scholarly journals Achieving Sustainability in Food Systems: Addressing Changing Climate through Real Time Nitrogen and Weed Management in a Conservation Agriculture-Based Maize–Wheat System

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 5010
Author(s):  
Kapila Shekhawat ◽  
Vinod K. Singh ◽  
Sanjay Singh Rathore ◽  
Rishi Raj ◽  
T. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Application ◽  
N Management

The proven significance of conservation agriculture (CA) in enhancing agronomic productivity and resource use efficiency across diverse agro-ecologies is often challenged by weed interference and nitrogen (N) immobilization. The collective effect of real-time N and weed management has been scarcely studied. To evaluate the appropriateness of sensor-based N management in conjunction with a broad-spectrum weed control strategy for the maize–wheat system, an experiment was conducted at ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute—in New Delhi, India, during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017. Weed management in maize through Sesbania brown manure followed by post-emergence application of 2,4-D (BM + 2,4-D) in maize and tank-mix clodinafop-propargyl (60 g ha−1) and carfentrazone (20 g ha−1) (Clodi+carfentra) in wheat resulted in minimum weed infestation in both crops. It also resulted in highest maize (5.92 and 6.08 t ha−1) and wheat grain yields (4.91 and 5.4 t ha−1) during 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, respectively. Half of the N requirement, when applied as basal and the rest as guided by Optical crop sensor, resulted in saving 56 and 59 kg N ha−1 in the maize–wheat system, respectively, over 100% N application as farmers’ fertilizer practice during the two consecutive years. Interactive effect of N and weed management on economic yield of maize and wheat was also significant and maximum yield was obtained with 50% N application as basal + rest as per Optical crop sensor and weed management through BM+2,4-D in maize and Clodi+carfentra in wheat crop. The study concludes that real-time N management, complemented with appropriate weed management, improved growth, enhanced agronomic productivity and endorsed N saving under a CA-based maize–wheat system in Trans Indo-Gangetic Plains.

scholarly journals Status of conservation agriculture based tillage technology for crop production in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Israil Hossain ◽  
MJU Sarker ◽  
M Arshadul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Good Shape ◽  
Raised Bed

Conservation agriculture (CA) based tillage technology permits direct seeding through the moderate level of crop residue. CIMMYT introduced this technology in the farmers’ field of Bangladesh for wheat crop in collaboration with Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI). Farmers accept CA based tillage technologies considering the advantages of higher yields, reduced cost of tillage operation, and minimum turn around time between the crops. Up land crops are more suitable under these tillage technologies. Weed management in rice cultivation is not yet in a good shape. Most of the tillage implements are operated by imported Chinese two wheel tractor (power tiller). There are few four wheel tractor CA implement using in research farm. Local manufacturers are being fabricated these cost effective small minimum tillage seed drill, raised bed planter, zero till drill, and strip till drills efficiently in different districts of Bangladesh. Farmers accept CA technologies in their field, especially raised bed planting and minimum tillage technology. There are about 425 numbers of raised bed planters and 865 minimum tillage seed drill in the country. Area coverage under bed planting and minimum tillage system are 5764 ha and 21850 ha, respectively. There are 20125 numbers of farmers involved in raised bed farming. There is a big prospect accelerating the CA based tillage technology in the farmers’ field as irrigation water availability becoming limited or more costly. Mind set up is the big issue for adopting CA tillage technology. Training and multi disciplinary approaches can push forward these tillage technologies ahead.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 235-248 June 2015

Weed management in sorghum-legume intercropping systems

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Abraham ◽  
S. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Hand Weeding ◽  
Control Application

