Which psychosocial interventions improve sex worker well-being? A systematic review of evidence from resource-rich countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjsrh-2021-201028
Author(s):  
Kevin Turner ◽  
Jane Meyrick ◽  
Danny Miller ◽  
Laura Stopgate
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo establish the state of the evidence base around psychosocial interventions that support well-being in sex workers in order to inform policy and practice within a resource-rich geographical context.MethodsPublished and unpublished studies were identified through electronic databases (PsychINFO, CINHAL Plus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and Open Grey), hand searching and contacting relevant organisations and experts in the field. Studies were included if they were conducted in high-income settings with sex workers or people engaging in exchange or transactional sex, and evaluated the effect of a psychosocial intervention with validated psychological or well-being measures or through qualitative evaluation.ResultsA total of 19 202 studies were identified of which 10 studies met the eligibility criteria. The heterogeneity found dictated a narrative synthesis across studies. Overall, there was very little evidence of good quality to make clear evidence-based recommendations. Despite methodological limitations, the evidence as it stands suggests that peer health initiatives improve well-being in female street-based sex workers. Use of ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a diary-based method of collecting real-life behavioural data through the use of twice-daily questionnaires via a smartphone, increased self-esteem and behaviour change intentions.ConclusionsWork with sex workers should be based on an evidence-based approach. Limitations to the existing evidence and the constraints of this work with vulnerable groups are recognised and discussed.

Evidence-Based Podiatric Medicine

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Hawke ◽  
Joshua Burns ◽  
Karl B. Landorf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
The United States ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
User Friendliness ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Due to the exponential increase in the quantity and quality of podiatric medicine–related research during the past decade, podiatric physicians are inundated with an insurmountable volume of research relevant to clinical practice. Systematic reviews can refine this literature by using explicit, rigorous, and reproducible methods to identify, critically appraise, and synthesize the best evidence from all clinical trials to answer clearly defined clinical questions. The Cochrane Collaboration is an international not-for-profit organization created to improve the user-friendliness and accessibility of medical literature mainly through preparing and maintaining systematic reviews of health-care interventions. The Cochrane Library currently contains more than 50 podiatric medicine–relevant systematic reviews summarizing and synthesizing evidence from many hundreds of randomized controlled trials evaluating interventions for foot problems. Although more than 60 countries worldwide have open online access to The Cochrane Library, in the United States, only the state of Wyoming has free access to full-text reviews. In an era demanding an evidence-based approach for every clinical intervention, high-quality systematic reviews streamline podiatric medical literature by reducing the time, cost, and training necessary to establish a solid evidence base for practice. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 99(3): 260–266, 2009)

scholarly journals Implementation—The Missing Link in the Research Translation Pipeline: Is It Any Wonder No One Ever Implements Evidence-Based Practice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Lynch ◽  
Brigit M. Chesworth ◽  
Louise A. Connell
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Stroke Rehabilitation ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Professional Associations ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Research Translation ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Rehabilitation Research

Despite the exponential growth in the evidence base for stroke rehabilitation, there is still a paucity of knowledge about how to consistently and sustainably deliver evidence-based stroke rehabilitation therapies in clinical practice. This means that people with stroke will not consistently benefit from research breakthroughs, simply because clinicians do not always have the skills, authority, knowledge or resources to be able to translate the findings from a research trial and apply these in clinical practice. This “point of view” article by an interdisciplinary, international team illustrates the lack of available evidence to guide the translation of evidence to practice in rehabilitation, by presenting a comprehensive and systematic content analysis of articles that were published in 2016 in leading clinical stroke rehabilitation journals commonly read by clinicians. Our review confirms that only a small fraction (2.5%) of published stroke rehabilitation research in these journals evaluate the implementation of evidence-based interventions into health care practice. We argue that in order for stroke rehabilitation research to contribute to enhanced health and well-being of people with stroke, journals, funders, policy makers, researchers, clinicians, and professional associations alike need to actively support and promote (through funding, conducting, or disseminating) implementation and evaluation research.

