetative stage, while in other stages, they had a specific consumption, like phosphorus for bulb formation, potassium for increasing the number of flowers and water for the ripening of fruits. The quantitative evaluation of the ions absorbed by the plant was based on the magnitude and shape of the electrical conductivity curves. Our technique is an efficient method to determine nutrient consumption and is useful in predicting the deficiency of a certain element in tomato plants.

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Structural and Electrical Properties of Titania Thin Films

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.925.300 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 925 ◽

pp. 300-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sharipah Nadzirah ◽

Uda Hashim ◽

N. Malihah

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Current Flow ◽

Sol Gel ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Structural And Electrical Properties ◽

Crystallite Sizes ◽

Average Current ◽

Flow Through

This research studies the properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles synthesized by two different stabilizers via sol-gel method. Acetic and hydrochloric acids have been used as stabilizers to form two different TiO2 thin films. 100 μm gap of Al IDEs have been fabricated on each annealed TiO2 films. Finally the samples were physically and electrically characterized. Average crystallite sizes of the nanoparticles are 20 and 25 nm for acetic and hydrochloric acid respectively. The average current flow through the devices was extremely small which are around micro-to-nanoampere. It was found that the electrical conductivity increased significantly when particle sizes decreases.

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Establishing Relationship between Saturated Paste Electrical Conductivity (ECe) and Soil:Water Electrical Conductivity (EC1:2) in Some Swell-Shrink Soils of Nagpur District, Maharashtra

Agropedology ◽

10.47114/j.agroped.2017.dec6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Yagani Sinha ◽

◽

Rajeev Srivastava ◽

Jagdish Prasad ◽

M.S.S. Nagaraju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Water ◽

Crop Production ◽

Clayey Soils ◽

Soil Series ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Water Suspension ◽

Nagpur District ◽

Chloride Salts

Soil salinity is a major environmental hazard which adversely affects plant growth, crop production, soil and water quality and agricultural productivity.Soil salinity is determined by measuring electrical conductivity of soil water suspension. Though saturation paste ECe closely relates with plant growth and development but its measurement is laborious and time-consuming specifically in clayey soils when large number of samples are analyzed. Measurement of EC1:2 (1:2 Soil: water suspension) is very quick and economical. Therefore, a need is felt to develop a relationship between ECe and EC1:2so that the values of EC1:2 could easily be related to ECe. For this, anexperiment was conducted on four soil series representing swell-shrink soils. Soils were artificially salinized with solutions (salt) of 0.2, 0.5, 1 and 2% of chloride salts (NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2 and their mixture) and replicated three times. The results indicate that a significant relationship (r=0.96) exists between ECe and soil EC1:2and soil ECe can be reliably predicted from EC1:2 in swell-shrink soils.

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Trehalose induces tomato defenses and increases drought tolerance and bacterial wilt disease resistance

10.1101/2021.07.26.453814 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

April M MacIntyre ◽

Valerian Meline ◽

Zachary Gorman ◽

Steven P Augustine ◽

Carolyn J Dye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Resistance ◽

Stomatal Conductance ◽

Water Use ◽

Bacterial Wilt ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Bacterial Wilt Disease ◽

Infected Tomato ◽

Use Efficiency

Ralstonia solanacearum causes plant bacterial wilt disease, leading to severe crop losses. Xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected tomato is enriched in host produced trehalose. Water stressed plants accumulate the disaccharide trehalose, which increases drought tolerance via abscisic acid (ABA) signaling networks. Because infected plants have reduced water flow, we hypothesized that bacterial wilt physiologically mimics drought stress, which trehalose could mitigate. Transcriptomic responses of susceptible vs. resistant tomato plants to R. solanacearum infection revealed differential expression of drought-associated genes, including those involved in ABA and trehalose metabolism. ABA was enriched in xylem sap from R. solanacearum-infected plants. Treating roots with ABA lowered stomatal conductance and reduced R. solanacearum stem colonization. Treating roots with trehalose increased ABA in xylem sap and reduced plant water use by reducing stomatal conductance and temporarily improving water use efficiency. Further, trehalose-treated plants were more resistant to bacterial wilt disease. Trehalose treatment also upregulated expression of salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense genes, increased xylem sap levels of SA and other antimicrobial compounds, and increased wilt resistance of SA-insensitive NahG tomato plants. Additionally, trehalose treatment increased xylem concentrations of jasmonic acid and related oxylipins. Together, these data show that exogenous trehalose reduced both water stress and bacterial wilt disease and triggered systemic resistance. This suite of responses revealed unexpected linkages between plant responses to biotic and abiotic stress and suggests that that R. solanacearum-infected tomato plants produce more trehalose to improve water use efficiency and increase wilt disease resistance. In turn, R. solanacearum degrades trehalose as a counter-defense.