SummaryThe field experiments were conducted at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi in summer-rainy seasons of 1980 and 1981 to study the effect of different sorghum-legume intercropping systems and weed control methods on growth, yield and nutrient uptake by different crops and on weeds. The intercropping of legumes increased growth, uptake of N, P and K and yield of sorghum compared with sole sorghum. However, maximum increase was obtained when it was grown in association with fodder cow pea. All intercrops smothered the weeds but maximum suppression was by fodder cow pea. The total uptake of nutrients (N, P and K) was also greater in intercropping systems. Pre-emergence application of fluchloralin at 0·5 kg/ha was most effective in all intercropping systems followed by nitrofen at 1·0 kg/ha. Hand weeding and fluchloralin application also led to higher nutrient uptake by sorghum and the whole system than the unweeded control. Application of fluchloralin and nitrofen controlled most of the weeds and reduced nutrient removal compared with the control but was less effective than hand weeding.

scholarly journals Economic Performance of Crop based Intervention under Farmer FIRST Programme of National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Karnal

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
Parashuram Kambale ◽  
◽  
Gopal Sankhala ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Benefit Cost

Farmer FIRST programme is a new approach for project development initiated by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). The present study entitled ‘Impact Assessment of Selected Interventions under farmers FIRST programme of NDRI’ was conducted in the farmer FIRST project area in five villages namely KamalpurRoran, GarhiGujran, NagalaRoran, Churni and Samourafrom Indri and Karnal blocks of Karnal district of Haryana state. This paper is about economic performance of crop-based intervention under this project. Total three crops-based interventions were selected and 42 respondents were selected in proportionate to the intervention. Informal’ experimental design (before and-after without control design) was used. The results shows that respondents were getting benefit-cost ratios of Integrated Pest Management in paddy (2.08), Integrated Weed Management in wheat (1.97) and integrated nutrient management in wheat (2.05), respectively, with increased yields, effective pest management in paddy, better weed management and balanced nutrient management in wheat crop under these interventions. Overall project has made good impact in the study area.

Distribution of fractions of zinc and their contribution towards availability and plant uptake of zinc under long-term maize (Zea mays L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping on an Inceptisol

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Kumar Behera ◽  
Dhyan Singh ◽  
B. S. Dwivedi ◽  
Sarjeet Singh ◽  
K. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Manganese Carbonate ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Zn Uptake

Intensive farming with high yielding cultivars, application of high analysis NPK fertilisers, and reduced use of organic manures caused a decrease in the availability of zinc (Zn) in Indian soils. We collected soil and plant samples from an ongoing long-term experiment at Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, to study the distribution of different fractions of Zn in an Inceptisol and their contribution towards the Zn availability in soil and Zn uptake in maize–wheat crop rotation. The treatments used for the study were NPK, NPK + FYM, NPK + Zn, and control (no fertiliser or manure). The DTPA-Zn concentration in soil was higher where Zn had been applied and declined with an increase in soil depth. The distribution of different fractions of Zn under various treatments and depths was inconsistent, and varied in a cropping year. The average concentration of total Zn (mg/kg) was 183, 183, 171, and 211 in 0–0.15, 0.15–0.30, 0.30–0.45, and 0.45–0.60 m depth, respectively. Residual Zn was the dominant portion of total Zn at all soil depths. Grain and stover yield of maize ranged from 1.10 to 2.43 t/ha and 1.22 to 2.46 t/ha, respectively, under different treatments, whereas, the yield of wheat grain varied from 2.25 to 4.69 t/ha and that of wheat straw from 2.56 to 5.20 t/ha. Highest uptake of Zn by both the crops occurred in Zn-treated plots. Zinc associated with easily reducible manganese, carbonate and iron and aluminum oxides contributed directly towards DTPA-extractable Zn. Sorbed Zn (SORB-Zn) and Zn associated with organic matter (OM-Zn) contributed significantly towards Zn uptake by the 2 crops.

