Practicing Sustainable Art in the Arctic: Two Case Studies

2017 ◽  
pp. 305-315
Author(s):  
Herminia Din
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
The Arctic

Advanced submerged arc welding processes for Arctic structures and ice-going vessels

2016 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127
Author(s):  
Pavel Layus ◽  
Paul Kah ◽  
Viktor Gezha
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Submerged Arc Welding ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Welding Processes ◽  
Submerged Arc

The Arctic region is expected to play an extremely prominent role in the future of the oil and gas industry as growing demand for natural resources leads to greater exploitation of a region that holds about 25% of the world’s oil and gas reserves. It has become clear that ensuring the necessary reliability of Arctic industrial structures is highly dependent on the welding processes used and the materials employed. The main challenge for welding in Arctic conditions is prevention of the formation of brittle fractures in the weld and base material. One mitigating solution to obtain sufficiently low-transition temperatures of the weld is use of a suitable welding process with properly selected parameters. This work provides a comprehensive review with experimental study of modified submerged arc welding processes used for Arctic applications, such as narrow gap welding, multi-wire welding, and welding with metal powder additions. Case studies covered in this article describe welding of Arctic steels such as X70 12.7-mm plate by multi-wire welding technique. Advanced submerged arc welding processes are compared in terms of deposition rate and welding process operational parameters, and the advantages and disadvantages of each process with respect to low-temperature environment applications are listed. This article contributes to the field by presenting a comprehensive state-of-the-art review and case studies of the most common submerged arc welding high deposition modifications. Each modification is reviewed in detail, facilitating understanding and assisting in correct selection of appropriate welding processes and process parameters.

scholarly journals Review article: How does glacier discharge affect marine biogeochemistry and primary production in the Arctic?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1347-1383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hopwood ◽  
Dustin Carroll ◽  
Thorben Dunse ◽  
Andy Hodson ◽  
Johnna M. Holding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Temporal Region ◽  
Marine Biogeochemistry ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract. Freshwater discharge from glaciers is increasing across the Arctic in response to anthropogenic climate change, which raises questions about the potential downstream effects in the marine environment. Whilst a combination of long-term monitoring programmes and intensive Arctic field campaigns have improved our knowledge of glacier–ocean interactions in recent years, especially with respect to fjord/ocean circulation, there are extensive knowledge gaps concerning how glaciers affect marine biogeochemistry and productivity. Following two cross-cutting disciplinary International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) workshops addressing the importance of glaciers for the marine ecosystem, here we review the state of the art concerning how freshwater discharge affects the marine environment with a specific focus on marine biogeochemistry and biological productivity. Using a series of Arctic case studies (Nuup Kangerlua/Godthåbsfjord, Kongsfjorden, Kangerluarsuup Sermia/Bowdoin Fjord, Young Sound and Sermilik Fjord), the interconnected effects of freshwater discharge on fjord–shelf exchange, nutrient availability, the carbonate system, the carbon cycle and the microbial food web are investigated. Key findings are that whether the effect of glacier discharge on marine primary production is positive or negative is highly dependent on a combination of factors. These include glacier type (marine- or land-terminating), fjord–glacier geometry and the limiting resource(s) for phytoplankton growth in a specific spatio-temporal region (light, macronutrients or micronutrients). Arctic glacier fjords therefore often exhibit distinct discharge–productivity relationships, and multiple case-studies must be considered in order to understand the net effects of glacier discharge on Arctic marine ecosystems.

scholarly journals International and Domestic Law Dimensions of Climate Justice for Arctic Indigenous Peoples

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 113-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Kronk Warner ◽  
Randall S. Abate
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Indian Country ◽  
Indigenous Nations ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

The Arctic region is in crisis from the effects of climate change. The impacts of climate change pose a particular threat to Arctic indigenous communities. Because of the disproportionate impacts of climate change, these indigenous communities are environmental justice communities. Part I of this article discusses how indigenous nations are environmental justice communities and discusses the unique factors that may apply to environmental justice claims arising in Indian country. The article then presents two case studies to explore how, if at all, these concepts have been previously applied to environmental justice claims brought by various Arctic indigenous communities. Part II addresses the Inuit Circumpolar Conference’s petition to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Part III considers the Native Village of Kivalina’s lawsuit against numerous private emitters of greenhouse gases. These case studies underscore the failure of international and domestic forums’ consideration of the special situation of Arctic indigenous peoples as environmental justice communities.

scholarly journals Is Russia an Arctic Status Quo Power?

Politik ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Larsen Nonboe
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Law ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
North Pole ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
The North ◽  
The Status

Russian foreign policy in the increasingly important Arctic region reflects an ambiguous combination of assertiveness and cooperation in accordance with international law. Against this background, the existing literature on the Arctic tends to polarise around revisionist and status quo interpretations of Russian foreign policy in the region. The present paper contrasts the divergent interpretations through case studies of the Russian flag planting on the North Pole seabed in 2007 and Russia’s participation at the Ilulissat Summit in 2008 which can be seen as ‘crucial’ cases for the competing interpretations. Overall, the case studies provide support for a modidied version of the status quo interpretation which incorporates insights from the revisionist interpretation. 

The Threat of the Thaw: The Cold War on the Screen

Films on Ice ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Westerståhl Stenport
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Television Series ◽  
Porous Sheet ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Alien Invasion ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The U.S

This chapter examines how the Arctic was figured as a porous sheet of ice separating the East and West Blocs during the Cold War and held a privileged position in Hollywood and Soviet filmmaking from the 1950s to the 1980s. Stenport’s case studies range from early alien invasion films such as The Thing From Another World (1951), USSR national icebreaker epics such as The Red Tent (1969), political thrillers such as Ice Station Zebra, 1968), Oscar winning ‘Real Life Adventures’ Disney documentaries such as Men Against the Arctic (1955) to television series such as The Big Picture (1951-1964). Stenport examines a wide swath of cinematic forms from the U.S., the USSR, Sweden, and Norway not previously analysed in tension with one another, showing how these are put to environmental and ideological uses.

