The Interactive Effect of Residue Quality, Quantity, Soil Texture and N Management on Maize Crop Yield in Ghana

2018 ◽  
pp. 49-62
Author(s):  
E. Yeboah ◽  
M. K. Abekoe ◽  
G. N. N. Dowuona ◽  
B. Vanlauwe ◽  
S. P. Sohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Residue Quality ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
N Management

scholarly journals Achieving Sustainability in Food Systems: Addressing Changing Climate through Real Time Nitrogen and Weed Management in a Conservation Agriculture-Based Maize–Wheat System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Vinod K. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Rishi Raj ◽  
T. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Management

The proven significance of conservation agriculture (CA) in enhancing agronomic productivity and resource use efficiency across diverse agro-ecologies is often challenged by weed interference and nitrogen (N) immobilization. The collective effect of real-time N and weed management has been scarcely studied. To evaluate the appropriateness of sensor-based N management in conjunction with a broad-spectrum weed control strategy for the maize–wheat system, an experiment was conducted at ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute—in New Delhi, India, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Weed management in maize through Sesbania brown manure followed by post-emergence application of 2,4-D (BM + 2,4-D) in maize and tank-mix clodinafop-propargyl (60 g ha−1) and carfentrazone (20 g ha−1) (Clodi+carfentra) in wheat resulted in minimum weed infestation in both crops. It also resulted in highest maize (5.92 and 6.08 t ha−1) and wheat grain yields (4.91 and 5.4 t ha−1) during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively. Half of the N requirement, when applied as basal and the rest as guided by Optical crop sensor, resulted in saving 56 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the maize–wheat system, respectively, over 100% N application as farmers’ fertilizer practice during the two consecutive years. Interactive effect of N and weed management on economic yield of maize and wheat was also significant and maximum yield was obtained with 50% N application as basal + rest as per Optical crop sensor and weed management through BM+2,4-D in maize and Clodi+carfentra in wheat crop. The study concludes that real-time N management, complemented with appropriate weed management, improved growth, enhanced agronomic productivity and endorsed N saving under a CA-based maize–wheat system in Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains.

scholarly journals Applying Nitrogen Site-Specifically Using Soil Electrical Conductivity Maps and Precision Agriculture Technology

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 767-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.D. Lund ◽  
M.C. Wolcott ◽  
G.P. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Variable Yield ◽  
Wide Range

Soil texture varies significantly within many agricultural fields. The physical properties of soil, such as soil texture, have a direct effect on water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, crop yield, production capability, and nitrogen (N) loss variations within a field. In short, mobile nutrients are used, lost, and stored differently as soil textures vary. A uniform application of N to varying soils results in a wide range of N availability to the crop. N applied in excess of crop usage results in a waste of the grower’s input expense, a potential negative effect on the environment, and in some crops a reduction of crop quality, yield, and harvestability. Inadequate N levels represent a lost opportunity for crop yield and profit. The global positioning system (GPS)-referenced mapping of bulk soil electrical conductivity (EC) has been shown to serve as an effective proxy for soil texture and other soil properties. Soils with a high clay content conduct more electricity than coarser textured soils, which results in higher EC values. This paper will describe the EC mapping process and provide case studies of site-specific N applications based on EC maps. Results of these case studies suggest that N can be managed site-specifically using a variety of management practices, including soil sampling, variable yield goals, and cropping history.

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO COMPLEMENTAR VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO SUBMETIDO AO DESPENDOAMENTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
CRIZ RENÊ ZANOVELLO ◽  
FABIANO PACENTCHUK ◽  
JAQUELINE HUZAR-NOVAKOWISKI ◽  
GUILHERME ZAMBONIN ◽  
ANTHONY HASEGAWA SANDINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Negative Effect

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

Zinc encapsulated chitosan nanoparticle to promote maize crop yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 ◽  
pp. 126-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Chandra Choudhary ◽  
R.V. Kumaraswamy ◽  
Sarita Kumari ◽  
S.S. Sharma ◽  
Ajay Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticle

scholarly journals Spatial Variability of Soil Physical and Hydraulic Properties in a Durum Wheat Field: An Assessment by the BEST-Procedure

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirko Castellini ◽  
Anna Maria Stellacci ◽  
Matteo Tomaiuolo ◽  
Emanuele Barca
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Field Scale ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Soil Hydraulic