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LIQUID FLOW THROUGH SANDS: RELIABILITY OF TORTUOSITY MEASURED FROM ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND THE IMPORTANCE OF EVALUATING EFFECTIVE POROSITY

Journal of Porous Media ◽

10.1615/jpormedia.v19.i6.40 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 527-537

Author(s):

Agnes Montillet ◽

Abderrahmane O. A. Khalifa ◽

Nour-Eddine Sabiri

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Liquid Flow ◽

Effective Porosity ◽

Flow Through

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Technical Note: Design of a Flow-Through Electrical Conductivity Probe

Applied Engineering in Agriculture ◽

10.13031/2013.26888 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 373-376

Author(s):

C. W. Walker ◽

J. E. Watson ◽

R. S. Thomas

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Technical Note ◽

Conductivity Probe ◽

Flow Through

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Nitrate Transport Rate in the Xylem of Tomato Plants Grafted onto a Vigorous Rootstock

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10020182 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 182 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Francisco Albornoz ◽

Alonso G. Pérez-Donoso ◽

Jorge Leigh Urbina ◽

Matías Monasterio ◽

Miguel Gómez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Uptake ◽

N Uptake ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Light Level ◽

Hydraulic Conductance ◽

Transport Rate ◽

Nitrate Transport ◽

Limited Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tomato Plants

Vigorous interspecific rootstocks increase nitrogen (N) uptake in tomato plants but limited information is available on xylem transport rate. Non-grafted and self-grafted tomato plants cv. Attiya and plants grafted onto an interspecific hybrid, Kaiser, were grown under growth chamber conditions and subjected to two light levels, 400 or 800 µmol PAR m−2 s−1. Plant water uptake, xylem sap NO3− content, and stem hydraulic conductance (ks) were measured after two weeks of growth. Xylem vessel number and diameter were evaluated in cross-sectional stem cuts and the theoretical xylem hydraulic conductance (kh) was calculated. Only the light level modified the xylem NO3− content. Grafting reduced ks by 84% in comparison to non-grafted plants. The water uptake rate and xylem sap NO3− content were 4.02 ± 0.66 g H2O kg−1 DW h−1 and 12.78 ± 1.16 mM, respectively, across all grafting treatments. The rootstock has a higher kh because the vessel diameter is 79.3 ± 14.4 µm while in non-grafted plants it is 62.0 ± 10.1 µm. Nitrate concentration and transport rate changes accordingly to the plant’s growth rate. The vigorous rootstock relies on larger vessels to supply the required amounts of N.

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Potassium Affects Sodium Content in Tomato Plants Grown in Hydroponic Cultivation under Saline-sodic Stress

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1220 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1220-1222 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

L. Botrini ◽

A. Graifenberg ◽

M. Lipucci di Paola

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

High Salinity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Sodium Content ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Hydroponic Cultivation ◽

Tomato Cultivars ◽

Na Uptake

The tomato cultivars Edkawi and UC 82B (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were grown hydroponically in a solution [electrical conductivity (EC) 2.4 dS·m-1] containing 150 mm Na (EC 11.4 dS·m-1), 37 mm of K (EC 14.1 dS·m-1), or 75 mm of K (EC 19.7 dS·m-1). The leaf Na content of `Edkawi' and `UC 82B' reached values of 1717 and 2022 mmol·kg-1 dry weight at EC 19.7 dS·m-1, respectively. The high levels of K in the hydroponic solution reduced the Na concentration in the roots, petioles, and stems, but not in the leaves. Potassium concentrations in the petioles of `Edkawi' and `UC 82 B' reached values of 2655 and 2966 mmol·kg-1 dry weight, respectively. At these elevated ECs, the Ca concentrations in the leaves of `Edkawi' and `UC 82B' were 30% and 40% lower than in the control, respectively. The elevated rates of K improved the fruit: flower ratio of `UC 82B', but the high salinity of the solution reduced yields significantly. Plant fresh weight and root dry weight of `UC 82B' were most affected by high EC levels. The elevated levels of K used in this study did not increase yield, but K ions can adjust to Na uptake.

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