Two Psychosocial Interventions for Complicated Grief: Review of Principles and Evidence Base

2017 ◽  
pp. 259-277
Author(s):  
Emily B. O’Day ◽  
Elizabeth M. Goetter
Keyword(s):  
Complicated Grief ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base

Which psychosocial interventions improve sex worker well-being? A systematic review of evidence from resource-rich countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2021-201028
Author(s):  
Kevin Turner ◽  
Jane Meyrick ◽  
Danny Miller ◽  
Laura Stopgate
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo establish the state of the evidence base around psychosocial interventions that support well-being in sex workers in order to inform policy and practice within a resource-rich geographical context.MethodsPublished and unpublished studies were identified through electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Open Grey), hand searching and contacting relevant organisations and experts in the field. Studies were included if they were conducted in high-income settings with sex workers or people engaging in exchange or transactional sex, and evaluated the effect of a psychosocial intervention with validated psychological or well-being measures or through qualitative evaluation.ResultsA total of 19 202 studies were identified of which 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneity found dictated a narrative synthesis across studies. Overall, there was very little evidence of good quality to make clear evidence-based recommendations. Despite methodological limitations, the evidence as it stands suggests that peer health initiatives improve well-being in female street-based sex workers. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a diary-based method of collecting real-life behavioural data through the use of twice-daily questionnaires via a smartphone, increased self-esteem and behaviour change intentions.ConclusionsWork with sex workers should be based on an evidence-based approach. Limitations to the existing evidence and the constraints of this work with vulnerable groups are recognised and discussed.

scholarly journals Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the management of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Banaschewski ◽  
Brendan Belsham ◽  
Michael H Bloch ◽  
Maite Ferrin ◽  
Mats Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Pufa Supplementation ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

While pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions are recommended as the primary frontline treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), alternative approaches to managing ADHD are becoming increasingly popular among patients and their families. Supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is an example of this. PUFA supplementation is not recommended by guidelines for managing ADHD; however, patients may still decide to use it. To provide direction to healthcare professionals (HCPs) managing ADHD, eight international experts in the field of adult and child ADHD came together for the Continuum Education Board: Omega Supplements in ADHD meeting. This commentary summarises the panel's consensus that current evidence suggests PUFA supplementation has a small beneficial effect on behaviour in children with ADHD, and that further high-quality research is needed to clearly evaluate and define its role in the management of ADHD of children, adolescents and adults. The panel concluded that in cases where patients use PUFA supplementation, HCPs should be comfortable explaining the potential gains that they may have and their possible side effects. The panel also concluded HCPs should not reinforce the idea that PUFA supplementation should replace treatment approaches with a more robust evidence base for managing ADHD.

Psychosocial interventions with families, carers, and patients

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mike Firn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Community Outreach ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Family Management ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Barriers And Enablers ◽  
Outreach Service ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

The three broad areas of activity usually implied by psychosocial interventions in psychosis—psycho-education, behavioural family management, and cognitive behaviour therapy—are presented with their relative evidence base and strategies for delivering them through community outreach. Psychosocial interventions require a well-trained and resourced workforce, and the gap between best practice and routine delivery is manifest. Barriers and enablers are presented to show how this gap can be closed in a well-organized community outreach service.

Treatments for Pediatric Depression

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Biernacki ◽  
Prerna Martin ◽  
Pablo H. Goldberg ◽  
Moira A. Rynn
Keyword(s):  
Positive Response ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Treatment Resistant Depression ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Medication Treatment ◽  
Pediatric Depression ◽  
Resistant Depression

