Energy Recovery, Raw Material Conservation and Pollutant Emission Reductions Through the Coprocessing of Wastes in Cement Rotary Kilns

2018 ◽  
pp. 413-430
Author(s):  
Ilyes Ghedjatti ◽  
Mohamed Tebbal ◽  
Khadidja Safer ◽  
Philippe Martin ◽  
Boudjelal Kadi Hanifi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Material Conservation

scholarly journals Energy optimisation of vertical shaft kiln operation in the process of dolomite calcination

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2123-2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risto Filkoski ◽  
Ilija Petrovski ◽  
Zlatko Gjurchinovski
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
High Temperature Heat Treatment ◽  
Shaft Kiln ◽  
Technology Process ◽  
Rotary Kilns ◽  
Energy Optimisation

The essential part of the refractory materials production on a basis of sintered dolomite as raw material is the process of dolomite calcination. The technology process usually takes place in shaft or rotary kilns, where the dolomite stone, CaMg(CO3)2, is subjected to a high temperature heat treatment. The calcination of the dolomite is highly endothermic reaction, requiring significant amount of thermal energy to produce sintered dolomite (CaO, MgO), generating a large flow of hot gases at the furnace outlet. The objective of this work was to assess the possibilities of utilization of waste heat of exhaust gases from a shaft kiln in order to improve the overall energy efficiency of the technology process. Several different options were analyzed: (a) preheating of a raw material, (b) preheating of heavy fuel oil, (c) preheating of combustion air, (d) preheating of combustion air and raw material with flue gas, and (e) preheating of air for combustion and for drying of a raw material. Option (e) was selected as the most attractive and therefore it was analyzed in more details, showing significant annual energy savings and relatively short simple payback period on the investment.

scholarly journals An ecological settlement design for refugees in Kocaeli

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-88
Author(s):  
Merve Küçük ◽  
Tulay Tikansak Karadayi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Syrian Refugees ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Ecological Criteria ◽  
Low Income Groups ◽  
Material Conservation ◽  
Resource Shortage

After the civil war in Syria, many refugees sought refuge to Turkey. It brought along many environmental problems such as sudden population growth and resource shortage. It is thought to design an ecological settlement that can produce its own energy and be self-sufficient as a solution due to the limited natural resources, in order to meet the need for shelter quickly in emergency situations. With this in mind, in order to create an ecological settlement, a sample and literature search was conducted and sustainable ecological settlement criteria were determined. As a place operation, the position is preferred in Turkey and that provides employment and by day increasing the number of refugees residing Kocaeli been selected. In line with the ecological settlement criteria, a survey was conducted to understand the accommodation problems and environmental awareness of Syrian refugees living in Kocaeli. Ecological living units are designed in line with the environmental, climatic and sociological data obtained. The units are placed in accordance with the physical environmental conditions of the plot chosen for ecological settlement. In the conclusion part, the applicability of the designed project has been evaluated in line with economic, sociological and ecological criteria and its positive and negative aspects have been discussed. In the sample area selected in this study, it is aimed to create an ecological residential area that provides energy, water and raw material conservation in accordance with environmental data, protects the ecosystem, and provides adequate comfort conditions for the users indoors. This study is intended to be a source for ecological settlement projects in order to create livelihoods for low-income groups and to stimulate agriculture, except in emergencies.

scholarly journals Reduction in black carbon light absorption due to multi-pollutant emission control during APEC China 2014