Poleward moisture transport and its influence on precipitation in the Arctic: From case studies to long-term statistics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Lauer ◽  
Annette Rinke ◽  
Irina Gorodetskaya ◽  
Susanne Crewell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Moisture Transport ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Vapour Transport ◽  
Water Vapour Transport ◽  
Downward Longwave Radiation

<p>There are many factors which could contribute to the Arctic warming: feedback processes like the lapse rate and ice-albedo feedback, the increasing downward longwave radiation caused by clouds and water vapour, and the reduction of sea ice in summer that leads to absorption of solar radiation and increase in local evaporation and more clouds. But also the atmospheric moisture transport from the lower latitudes can contribute to the surface warming in high-latitudes. This poleward moisture transport is mostly accomplished by extra-tropical cyclones, with especially strong contribution by the Atmospheric Rivers (ARs). ARs are long, narrow bands of enhanced water vapour transport which are responsible for over 90% of the poleward water vapour transport in and across mid-latitudes. Furthermore, they are responsible for producing significant levels of rain and snow. In addition, the greenhouse effect of water vapour and the formation of clouds increase the downward longwave radiation which can cause a thinning and melting of Arctic sea ice and snow.</p><p>In this study, we investigate the contribution of ARs to Arctic precipitation. Firstly, we look into different case studies for which observational data from the campaigns within the Collaborative Research Center “Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)<sup>3</sup>” exist. The data include enhanced observations at/around Svalbard performed during the ACLOUD and the AFLUX campaigns.</p><p>Previous studies have shown that ARs reaching into the Arctic have different origins, including the Atlantic and the Pacific pathways and also Siberia. Here we examine which pathway is more common and which one transports more moisture into the Arctic for these case studies by using existing AR catalogues from global and polar-specific algorithms. Furthermore, the variability of precipitation influences the surface mass and energy balance of polar sea ice and ice sheets. Therefore, we will analyse the influence of ARs on precipitation in terms of frequency, intensity, and type of precipitation (rain or snow) for the different case studies. For this purpose, we will use reanalyses and observational data for the water vapour transport, total precipitation, rain and snow profiles.The occurrence of ARs and its influence on precipitation will be extended from case studies to the long-term statistics (for at least 10 years).</p>

scholarly journals Lidar characterization of the Arctic atmosphere during ASTAR 2007: four cases studies of boundary layer, mixed-phase and multi-layer clouds

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 2847-2866 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lampert ◽  
C. Ritter ◽  
A. Hoffmann ◽  
J.-F. Gayet ◽  
G. Mioche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Raman Lidar ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol

Abstract. During the Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation (ASTAR), which was conducted in Svalbard in March and April 2007, tropospheric Arctic clouds were observed with two ground-based backscatter lidar systems (micro pulse lidar and Raman lidar) and with an airborne elastic lidar. In the time period of the ASTAR 2007 campaign, an increase in low-level cloud cover (cloud tops below 2.5 km) from 51% to 65% was observed above Ny-Ålesund. Four different case studies of lidar cloud observations are analyzed: With the ground-based Raman lidar, a layer of spherical particles was observed at an altitude of 2 km after the dissolution of a cloud. The layer probably consisted of small hydrated aerosol (radius of 280 nm) with a high number concentration (around 300 cm−3) at low temperatures (−30 °C). Observations of a boundary layer mixed-phase cloud by airborne lidar and concurrent airborne in situ and spectral solar radiation sensors revealed the localized process of total glaciation at the boundary of different air masses. In the free troposphere, a cloud composed of various ice layers with very different optical properties was detected by the Raman lidar, suggesting large differences of ice crystal size, shape and habit. Further, a mixed-phase double layer cloud was observed by airborne lidar in the free troposphere. Local orography influenced the evolution of this cloud. The four case studies revealed relations of cloud properties and specific atmospheric conditions, which we plan to use as the base for numerical simulations of these clouds.

Modelling Results With a New Simulator for Arctic Marine Structures - SAMS

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Tsarau ◽  
Marnix van den Berg ◽  
Wenjun Lu ◽  
Raed Lubbad ◽  
Sveinung Løset
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Offshore Structures ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
High Fidelity ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Floating Structures ◽  
Ice Loads ◽  
Numerical Tool ◽  
Flow Effects

The Simulator for Arctic Marine Structures (SAMS) has emerged on the foundation of a number of scientific models developed at SAMCoT – Centre for Research-based Innovation - Sustainable Arctic Marine and Coastal Technology hosted by NTNU – as a versatile numerical tool for the analysis of sea ice actions and action effects on Arctic offshore structures. The current capabilities of SAMS allow engineers to analyse icefloe impacts and ice loads on arbitrary marine structures in various environmental conditions; simulations may involve both fixed and floating structures, non-rigid multi floe interactions, ice breaking and ice rubbling, wind, current and propeller-flow effects on both structures and ice. All these capabilities can be combined to model also complex marine operations in the Arctic and subarctic regions. As SAMS can be applied in both full- and model scales, a number of available experimental case studies from the field and ice tanks can be reanalysed with the new simulator to ensure the high fidelity of the simulations and to establish a validation basis. This paper presents several of such case studies and discusses further validation possibilities.

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