Practice guidelines recommend psychosocial interventions for mild or brief cases of pediatric depression. In moderate to severe cases, medication treatment is recommended, with or without cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). Fluoxetine and escitalopram are the only antidepressants approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for acute pediatric depression. Among psychosocial interventions, CBT and interpersonal psychotherapy for adolescents (IPT-A) have the largest evidence base for treatment of depressed youth. Combination treatment with CBT and antidepressant medication is superior to treatment with either modality alone. In treatment-resistant depression, a switch in antidepressant is more likely to yield a positive response when medication is used with CBT. Antidepressants should be used judiciously in youths as higher rates of adverse events have been demonstrated, and data from adult trials cannot be systematically extrapolated to youths. Further studies are needed to assess alternative medication and psychosocial treatments as well as factors predictive of treatment response.

scholarly journals The role of implementation science in improving distress assessment and management in oncology: a commentary on “Screening for psychosocial distress among patients with cancer: implications for clinical practice, healthcare policy, and dissemination to enhance cancer survivorship”

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 292-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B Jacobsen ◽  
Wynne E Norton
Keyword(s):  
Implementation Science ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distress Screening ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Pragmatic Clinical Trials

Abstract Despite considerable evidence that psychosocial interventions can effectively relieve distress in patients with cancer, many individuals who could benefit from these interventions do not receive them. A proposed solution to this problem is the establishment of programs in oncology settings that routinely screen for distress and refer patients for appropriate psychosocial care. This commentary addresses a review by Ehlers et al. that describes policies and procedures related to distress screening, summarizes prior research on this topic, and identifies key areas for future research. Among their major conclusions is the need for research to fill the gap in knowledge about how best to implement new distress screening programs as well as optimize the use and efficiency of existing programs. This commentary focuses on how the types of study methods, designs, and outcomes that are commonplace in implementation science to facilitate the integration of research into practice can be applied to distress screening programs. Priorities identified include designing and conducting pragmatic clinical trials, evaluating multilevel interventions, and using hybrid designs to simultaneously evaluate clinical effectiveness and barriers and facilitators of implementation. Use of these approaches holds considerable potential for developing an evidence base that can promote more widespread adoption of effective distress screening programs and inform further development of standards and policies related to the psychosocial care of patients with cancer.

scholarly journals Perspectives on Modifying Attentional Biases Amongst Individuals with Tobacco Use Disorder Using Technology: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tan ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Choo
Keyword(s):  
Attentional Bias ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Recent Decade ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Attentional Biases ◽  
Attention Bias Modification ◽  
Attentional Bias Modification ◽  
Bias Modification

Smoking remains a significant health problem. Attentional biases influence smoking behaviours, but have not been the target of psychosocial interventions. The first part of this perspective article will provide an overview of the theoretical constructs underlying attentional biases, methods of measuring attentional biases, and evidence for attentional bias modification amongst individuals with tobacco use disorders. The second part of this article will outline how the advent of technological advances could be harnessed in attentional bias modification for smokers. As there is potential for attentional bias training to be delivered via mobile app, literature was reviewed over the recent decade, 2009 to 2019, to examine available research evidence. The search terms were “web-based” or “mobile based”, and “attention bias modification” or “attentional bias” and “smoking” or “tobacco use”. The PsycINFO, Scopus, and PubMed databases were initially used to identify papers with the above-mentioned inclusion criteria. Five papers were included in the review. Lastly, an integrated perspective will be provided, from both clinical and research standpoints. In conclusion, more research is needed to address the gaps in knowledge and to provide an evidence base for the implementation of mobile phone technologies for attention retraining in smokers.

scholarly journals Treatments for people who use anabolic androgenic steroids: a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bates ◽  
Marie-Claire Van Hout ◽  
Joseph Tay Wee Teck ◽  
Jim McVeigh
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
Anabolic Androgenic Steroids ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Androgenic Steroids