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxuan Zhang ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Yixuan Zheng ◽  
Guannan Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Light Absorption ◽  
Mass Concentration ◽  
Emission Control ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. Reducing black carbon (BC) emissions has been recognized as an efficient way to simultaneously improve air quality and mitigate climate change. However, the benefits of BC emission controls are not well quantified partly due to a lack of understanding of the changes in BC light absorption as a result of emission reductions. In this work, we discussed the effects of multi-pollutant emission reductions on the BC light absorption based on a field campaign study conducted before, during and after the 2014 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) meeting in Beijing, China. When emission restrictions were in place during APEC, we found that the reduction in the light absorption of BC-containing particles was driven by both the decrease in BC mass concentration and the weakened light-absorption capability of BC. Compared with that before and after APEC, the daytime light absorption of BC-containing particles during APEC reduced by ~ 56 %, of which ~ 48 % was contributed by the decrease in BC mass concentration and the remain ~ 8 % was contributed by a weakening of light-absorption capability for BC. Based on single particle soot photometer (SP2) measurement and Mie calculation, we estimated that the light-absorption capability of BC-containing particles with ~ 80–200 nm refractory BC (rBC) cores at daytime during APEC was reduced by ~ 6–15 % and ~ 10–20 % compared with that before and after APEC, respectively. The decrease in BC light-absorption capability could be attributed to less coating materials on BC surfaces as a result of a decreased chemical production of secondary aerosols. Compared with that before and after APEC, the mass ratio between the coating materials and rBC core (~ 80–200 nm) during APEC decreased by ~ 10–30 % and ~ 31–53 %, respectively, due to reductions in coating precursor emissions, e.g., SO2 and NO2. The results revealed the benefits of emission control on BC light absorption by simultaneously reducing the mass concentration and light-absorption capability of BC, implying that synergetic reduction in multiple-pollutant emission could benefit both air quality and climate.

Energy recovery and secondary pollutant emission from the combustion of co-pelletized fuel from municipal sewage sludge and wood sawdust

Energy ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 91 ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihua Xiao ◽  
Xingzhong Yuan ◽  
Longbo Jiang ◽  
Xiaohong Chen ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Municipal Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wood Sawdust

scholarly journals Granulated Expanded Glass Manufacturing Method Using Electromagnetic Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-52
Author(s):  
Lucian Paunescu ◽  
Sorin Mircea Axinte ◽  
Felicia Cosmulescu ◽  
Marius Florin Dragoescu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Sodium Silicate Solution ◽  
Silicate Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Water Addition ◽  
Glass Waste ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Rotary Kilns

The paper presents experimental results obtained in the process of experimental manufacture in a microwave oven of lightweight granulated glass aggregates. The process was conducted to obtain the highest dimensional class (between 18-23 mm), the almost spherical shape of the aggregates being facilitated by cold processing of raw spherical pellets (between 11-15 mm) containing the powder mixture formed by glass waste, borax. calcium carbonate, aqueous sodium silicate solution and water addition and then rotation of the high electromagnetic wave susceptible ceramic crucible containing raw pellets during the heat treatment at temperatures between 822-835 ºC. In terms of quality, the expanded glass aggregate granules are almost similar to those manufactured in conventional rotary kilns heated by burning fuel, having the following characteristics: bulk density of 0.17 g/cm3, compressive strength of 2.2 MPa, thermal conductivity of 0.047 W/m·K, water absorption of 1 vol. % and pore size between 0.3-0.6 mm. The experimental product has not yet been tested as a raw material in the manufacture of some light weight concretes, but the use of similar granulated glass aggregates manufactured in the world confirms the ability of this aggregate type to produce light weight and energy efficient concretes for building construction.

scholarly journals Emission Inventory and Control Policy for Non-road Construction Machinery in Tianjin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
qijun zhang ◽  
ning wei ◽  
Lei Yang ◽  
Xi Feng ◽  
yanjie zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Construction Machinery

Abstract The establishment of a non-road construction machinery emission inventory forms the basis for the analysis of pollutant emission characteristics and for the formulation of control policy. We analysed and investigated data on populations, emission factors and activity levels for the construction machinery in Tianjin to estimate an emission inventory. Finally, a variety of emission reduction scenarios were used to simulate emission reductions and propose the most effective control policy. The results show that total emissions of CO, HC, NOx, PM10 and PM2.5 from non-road construction machinery in Tianjin of 2018 reached 4180.78, 951.44, 5833.85, 383.92 and 365.70 t, respectively. Forklifts, excavators and loaders were the three most important emission sources in Tianjin. There are clear differences in the emissions of different districts. Large machinery emissions were mainly distributed across the Binhai New Area, which includes high volumes of port machinery and tractors in Tianjin Port. Based on various emission reduction scenarios, the effect of emission reductions is estimated. The IAD affected the reduction of CO and HC emissions with RR values of 17.6% and 17.3%, respectively, while EMO affected the mitigation of PM10 and PM2.5 emissions and RR values by 18.0% and 18.4%, respectively. The emission reduction control policy for non-road construction machinery is proposed, including the accelerated updating of non-road machinery emission standards; integrating diesel engine research and development institutions to accelerate the development of vehicle after-treatment technology; and establishing a cooperation mechanism for scientific research institutes, government departments and enterprises in the control of non-road mobile machinery emissions.

