scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO COMPLEMENTAR VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO SUBMETIDO AO DESPENDOAMENTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
CRIZ RENÊ ZANOVELLO ◽  
FABIANO PACENTCHUK ◽  
JAQUELINE HUZAR-NOVAKOWISKI ◽  
GUILHERME ZAMBONIN ◽  
ANTHONY HASEGAWA SANDINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Negative Effect

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

scholarly journals Ammonium sulphate on maize crops under no tillage

Bragantia ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Anita Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Anny Rosi Mannigel ◽  
Antonio Saraiva Muniz ◽  
Simone Maria Altoé Porto ◽  
Marlene Estevão Marchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Sowing

The objectives of this work were to evaluate the management of N and S (as ammonium sulphate) fertilization under no-tillage system on the components of maize productivity and on N and S accumulation in the crop, as well as to evaluate the minimum value of the Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI 0.95) as an indicator for side dressing requirements. The experiment had a completely randomized block design with six treatments and four replications carried out in Red Latosol dystrophic soil (Hapludox), in Campo Mourão, Paraná State, where the following treatments in summer growth maize were applied: T1- 120 kg ha-1 N in seeding; T2- 120 kg ha-1 N in side dressing; T3- 40 kg ha-1 N in seeding and 80 kg ha-1 N in side dressing; T4- 30 kg ha-1 N in seeding and 90 kg ha-1 N in side dressing, monitored by a chlorophyll meter using the Nitrogen Sufficiency Index (NSI); T5- 120 kg ha-1 N anticipated in wheat seeding; T6- without nitrogen fertilization. NSI was determined by the relationship between the leaf chlorophyll index (ICF) average of T4 plants and that one in the plot fertilized with 120 kg ha-1 N at the maize seed sowing (T1). During two years, ammonium sulphate was applied to the maize crop after wheat under no tillage system. In the first year, with adequate rainfall, the maize yield was similar to the one in which the complete ammonium sulphate dose application was done in maize seeding and side dressing. The anticipated fertilization to wheat seed sowing resulted in maize yield without difference from the parceled form. In the second year, with irregular rainfall, all treatments with N were similar and they increased maize yield compared to that without N fertilization. NSI of 0.95 was not efficient to evaluate maize N requirements in side dressing, and resulted in lower maize yield. N was accumulated mainly in the grains unlike S that accumulated in the plant shoots; both were highly correlated to maize productivity.

scholarly journals Nitrogen as top-dressing and sowing densities on agronomic characteristics of maize crop

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoniele de F. Serpa ◽  
Marcelo C. Mendes ◽  
Marcos V. Faria ◽  
Fabricio W. de Ávila ◽  
Kathia Szeuczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Dose

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of commercial maize hybrids with modern and old architecture, under the influence of nitrogen (N) as top dressing with different plant populations. Two independent experiments were conducted, one in the municipality of Guarapuava (reduced spacing = 0.45 m) and the other in the municipality of Laranjeiras do Sul (conventional spacing = 0.90 m), in the Paraná state, Brazil, in the 2012/2013 growing seasons. The experiments were set in a randomized block design, with three replicates, in a factorial scheme (6 x 3 x 3), corresponding to six maize hybrids (with modern and old architecture), three plant populations (60000, 75000 and 90000 plants ha-1) and three N doses as top dressing (0, 90 and 180 kg ha-1 of N), both installed in October. N doses as top dressing and sowing density influenced the thousand-grain weight in maize hybrids with modern and old architecture. The increase in sowing density reduced stem diameter in the groups of modern and old architecture in Laranjeiras do Sul. Grain yield was positively influenced by N fertilization, being higher at the N dose of 180 kg ha-1 in Guarapuava and Laranjeiras do Sul.

Maize MAIZE YIELD AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF TILLAGE AND WEED MANAGEMEMNT

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-66
Author(s):  
Haseeb Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Maize Crop