scholarly journals How to Teach Evidence-Based Practice in Social Work: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Spensberger ◽  
Ingo Kollar ◽  
Eileen Gambrill ◽  
Christian Ghanem ◽  
Sabine Pankofer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Procedural Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Social Work Students ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Empirically Supported

Purpose: This article presents a systematic review of research regarding how best to educate social work students and practitioners concerning of the process of evidence-based practice and/or the application of empirically supported treatments (ESTs). Method: We conducted a systematic review with a narrative synthesis, largely following the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews for Interventions and PRISMA reporting guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Results: Twenty-seven studies met our eligibility criteria. These consisted mostly of uncontrolled designs and their measures relied mainly on learners’ self-perception regarding acquisition of declarative and procedural knowledge, motivation, and satisfaction. Reports were mostly positive (88.7%). Conclusions: Research regarding the education of social work students and practitioners about the process of evidence-based practice as well as ESTs is limited. Further investigation is needed concerning the effectiveness of specific teaching methods using controlled designs and more rigorous outcome measures including observation of practice in real-life situations and/or in role-plays.

scholarly journals Psychological and psychosocial interventions offered to forensic mental health inpatients: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. e024351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas MacInnes ◽  
Serena Masino
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Feasibility Studies ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Forensic Mental Health ◽  
Eligibility Criteria

ObjectiveTo examine the evidence for the use of psychological and psychosocial interventions offered to forensic mental health inpatients.DesignCINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases were searched for research published in English between 1 January 1990 and 31 May 2018.Outcome measuresDisturbance, mental well-being, quality of life, recovery, violence/risk, satisfaction, seclusion, symptoms, therapeutic relationship and ward environment. There were no limits on the length of follow-up.Eligibility criteriaWe included randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies of any psychological or psychosocial intervention in an inpatient forensic setting. Pilot or feasibility studies were included if an RCT design was used.We restricted our search criteria to inpatients in low, medium and high secure units aged over 18. We focused on interventions considered applicable to most patients residing in forensic mental health settings.Data extraction and synthesisTwo independent reviewers extracted data and assessed risk of bias.Results17 232 citations were identified with 195 full manuscripts examined in detail. Nine papers were included in the review. The heterogeneity of the identified studies meant that meta-analysis was inappropriate. The results were presented in table form together with a narrative synthesis. Only 7 out of 91 comparisons revealed statistically significant results with no consistent significant findings. The most frequently reported outcomes were violence/risk and symptoms. 61% of the violence/risk comparisons and 79% of the symptom comparisons reported improvements in the intervention groups compared with the control groups.ConclusionsCurrent practice is based on limited evidence with no consistent significant findings. This review suggests psychoeducational and psychosocial interventions did not reduce violence/risk, but there is tentative support they may improve symptoms. More RCTs are required with: larger sample sizes, representative populations, standardised outcomes and control group interventions similar in treatment intensity to the intervention.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017067099.

scholarly journals The COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia – a qualitative study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Marie Mork Rokstad ◽  
Janne Røsvik ◽  
Marit Fossberg ◽  
Siren Eriksen
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Health And Well Being

Abstract Background Worldwide, restrictive measures have been taken to manage the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing and self-isolation have considerably affected the lives of people with dementia and their informal caregivers. The purpose of the study was to explore the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic as experienced by the spouses of home-dwelling people with dementia in Norway. Methods The study had a qualitative descriptive design using individual telephone interviews for data collection. A total sample of 17 spouses of people with dementia were included, 14 women and three men ages 52 to 82 years. A qualitative content analysis following six steps inspired by Graneheim and Lundman was used to identify the categories presented. Results The participants emphasized four main perspectives: 1) Radical changes in available services, 2) Restrictions changed everyday life, 3) Impacts on health and well-being, and 4) Actions that made life easier. The participants also described how positive activities and easily accessible services helped them in this situation. Conclusions The governmental restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in radical changes in available services with severe consequences for the lives and well-being of home-dwelling people with dementia and their spouses. Examples of coping strategies and possible psychosocial interventions compatible with virus precautions were identified. The potential of such interventions should be further explored to meet the needs of vulnerable groups in situations like a pandemic.