scholarly journals ROTARY FURNACE LINING TO REDUCE THERMAL STRESS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Service Life ◽  
Thermal Stresses ◽  
Rotary Furnace ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cement Clinker ◽  
Furnace Lining ◽  
Fuel Savings ◽  
Magnesite Refractory ◽  
Rotary Kilns

The aim of the study is to reduce the thermal stresses of the lining in the areas adjacent to the flare sintering zone of rotary kilns intended for the production of cement clinker. It is proposed to use a lining made of parallel rows of alternating chamotte and chromium-magnesite refractory products to reduce thermal stresses in the areas adjacent to the flare sintering zone by up to 20%, increase the service life of the lining by 1.1-1.2 times as a result of equalizing thermal stresses in the areas of the sintering zone. Optimization of the initial raw material mixture, in turn, made it possible to reduce the temperature of clinker formation and led to fuel savings.

scholarly journals Alternative Fuel from Agricultural Waste

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Dilute Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Total Sugar Concentration ◽  
Bakery Yeast

Waste can be minimized by reuse or recover by the process due disposal of the waste is big issue for environment. So many organization are working for to utilized the waste  for energy recovery. Field crops offer potential source of fuel, offering promise as large-scale energy and based on its genetic diversity, climatic adaptation, and biomass and sugar production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of ethanol from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 accumulation. Presently this work was to evaluate the feasibility of ethanol production and optimization from Rice husk by using commercial bakery yeast, i.e., S. cereviciae. The experiment was conducted, at fermentation temperature 30 °C and pH 5, and treated using different acid concentrations and residence times. Rice husk was hydrolyzed by refluxing, a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, using dilute sulfuric acid (1 to 5 %) and distilled water at hydrolysis time of 1 to 11 hours keeping boiling temperature. 90 % maximum total sugar concentration was obtained at 5 h acid free hydrolysis. Based on these hydrolysis results, fermentation process was performed. 

Response of six european forest sites to decided and proposed air pollutant emission reductions

1997 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotta Walse ◽  
W Schöpp ◽  
Per Warfvinge
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
European Forest

scholarly journals Transient Simulation of the Six-Inlet, Two-Stage Radial Turbine under Pulse-Flow Conditions

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2043
Author(s):  
Dariusz Kozak ◽  
Paweł Mazuro
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Pulse Flow ◽  
Emission Reductions ◽  
Exhaust Gases ◽  
Turbocharging System

In recent years, the automotive sector has been focused on emission reductions using hybrid and electric vehicles. This was mainly caused by political trends promoting “green energy”. However, that does not mean that internal combustion engines (ICEs) should be forgotten. The ICE has still the potential of recovering energy from exhaust gases. One of the promising ways to recover energy is turbocharging. Over the years engine manufacturers have designed very efficient turbocharger systems which have greatly increased the overall engine efficiency. This led to pollutant emission reductions. This paper presents the results of the three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations of the two-stage, six-inlet turbocharging system under the influence of unsteady, pulsed-flow conditions. The calculations were carried out for three turbine speeds. The most interesting results of this study were the separation of exhaust gases coming from the six-exhaust pipes and the performance of both stages under pulse-flow conditions. The two-stage turbocharging system was compared against the single-stage turbocharging system and the results showed that the newly designed two-stage turbine system properly separated the exhaust gases of the adjacent exhaust pipes.

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