Influence of biofertilizers and organic amendments on nitrogenase activity and phototrophic biomass of soil under wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Prasanna ◽  
P. Jaiswal ◽  
Y. Singh ◽  
P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Scanty Information

The role of blue green algal (BGA) biofertilizers has been limited to its relevance and utilization in rice crops, and scanty information is available on their use in conjunction with organic amendments and their influence on wheat (Triticum aestivum) . An experiment was conducted from November 2003 to April 2004 in the fields of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, India to evaluate the effect of vermicompost, farmyard manure and biofertilizers (BGA and Azotobacter ) in different combinations with chemical fertilizers (N 40 P 30 K 30 ) in wheat (var. HD 2687). Selected soil biological parameters (cyanobacterial diversity/abundance, nitrogenase activity and the phototrophic biomass of soil cores) were measured. The application of vermicompost in combination with BGA biofertilizer (B+V+N 40 P 30 K 30 ) brought about a significant increase in nitrogenase activity (from 0.1 in N 80 P 30 K 30 to 2.0 nmoles mg chl −1 h −1 ), while Azotobacter + BGA (+N 40 P 30 K 30 ) treatment gave the highest values of chlorophyll (1.19 μg g −1 soil). The addition of vermicompost and farmyard manure (+N 40 P 30 K 30 ) enhanced cyanobacterial abundance, and cyanobacterial genera such as Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, Oscillatoria and Phormidium were the dominant forms observed under the wheat crop. The synergistic effect of organic amendments, biofertilizers and chemical fertilizers, especially BGA inoculants, advocates their utilization in wheat crops to improve soil fertility.

Influence of residual silicon and phosphorus on growth, productivity, lodging and grain quality of succeeding wheat under rice-wheat cropping system

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1676-1684
Author(s):  
D. Jinger ◽  
◽  
S. Dhar ◽  
A. Dass ◽  
V.K. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Yield Attributes

Aim: To assess the residual effect of silicon (Si) and phosphorus (P2O5) application on the growth, productivity, lodging resistance and grain quality of wheat in Indo-Gangetic Plains of India. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with four levels each of silicon (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg Si ha-1) and phosphorus (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg P2O5 ha-1) in a factorial randomized block design (FRBD) replicated three times at research farm of the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study the residual effect of Si and P2O5 on wheat. Growth, yield, yield attributes, lodging and grain quality parameters were analyzed using standard procedures. Both the nutrients were applied in aerobic rice crop and their residual effect was studied in wheat crop. Results: Application of Si and P2O5 in preceding rice crop significantly improved the growth, yield, grain quality of succeeding wheat crop. Grain yield of wheat was increased by 21% due to application of Si and P2O5. Significant improvement was observed when P2O5 and Si were applied at 60 and 80 kg ha-1, respectively. Lodging was reduced by 100% with P2O5 and Si application at 90 and 120 kg ha-1, respectively. Interpretation: Application of Si and P2O5 has potential to enhance productivity by improving growth, yield attributes and reduction in abiotic stress like lodging. Fertilization with P2O5 and Si can reduce lodging and improve wheat grain quality through enhanced sturdiness and protein content.

scholarly journals Modeling impacts of climate change on spring wheat in northern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
SARITA KUMARI ◽  
S. BAIDYA ROY ◽  
P. SHARMA ◽  
A. SRIVASTAVA ◽  
V.K. SEHGAL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Northern India ◽  
The Impact

This study attempts to quantitatively understand the impact of changes in meteorological drivers due to climate change on spring wheat in northern India using numerical experiments with the Simple and Universal CRop growth Simulator (SUCROS) model.The model was calibrated and evaluated for spring wheat cultivar HD2967 using observed crop and meteorological data from a field site at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Sensitivity studies were performed with the SUCROS model by incrementally changing the meteorological drivers to understand the underlying processes through which each meteorological driver affects spring wheat crop growth. The effect of climate change on spring wheat growth was estimated by conducting numerical experiments where the SUCROS model was driven with bias-corrected projections of future climate from six climate models for two scenarios for mid and end century. Results show that competitive/synergistic interactions between meteorological drivers lead to a slight increase in growth at the beginning of the growing season, and a strong decrease of about 50 per cent during the later stage. Apart from improving our understanding of crop growth processes, this study has also policy implications for agriculture and food security in the context of climate change.

