Early Detection and Intervention for Adolescents at Risk for Engaging in Abusive Sexual Behavior: A Case for Prevention

2016 ◽  
pp. 191-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rothman
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Early Detection

scholarly journals FRI0226 OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY OF THE SKIN DETECTS SCLERODERMA CHANGES IN CLINICALLY UNAFFECTED SKIN: AN OPPORTUNITY FOR EARLY DETECTION OF SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 696.2-696
Author(s):  
G. Abignano ◽  
D. Temiz Karadağ ◽  
O. Gundogdu ◽  
G. Lettieri ◽  
M. C. Padula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Systemic Sclerosis ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Unaffected Skin

Background:The Very Early Diagnosis Of Systemic Sclerosis (VEDOSS) study has shown that 82% of patients with Raynaud’s Phenomenon, specific ANA positivity and scleroderma pattern at nail fold videocapillaroscopy will fulfil classification criteria within 5 years. This is suggesting that there is a subclinical window of opportunity to diagnose systemic sclerosis (SSc) before clinical manifestations occur. In this scenario, a non-invasive tool to diagnose SSc in clinically unaffected skin might improve the early detection of disease in at risk-patients. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the skin has been shown to be a sensitive and accurate biomarker of skin fibrosis in SSc.Objectives:Here we aimed to assess the ability of skin OCT to “detect” SSc in clinically unaffected skin from a multicentre cohort.Methods:Dorsal forearm skin of SSc patients and matched-healthy controls (HC) was evaluated using VivoSight scanner (Michelson Diagnostics). Mean A-scans (mean OCT signal plotted against depth-in-tissue) were derived as previously described. Minimum Optical Density (MinOD), Maximum OD (MaxOD) and OD at 300 micron-depth (OD300) were calculated. Clinical involvement was assessed by an operator blinded to OCT findings using the mRSS. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was carried out for MinOD, MaxOD, and OD300 to evaluate their ability to discriminate between SSc and HC. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism software V.7.0.Results:One hundred seventy four OCT images were collected from 87 subjects [43 SSc (39 Female, mean age 49.7±9.1 years) and 44 gender/age-matched healthy controls (HC) (36 Female, mean age 50.2±8.3 years)] in two different SSc centres. All patients fulfilled classification criteria for SSc. OCT measures demonstrated discriminative ability in SSc skin detection with any clinical skin involvement (0-3 at site of analysis) with an AUC of 0.73 (MinOD, 95%CI 0.64-0.81), 0.77 (MaxOD, 95%CI 0.7-0.85) and 0.82 (OD300, 95%CI 0.76-0.89); p<0.0001 for all as previously indicated. Most importantly, all three measures showed comparable performance in detecting scleroderma also in clinically unaffected skin (mRss=0 at site of analysis), with an AUC of 0.7 (95%CI 0.6-0.81, p=0.001), 0.72 (95%CI 0.61-0.83, p=0.0003) and 0.72 (95%CI 0.61-0.83, p=0.0003) for MinOD, MaxOD and OD300 respectively.Conclusion:Virtual biopsy by OCT recognises clinically unaffected skin of SSc patients from the HC skin. This is consistent with gene array data showing that scleroderma specific signatures are consistent in affected and clinically unaffected skin. These results inform future studies on at risk patients with clinically unaffected skin which may define a role for OCT in detecting subclinical SSc.Disclosure of Interests:Giuseppina Abignano: None declared, Duygu Temiz Karadağ: None declared, Ozcan Gundogdu: None declared, Giovanni Lettieri: None declared, Maria Carmela Padula: None declared, Angela Padula: None declared, Paul Emery Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Pfizer, Roche (all paid to employer), Consultant of: AbbVie (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Bristol-Myers Squibb (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Lilly (clinical trials, advisor), Merck Sharp & Dohme (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Novartis (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Pfizer (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Roche (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Samsung (clinical trials, advisor), Sandoz (clinical trials, advisor), UCB (consultant, clinical trials, advisor), Salvatore D’Angelo: None declared, Francesco Del Galdo: None declared

scholarly journals Measuring pragmatic skills: early detection of infants at risk for communication problems

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mie Cocquyt ◽  
Maurice Yves Mommaerts ◽  
Hazel Dewart ◽  
Inge Zink
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Communication Problems ◽  
Pragmatic Skills

scholarly journals Early Detection of At-Risk Undergraduate Students through Academic Performance Predictors

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Vikash Rowtho
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Performance Predictors ◽  
A New Technique

Undergraduate student dropout is gradually becoming a global problem and the 39 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) are no exception to this trend. The purpose of this research was to develop a method that can be used for early detection of students who are at-risk of performing poorly in their undergraduate studies. A sample of 279 students participated in the study conducted in a Mauritian private tertiary academic institution. Results of regression analyses identified the variables having a significant influence on academic performance. These variables were used in a linear discriminant analysis where 74 percent of the students could be correctly classified into three categories: at-risk, pass or fail. In conclusion, this study has proposed a new technique that can be used by institutions to determine significant academic performance predictors and then identify at-risk students upon whom interventions can be implemented prior to exams to address the problem of dropouts.