An experiment entitled: Maize yield as affected by methods of tillage and weed control methods was conducted at Agronomy Research Farms, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage practices 1) Chisel plough + rotavator 2) Mouldboard plough + rotavator 3) Cultivator + rotavator and 4) Rotavator were assigned to main plots. Weed management practices included 1) Control, 2) Hoeing 15 days after sowing 3) Hoeing 15 and 30 days after sowing 4) Hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing, and 4) Herbicide (nicosulfuron) were kept into the subplots. The results revealed that chisel plough + rotavator has significantly reduced weeds m-2 (122, 101 and 125 weeds m-2), weeds fresh weight (19.73 g m-2, 116.35 g m-2 and 252.56 g m-2) and weeds dry weight (6.83 g m-2, 38.69 g m-2 and 80.61 g m-2) at 30, 45 and 60 days after sowing, respectively. The operation of chisel plough + rotavator has produced tallest plants (221.22 cm) with maximum grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3586 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (78.14%). Among weed control methods, hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing revealed maximum plant height (226.41 cm), grain rows ear-1 (16), grain yield (3604 kg ha-1) and shelling percentage (79.11%). All weed control methods have showed significant reduction in weeds m-2, weeds fresh weight and weeds dry weight. Interaction was also found significant for weeds m-2 at 60 DAS and grain yield of maize. Lowest weeds (56 weeds m-2) at 60 DAS and highest grain yield (4569 kg ha-1) was recorded when seedbed was prepared with chisel plough + rotavator with 3 hoeings (hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing). It is concluded that treatment of chisel plough + rotavator and hoeing 15, 30 and 45 days after sowing has significantly produced maximum grain yield of maize crop.

scholarly journals Effect of Early Foliar Disease Control on Wheat Scab Severity (Fusarium graminearum) in Argentina

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge David Mantecón
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Scab ◽  
Foliar Disease ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Boot Stage ◽  
Scab Control ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
Set Up

Wheat scab is common in Argentina mainly durum wheat and some bread varieties. The epidemics occur every 5 to 7 years. During the 2007, 2008, and 2009 growing seasons, three trials were conducted at the INTA Balcarce Experimental Station. Each plot had six rows of 5 m long, spaced 0.15 m apart and was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Trifloxystrobin plus cyproconazole was sprayed at Z3.1 stage. Treatments were sprayed at Z6.1 stage with tebuconazole, prochloraz, and metconazole to improve scab control. Artificial inoculations were made in Z6.1. Severity ofSeptorialeaf bloth and leaf rust was assessed in boot stage (Z3.9). Scab severity was rated at early dough stage (Z8.3). Yields were recorded each year. Fungicide only applied at Z3.1 stage did not reduce field scab severity but reduced the seeds infection and increased the yields. Early fungicide spray produced yield increase at about 22% and a decrease in seed infection of up to 40%. Yields increased in a 55.3% and in a 19.6% when compared with the inoculated and not inoculated check, respectively. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of foliar disease control on scab, crop yield, and seed health.

scholarly journals The effect of and interaction between the biological bases and the agrotechnical factors on maize yield

2018 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Péter Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of and interaction between the biological bases and the agrotechnical factors on maize yield In our research, we examined the effect of the hybrid, the nutrient supply, the number of plants and the abiotic factors (temperature, amount of precipitation) on the yield, crop quality and yield stability of maize. We devoted special attention to the natural nutrient utilization ability and fertilizer reaction of maize. The experiment took place in Hajdúszoboszló on chernozem soil, on a nearly 8 ha field. The size of one plot was 206 m2; therefore, this experiment was half-industrial. We tested six hybrids with different genetic characteristics and growing seasons. We analysed the correlation between the nutrient supply and the yield of maize hybrids with a control treatment (treatment without fertilization) and with N 80, P2O5 60, K2O 70 kg ha-1 and N 160, P2O5 120, K2O 140 kg ha-1 fertilizer treatments. The yield increasing effect of the fertilizer also depended on the number of plants per hectare to a great extent. The number of plants of the six tested hybrids was 60, 70, and 80 thousand plants ha-1. In 2015, the highest yield was produced by hybrid P9241 with N80+PK and 70 thousand plants per hectare. With the N160+PK fertilizer dosage, the same hybrid responded the best, followed by hybrids P9486 and DKC4717. Using the same fertilizer treatment, the 80 thousand plants per hectare population density resulted in decrease in the yield with most of the examined hybrids. In 2016, with the increase in the number of plants per hectare, even with non-fertilised treatment (control treatment), the yield could be increased in the case of each hybrid. Averaged over the different hybrids and fertilizer treatments, applying 80 thousand plants ha-1 instead of 60 thousand resulted in 1.0 ha-1 yield increase. In 2017, the number of plants had a slighter effect. With N160+PK treatment, in most cases no significant difference can be observed. The value of LSD5%: plant number: 0.20 t ha-1, hybrid: 0.28 t ha-1, interaction: 0.48 t ha-1. With N160+PK treatment, the hybrids produced yields between 10.07 and 12.45 t ha-1. When examining the three years in the average of the number of plants, with treatment without fertilisation, the average yield of hybrids reached 7.53 t ha-1. With N80+PK treatment, this value was 9.71 t ha-1 and with doubling the fertilizer dosage, this value increased to 10.42 t ha-1. No economic profit was gained as a result of applying double dosage of fertilizer; therefore, the N80+PK dosage can be considered ideal.