Spatial variability of soil properties at the field scale can determine the extent of agricultural yields and specific research in this area is needed. The general objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between soil physical and hydraulic properties and wheat yield at the field scale and test the BEST-procedure for the spatialization of soil hydraulic properties. A simplified version of the BEST-procedure, to estimate some capacitive indicators from the soil water retention curve (air capacity, ACe, relative field capacity, RFCe, plant available water capacity, PAWCe), was applied and coupled to estimates of structure stability index (SSI), determinations of soil texture and measurements of bulk density (BD), soil organic carbon (TOC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). Variables under study were spatialized to investigate correlations with observed medium-high levels of wheat yields. Soil physical quality assessment and correlations analysis highlighted some inconsistencies (i.e., a negative correlation between PAWCe and crop yield), and only five variables (i.e., clay + silt fraction, BD, TOC, SSI and PAWCe) were spatially structured. Therefore, for the soil–crop system studied, application of the simplified BEST-procedure did not return completely reliable results. Results highlighted that (i) BD was the only variable selected by stepwise analysis as a function of crop yield, (ii) BD showed a spatial distribution in agreement with that detected for crop yield, and (iii) the cross-correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between BD and wheat yield up to a distance of approximately 25 m. Such results have implications for Mediterranean agro-environments management. In any case, the reliability of simplified measurement methods for estimating soil hydraulic properties needs to be further verified by adopting denser measurements grids in order to better capture the soil spatial variability. In addition, the temporal stability of observed spatial relationships, i.e., between BD or soil texture and crop yields, needs to be investigated along a larger time interval in order to properly use this information for improving agronomic management.

Copper distribution in chemical soil fractions and relationships with maize crop yield

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Gunkel ◽  
Estelle Roth ◽  
Bernard Fabre
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Soil Fractions ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Copper Distribution

scholarly journals Deficiency of Boron and its management in soil and plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rooma Das ◽  
Devroop Das ◽  
Renu Singh ◽  
Shrila Das ◽  
Sunanda Vishvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendation ◽  
North Eastern

Boron is an essential micronutrient for normal growth and development of plants. Deficiency of B in plants produces several visual symptoms and affects the crop yield. Uptake of B by plants is closely related to the availability of B in soils which is ultimately controlled by many soil properties like soil texture, organic matter content, pH, presence of Fe and Al oxides etc. Boron deficiency in soils is very common in eastern and north-eastern parts of India. The management of B in soils is very important for correcting B deficiency in plants. All the soil and plant parameters must be considered for precise fertilizer recommendation of B, as the range of B deficiency and its toxicity is very narrow in soil and plants.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Practice in Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation Affecting the Fates of 15N-Labeled Fertilizer

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Haiyan Liang ◽  
Pengfei Shen ◽  
Xiangze Kong ◽  
Yuncheng Liao ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Recovery Efficiency ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Nitrogen Recovery Efficiency ◽  
Potential Losses ◽  
N Management

Lower nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE) and negative environmental impacts caused by excessive nitrogen (N) fertilization threaten the sustainability of agriculture. Efficient and appropriate fertilization practices are extremely important to achieve higher crop yield with minimum N loss. A field microplot experiment was conducted in a wheat-maize rotation system in Shaanxi province, at North China Plain, using the 15N isotope tracer technique to qualify the different annual N managements in terms of crop yield, NRE, N distribution in plant-soil, and N losses to optimize the N management. The experiment included four N treatments: conventional practice with 510 kg ha−1 annually in four applications (N1), and three optimized N treatments, reducing N rate to 420 kg ha−1, adjusting topdressing fertilizer times and using slow-release fertilizer (SRF) (N2, N3, N4). The results showed that the grain yield and N uptake did not differ significantly among treatments. N from fertilizer taken up (Ndff) by wheat was not affected by N management; however, in maize, Ndff performed differently. Optimized treatments significantly decreased the Ndff as compared to N1 treatment. Furthermore, NRE of wheat and annual nitrogen recovery efficiency (annual NRE) did not differ among treatments in 2016 but significantly increased in 2017 compared to N1. Annual NRE in 2017 was similar to that obtained for wheat. For maize, optimized N managements decreased the NRE in N3 and N4 treatments of two years. Potential losses in wheat were also similar amongst treatments, but in maize, N3 and N4 had lower residual N in the soil’s top 60 cm but resulted in higher potential losses than N1 and N2. Overall, our results demonstrate that applying 420 kg N ha−1 annually in three applications and combining SRF and urea are effective to sustain crop yield, improve the efficiency of N usage by maize, and reduce N losses in this region.

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