Abstract Background A growing body of evidence suggests that anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) are used globally by a diverse population with varying motivations. Evidence has increased greatly in recent years to support understanding of this form of substance use and the associated health harms, but there remains little evidence regarding interventions to support cessation and treat the consequences of use. In this scoping review, we identify and describe what is known about interventions that aim to support and achieve cessation of AAS, and treat and prevent associated health problems. Methods A comprehensive search strategy was developed in four bibliographic databases, supported by an iterative citation searching process to identify eligible studies. Studies of any psychological or medical treatment interventions delivered in response to non-prescribed use of AAS or an associated harm in any setting were eligible. Results In total, 109 eligible studies were identified, which included case reports representing a diverse range of disciplines and sources. Studies predominantly focussed on treatments for harms associated with AAS use, with scant evidence on interventions to support cessation of AAS use or responding to dependence. The types of conditions requiring treatment included psychiatric, neuroendocrine, hepatic, kidney, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal and infectious. There was limited evidence of engagement with users or delivery of psychosocial interventions as part of treatment for any condition, and of harm reduction interventions initiated alongside, or following, treatment. Findings were limited throughout by the case report study designs and limited information was provided. Conclusion This scoping review indicates that while a range of case reports describe treatments provided to AAS users, there is scarce evidence on treating dependence, managing withdrawal, or initiating behaviour change in users in any settings. Evidence is urgently required to support the development of effective services for users and of evidence-based guidance and interventions to respond to users in a range of healthcare settings. More consistent reporting in articles of whether engagement or assessment relating to AAS was initiated, and publication within broader health- or drug-related journals, will support development of the evidence base.

Autism, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Cognitive Enhancement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Dud ◽  
Louise Brennan ◽  
Dene Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence Base

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are common neurodevelopmental disorders. Impairments in attention and executive functions are core characteristics of ADHD. ASD is primarily characterized by severe deficits in social communication, but cognitive impairments are common, including in attention and executive functions. Currently, there is only limited evidence for efficacy of either pharmacological or behavioral interventions for the treatment of the cognitive deficits associated with the disorders. This chapter presents the current evidence base for cognitive enhancements for ADHD and ASD. It summarizes evidence from available and experimental pharmacological interventions, as well as behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial interventions. The chapter also discusses the limitations of current tools and future directions.

scholarly journals Systematic Review: Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on wellbeing outcomes for adolescent or adult victim/survivors of recent rape or sexual assault

2020 ◽  
pp. 135910532095079
Author(s):  
Jane Lomax ◽  
Jane Meyrick
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
First Response ◽  
Weak Evidence ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Trauma Processing ◽  
The Impact

Sexual assault and rape are common forms of sexual violence/abuse. The psychological/health consequences represent significant and ongoing harm. It seems imperative that victim/survivors receive evidence-based support within first response settings. To assess what psychosocial interventions work for victim/survivors of a recent sexual assault. Twenty-seven electronic databases were systematically searched. Narrative data synthesis was used to read across studies. Reporting format follows PRISMA checklist. Ten studies were identifed including range of interventions. The evidence is sparse and scientifically weak, common flaws are reviewed. There is some weak evidence for the impact of video and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) based interventions, especially trauma processing. There is a gap in the evidence base on psychosocial interventions for victim/survivors of sexual assault and higher quality research is required.

scholarly journals Evidence-Based Pharmacotherapy for Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Chronic Tic Disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. JCNSD.S6616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro S. De Nadai ◽  
Eric A. Storch ◽  
Joseph F. Mcguire ◽  
Adam B. Lewin ◽  
Tanya K. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Tic Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Healthcare ◽  
Pediatric Ocd ◽  
Chronic Tic Disorders

In recent years, much progress has been made in pharmacotherapy for pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and chronic tic disorders (CTDs). What were previously considered relatively intractable conditions now have an array of efficacious medicinal (and psychosocial) interventions available at clinicians' disposal, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antipsychotics, and alpha-2 agonists. The purpose of this review is to discuss the evidence base for pharmacotherapy with pediatric OCD and CTDs with regard to efficacy, tolerability, and safety, and to put this evidence in the context of clinical management in integrated behavioral healthcare. While there is no single panacea for these disorders, there are a variety of medications that provide considerable relief for children with these disabling conditions.

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