Preliminary trials on the intercropping of maize with different tropical legumes in Western Nigeria

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akinola A. Agboola ◽  
Adeboyejo A. Fayemi
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
High Yields

SummaryA preliminary investigation on interplanting of maize with nine different tropical legumes in the rain-forest zone of the Western State of Nigeria at Ibadan indicated that Popondo (Phaseolus lunatus) and Mucuna (Mucuna utilis) lowered maize yield, while calopo (Calopogonium tnucunoides) Cowpea (Vigna sinensis) and greengram (Phaseolus aureus) had much less effect on maize and were themselves tolerant to maize shade. These three legumes were interplanted with maize continuously for four growing seasons, during which there was a significant response of maize to fertilizer treatment only in the control (no legume) treatment. Maize interplanted with the legumes gave no response to applications of 50 lb N per acre.High yields of maize were maintained during the four growing seasons in both the fertilized control plots and those interplanted with different legumes without fertilizer, whereas the yield of maize in plots with neither legume nor fertilizer was reduced to half of the yield of the first maize crop.Starting from the third cropping season, there was a significant interaction between the presence or absence of legume and fertilizer.The planting pattern of the maize and legumes (intercropping or growing maize after the legume harvest) did not affect the yield of maize.Legumes tended to compete with maize during the late cropping season. This did not affect the maize yield seriously during the investigation, but legume yield was significantly suppressed by maize shade.

scholarly journals Effects of Leaf Loss by Artificial Defoliation on the Growth of Different Poplar and Willow Varieties

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1224
Author(s):  
Christiane E. Helbig ◽  
Michael G. Müller ◽  
Dirk Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The cultivation of fast-growing tree species in short rotation coppices has gained popularity in Germany in recent years. The resilience of these coppices to phyllophagous pest organisms is crucial for their profitable management, since the loss of a single annual increment can lead to uncompensable economic losses. To study the effects of leaf loss on the growth of poplar and willow varieties that are frequently cultivated under local conditions, three sample short rotation coppices including five poplar (Populus spp.) and three willow (Salix spp.) varieties were established in a randomized block design with four artificial defoliation variants and, on one site, with three different variants regarding the number of defoliation treatments. After up to three defoliation treatments within two growing seasons, the results show negative effects of leaf loss on the height growth and the fresh weight of the aboveground biomass of plants. Our data also suggests a lasting effect of defoliation on plant growth and re-growth after the end of the treatment. In general, defoliation had a greater impact on the growth of poplars than on willows. We conclude that even minor leaf loss can have an impact on plant growth but that the actual effects of defoliation clearly depend on the site, tree species, and variety as well as the extent and number of defoliations, which determine the ability of plants for compensatory growth.

scholarly journals Efficiency in nitrogen management using conventional and transgenic technology in the cultivation of maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ivan Ricardo Carvalho ◽  
Márcio Peter ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Demari ◽  
Francine Lautenchleger ◽  
Filipe Selau Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Partitioning ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Set Up

The objective to evaluate the maize yield components as a function of the top-dressing nitrogen partitioning in maize plants with conventional and transgenic technology. The experiment was carried out in the agricultural crops of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014, in the municipality of Tenente Portela-RS, Brazil. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with two genetic technologies x 11 nitrogen fertilization treatments, arranged in three replications. The treatments were composed of top-dressing applications in the phenological stages V2 - two fully expanded leaves, (V2), V4 - four fully expanded leaves, (V4), V6 - six fully expanded leaves (V6) and V8 - with eight fully expanded leaves (V8) and split applications in V2+V4; V2+V6; V2+V8; V4+V6; V4+V8; V6+V8; and V2+V4+V6+V8. There was interaction between genetic technologies and levels of nitrogen fertilization in the maize crop. The highest grain yield was obtained with conventional technology because it presented plants with greater prolificacy, ear diameter and number of grains per row. Grain yield was superior with nitrogen fertilization in V4 and in nitrogen splitting in the V4 + V6, V4 + V8 and V2 + V4 + V6 + V8 stages.