Nutrient economy through land configuration and residue management in a greengram (Phaseolus radiatus L.)-wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping sequence with limited water supplies

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-379
Author(s):  
B. G. Shivakumar ◽  
B. N. Mishra ◽  
R. C. Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Indian Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Cropping Sequence ◽  
Phosphorus Application

A field experiment on a greengram-wheat cropping sequence was carried out under limited water supply conditions in 1997-98 and 1998-99 at the farm of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. The greengram was sown either on flat beds or on broad beds 2 m in width, divided by furrows, with 0, 30 and 60 kg P2O5/ha. After the harvest of greengram pods, wheat was grown in the same plots, either with the greengram stover removed or with the stover incorporated along with 0, 40, 80 and 120 kg N/ha applied to wheat. The grain yield of greengram was higher when sown on broad beds with furrows compared to flat bed sowing, and the application of 30 or 60 kg P2O5/ha resulted in significantly higher grain yields compared to no phosphorus application. The combination of broad bed and furrows with phosphorus fertilization was found to be ideal for achieving higher productivity in greengram. The land configuration treatments had no impact on the productivity of wheat. The application of phosphorus to the preceding crop had a significant residual effect on the grain yield of wheat. The incorporation of greengram stover also significantly increased the grain yield of wheat. The increasing levels of N increased the grain yield of wheat significantly up to 80 kg/ha. The combination of greengram stover incorporation and 80 kg N/ha applied to wheat significantly increased the grain yield. Further, there was a significant interaction effect between the phosphorus applied to the preceding crop and N levels given to wheat on the grain yield of wheat.

Economics of Fertilizer Application to Wheat Crop: The Results of a Survey in Lyallpur District (Notes and Comments)

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Barkat Ali Quraishi ◽  
Muhammad Jameel Khan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Reliable Knowledge

Reliable knowledge about the contribution of various factors responsible for increasing agricultural production is indispensable for planning. This holds particularly for the fertilizer use, which has been recognized as one of the quickest and, perhaps, the cheapest means for increasing agricultural produc¬tion. In Pakistan the emphasis on planned development is gaining momentum and for this purpose more data and fuller information on fertilizer response are becoming increasingly essential. The Agricultural Research Stations in the country have been conducting experiments with a view to determining the extent to which the cropped yield may increase due to the application of fertilizer. But such experiments, because of their somewhat controlled nature in respect of certain factors, obviously can¬not tell us with a desired measure of accuracy as to what is actually happening at millions of private farms throughout the country. And, as such, the planning in this regard is apt to be wrong.

ROLE OF CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE IN IMPROVING PRODUCTION WATER AND NITROGEN EFFICIENCY OF WHEAT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1139-1148
Author(s):  
Othman & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

The research work was conducted in Izra’a Research station, which affiliated to the General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), during the growing seasons (2016 – 2017; 2017 – 2018), in order to evaluate the response of two durum wheat verities (Douma3 and Cham5) and two bread wheat varieties (Douma4 and Cham6) to Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a full package compared with Conventional Tillage system (CT) under rainfed condition using lentils (Variety Edleb3) in the applied crop rotation. The experiment was laid according to split-split RCBD with three replications. The average of biological yield, grain yield,  rainwater use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency was significantly higher during the first growing season, under conservation agriculture in the presence of crop rotation, in the variety Douma3 (7466 kg. ha-1, and 4162kg. ha-1, 19.006 kg ha-1 mm-1,  39.62 kg N m-2respectively). The two varieties Douma3 and Cham6 are considered more responsive to conservation agriculture system in the southern region of Syria, because they recorded the highest grain yields (2561, 2385 kg ha-1 respectively) compared with the other studied varieties (Cham5 and Douma4) (1951 and 1724 kg ha-1 respectively). They also exhibited the highest values of both rainwater and nitrogen use efficiency.

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