Undiagnosed patients and patients at risk for COPD in primary health care: early detection with the support of non-physicians

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 366-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubertus J. M. Vrijhoef ◽  
Joseph P. M. Diederiks ◽  
Geertjan J. Wesseling ◽  
Constant P. Van Schayck ◽  
Cor Spreeuwenberg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Patients At Risk

P03-S Repeated baseline EEG measures effectiveness for early detection of at-risk older adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (7) ◽  
pp. e94-e95
Author(s):  
Voyko Kavcic ◽  
Rok Pozar ◽  
Bruno Giordani
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Detection

General Practice Recruitment for People at Risk of Schizophrenia: The Buckingham Experience

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. A131-A136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian R. H. Falloon
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Psychotic Episode

Objective The process of detecting people at high risk of schizophrenia from a community sample is a major challenge for prevention of psychotic disorders. The aim of this paper is to describe early detection procedures that can be implemented in primary care settings. Methods A selected literature review is supplemented by experiences and data obtained during the Buckingham Integrated Mental Health Care Project. Results General medical practitioners have been favoured as the agents most likely to prove helpful in detecting the key risk factors that predict the onset of schizophrenic disorders, as well as in recognising the earliest signs and symptoms of these conditions. However, the practical problems of screening for multiple and subtle risk factors in general practice are substantial, and general practitioners (GPs) often have difficulty recognising the earliest signs of a psychotic episode. A range of strategies to assist GPs detect early signs of psychosis in their patients are considered. Conclusions It is feasible to implement primary care setting early detection procedures for people at risk of schizophrenia. Implementation is aided by the use of a brief screening questionnaire, training sessions and case supervision; and increased collaboration with mental health services and other community agencies.

scholarly journals Feasibility of cardiovascular risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 2255
Author(s):  
Anabela Fonseca ◽  
Tacio Lima ◽  
Margarida Castelo-Branco ◽  
Isabel Vitória Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Community Pharmacists ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Community Pharmacies ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Risk Screening ◽  
Screening Programs

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of human mortality. As highly accessible and qualified health professionals, community pharmacists can be included in the early detection of patients at risk for CVD by implementing CVD screening programs. Objective: To assess the feasibility of CVD risk screening services in Portuguese community pharmacies from the evaluation of customers acceptability. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a community pharmacy in Portugal. The purpose of entering the pharmacy was recorded for all customers. Afterwards, the customers were invited to be interviewed by the pharmacist, who registered their willingness to participate and collected the participants’ data and biochemical and physical parameters to assess their CV risk by applying the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE) model. For the participants who were not eligible for the SCORE-based risk assessment, the pharmacist considered the major modifiable CVD risk factors - hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking habits, obesity, impaired fasting glucose and sedentary behavior - according to the ESC guidelines. Results: Picking up medication was the most prevalent reason 69.8% (n=1,600) for entering the pharmacy, and among the contacted customers, 56.4% (n=621) agreed to have their CVD risk assessed. Of the 588 participants, 56.6% (n=333) were already on CV pharmacotherapy and were therefore not eligible for screening. Of the 43.4% (n=255) CV pharmacotherapy-naïve participants, 94.9% (n=242) were screened with at least one CVD risk factor; 52.9% (n=135) were not eligible for the SCORE assessment, of which 92.6% (n=125) presented CVD risk factors. Of the 120 SCORE eligible participants, 80.0% (n=96) were at least at moderate risk of CVD. Conclusions: We determined the feasibility of CVD risk screening in Portuguese community pharmacies, as we found high customer acceptability, noted the reasons for nonattendance, and found a high prevalence of CVD risk factors in at-risk patients. This is an opportunity for Portuguese community pharmacists to take a leading role in the early detection of CVD.

Early Detection of Learning Problems: Questions, Cautions, and Guidelines

1973 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara K. Keogh ◽  
Laurence D. Becker
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Learning Problems ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Functional Aspects

Assumptions underlying programs of early identification of young children viewed as educationally “at risk” are reviewed in terms of the research literature relevant to questions of validity of identifying or screening techniques, implications of recognition for remediation, and possible compounding negative effects of early identification. Guidelines for development and implementation of programs of early detection are proposed. Recommendations include emphasis upon techniques which are short term and educationally oriented and which are based on functional aspects of children's behavior in classroom settings.

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