scholarly journals Social network interventions in mental healthcare: a protocol for an umbrella review

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e052831
Author(s):  
Marta Chmielowska ◽  
Yaara Zisman-Ilani ◽  
Rob Saunders ◽  
Stephen Pilling
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionSocial networks (SNs) can play a crucial role in the process of recovery from mental illness. Yet there is no standard best practice for involving SNs to optimise patient recovery. It is therefore critical to explore the diversity of SN approaches in mental health, highlight gaps in the evidence and suggest future directions for research and practice. This protocol describes the methods for an umbrella review of SN interventions for the care and/or treatment of mental illness.Methods and analysisNine electronic databases will be searched for the relevant journal articles: CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, Ovid Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus and Ovid PsycINFO. We will include reviews which extracted information about the quantity, structure and quality of patient’s SNs as well as frequency of contact. The range of publication dates of the included articles will be from 2010 and 2021, as recommended by Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 tool and ratings of the quality of evidence will be used to assess the quality of the included reviews. The results will be presented in accordance with guidelines in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Findings will inform the development of an SN framework to guide the design and evaluation of psychosocial interventions.Ethics and disseminationThis umbrella review will involve secondary data analysis and ethical approval is not required. The target audience includes clinicians, researchers and service users, who will be reached with tailored materials through journal publications, conference presentations and social media. The presentation of the results will provide a more complete picture of relevant evidence and explicit basis from which to improve psychosocial well-being for people diagnosed with a mental illness.PROSPERO registration numberThis protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (http:/ /www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO), registration number CRD42020192873.

Cognitive and other therapies for suicidal individuals

2021 ◽  
pp. 489-496
Author(s):  
Megan Chesin ◽  
Barbara Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Interpersonal Psychotherapy ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Safety Planning ◽  
Collaborative Assessment ◽  
Planning Intervention

In this chapter, brief and longer-term cognitive therapy (CT) approaches to intervening with suicidal individuals are reviewed. Particular focus is placed on detailing conceptualization and intervention using CT, the safety planning intervention (SPI), and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for preventing suicidal behaviour (MBCT-S). Brief summaries of a number of other evidence-based psychosocial interventions for suicidal individuals, including the collaborative assessment and management of suicidality (CAMS), psychodynamic approaches, interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), family-focused and multisystemic treatments (FFTs), are also provided. A summary of the evidence base supporting the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of each psychosocial intervention targeting suicidal behaviour prevention is also given.

scholarly journals Is Structured Exercise Performed with Supplemental Oxygen a Promising Method of Personalized Medicine in the Therapy of Chronic Diseases?

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Freitag ◽  
Kenji Doma ◽  
Daniel Neunhaeuserer ◽  
Sulin Cheng ◽  
Wilhelm Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Supplemental Oxygen ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Supervised Exercise ◽  
Patient Reported

Aim: This systematic review aimed to explore the literature to identify in which types of chronic diseases exercise with supplemental oxygen has previously been utilized and whether this type of personalized therapy leads to superior effects in physical fitness and well-being. Methods: Databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, CINHAL, EMBASE, Web of knowledge and Cochrane Library) were searched in accordance with PRISMA. Eligibility criteria included adult patients diagnosed with any type of chronic diseases engaging in supervised exercise training with supplemental oxygen compared to normoxia. A random-effects model was used to pool effect sizes by standardized mean differences (SMD). Results: Out of the identified 4038 studies, 12 articles were eligible. Eleven studies were conducted in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), while one study included coronary artery disease (CAD) patients. No statistical differences were observed for markers of physical fitness and patient-reported outcomes on well-being between the two training conditions (SMD −0.10; 95% CI −0.27, 0.08; p = 0.26). Conclusions: We found that chronic exercise with supplemental oxygen has mainly been utilized for COPD patients. Moreover, no superior long-term adaptations on physical fitness, functional capacity or patient-reported well-being were found, questioning the role of this method as a personalized medicine approach. Prospero registration: CRD42018104649.