scholarly journals Impacts of irrigation and genotype on yield, protein, starch and oil contents in grain of maize inbred lines

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Josipovic ◽  
Hrvoje Plavsic ◽  
Vlado Kovacevic ◽  
Monika Markovic ◽  
Dario Iljkic
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Genotype Effects

Four inbred lines of maize (Os 438-95 = C1, Os 30-8 = C2, Os 6 = C3 and Os 1-44 =C4) were grown for 4-year period (2006-2009) in the stationary field experiment on Osijek eutric cambisol. Impact of irrigation, nitrogen fertilization and genotype were tested. Soil moisture was maintained by two irrigation rates from 60-100% and 80-100% of the field water capacity). Two steps of N (0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1) were applied, while P and K fertilization was equal (500 kg/ha NPK 0:30:20). Eight maize genotypes (four inbred lines and four hybrids) were grown on each basic plot of fertilization. The experiment was duplicated for maize - soybean rotation. The experiment was set by split-split plot method according to randomized block design in three replicates. The basic plot areas were 617.2 m2 (irrigation), 313.6 m2 (fertilization) and 39.2 m2 (genotype). Selection of N non-fertilized treatment and four inbred lines were made for this study with aim of testing year (A) irrigation (B) and genotype (C) effects under natural N-soil conditions. Average grain yield in level 1809 kg ha-1without N fertilization is indication of very high fertility of the soil. Differences of yield among the years were from 823 (2007) to 2450 (2006) kg ha-1. Excessive drought and high air-temperature stress is responsible for the low maize yield in 2007. Irrigation considerable affected on maize yields (4-year averages: 1500, 1809 and 2118 kg ha-1, for B1, B2 and B3, respectively). Differences of the 4-year average yields among the genotypes were from 1259 (C3) to 2765 (C1) kg ha-1. Differences of yield among the genotypes in the different years were also considerable because the lowest yield was for 71% (A1), 23% (A2), 63% (A3) and 40% (A4) lower in comparison to the highest yield. The genotype effects under different water supplies were less influencing factor because the high-yielding C1 had for 128%, 129% and 106% the higher yield compared to the low-yielding C3, for B1, B2 and B3, respectively. Differences of grain -protein, -starch and -oil among the years was from 9.61 to 11.84%, from 68.51% to 70.93% and from 3.50% to 4.17%, respectively. The C2 separated by the higher grain protein contents (10.93%) from the remaining three genotypes (average 9.96%). The genotype effects on starch and oil contents were from 69.83% (C4) to 70.58% (C1) and from 3.56% (C3) to 4.09% (C1), respectively.

scholarly journals Effects of Elevated Air Temperature and CO2 on Maize Production and Water Use Efficiency under Future Climate Change Scenarios in Shaanxi Province, China

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 843
Author(s):  
Qaisar Saddique ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad Habib ur Rahman ◽  
Xu Jiatun ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Climate Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Use Efficiency

The ongoing global warming and changing patterns of precipitation have significant implications for crop yields. Process-based models are the most commonly used method to assess the impacts of projected climate changes on crop yields. In this study, the crop-environment resource synthesis (CERES)-Maize 4.6.7 model was used to project the maize crop yield in the Shaanxi Province of China over future periods. In this context, the downscaled ensemble projections of 17 general circulation models (GCMs) under four representative concentration pathways (RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, and RCP 8.5) were used as input for the calibrated CERES-Maize model. Results showed a negative correlation between temperature and maize yield in the study area. It is expected that each 1.0 °C rise in seasonal temperature will cause up to a 9% decrease in the yield. However, the influence of CO2 fertilization showed a positive response, as witnessed by the increase in the crop yield. With CO2 fertilization, the average increase in the maize crop yield compared to without CO2 fertilization per three decades was 10.5%, 11.6%, TA7.8%, and 6.5% under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0, and RCP8.5 scenarios, respectively. An elevated CO2 concentration showed a pronounced positive impact on the rain-fed maize yield compared to the irrigated maize yield. The average water use efficiency (WUE) was better at elevated CO2 concentrations and improved by 7–21% relative to the without CO2 fertilization of the WUE. Therefore, future climate changes with elevated CO2 are expected to be favorable for maize yields in the Shaanxi Province of China, and farmers can expect further benefits in the future from growing maize.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document