scholarly journals Healthcare experiences of perpetrators of domestic violence and abuse: a systematic review and meta-synthesis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e043183
Author(s):  
Marilia A Calcia ◽  
Simran Bedi ◽  
Louise M Howard ◽  
Heidi Lempp ◽  
Sian Oram
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Domestic Violence And Abuse

ObjectivesDomestic violence and abuse (DVA) is highly prevalent, with severe adverse consequences to the health and well-being of survivors. There is a smaller evidence base on the health of DVA perpetrators and their engagement with healthcare services. This review examines the experiences of perpetrators of DVA of accessing healthcare services and the barriers and facilitators to their disclosure of abusive behaviours in these settings.DesignA systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies.Data sourcesA systematic search was conducted in Cochrane, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, HMIC, BNID, CINAHL, ASSIA, IBSS, SSCI (peer-reviewed literature) and NDLTD, OpenGrey and SCIE Online (grey literature). Each database was searched from its start date to 15 March 2020. Eligibility criteria required that studies used qualitative or mixed methods to report on the experiences of healthcare use by perpetrators of DVA. A meta-ethnographic method was used to analyse the extracted data.ResultsOf 30,663 papers identified, six studies (n=125 participants; 124 men, 1 woman) met the inclusion criteria. Barriers to disclosure of DVA to healthcare staff included perpetrators’ negative emotions and attitudes towards their abusive behaviours; fear of consequences of disclosure; and lack of trust in healthcare services’ ability to address DVA. Facilitators of disclosure of DVA and engagement with healthcare services were experiencing social consequences of abusive behaviours; feeling listened to by healthcare professionals; and offers of emotional and practical support for relationship problems by healthcare staff.ConclusionsDVA perpetration is a complex issue with multiple barriers to healthcare engagement and disclosure. However, healthcare services can create positive conditions for the engagement of individuals who perpetrate abuse.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017073818.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Physiological Monitoring for Physical Exertion and Fatigue Assessment in Military Personnel: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8815
Author(s):  
Denisse Bustos ◽  
Joana C. Guedes ◽  
Mário P. Vaz ◽  
Eduardo Pombo ◽  
Ricardo J. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Assessment System ◽  
Physiological Monitoring ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Physiological Variables ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Operational Activities

During operational activities, military personnel face extremely demanding circumstances, which when combined lead to severe fatigue, influencing both their well-being and performance. Physical exertion is the main condition leading to fatigue, and its continuous tracking would help prevent its effects. This review aimed to investigate the up-to-date progress on non-invasive physiological monitoring to evaluate situations of physical exertion as a pre-condition to fatigue in military populations, and determine the potential associations between physiological responses and fatigue, which can later result in decision-making indicators to prevent health-related consequences. Adhering to the PRISMA Statement, four databases (Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and PubMed) were used for a literature search based on combinations of keywords. The eligibility criteria focused on studies monitoring physiological variables through non-invasive objective measurements, with these measurements being developed in military field, combat, or training conditions. The review process led to the inclusion of 20 studies. The findings established the importance of multivariable assessments in a real-life context to accurately characterise the effects of military practices. A tendency for examining heart rate variables, thermal responses, and actigraphy measurements was also identified. The objectives and experimental protocols were diverse, but the effectiveness of non-invasive measurements in identifying the most fatigue-inducing periods was demonstrated. Nevertheless, no assessment system for standardised application was presented. Future work may include the development of assessment methods to translate physiological recordings into actionable information in real-time and mitigate the effects of fatigue on soldiers’ performance accurately.

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