Going Global? The EU Common Commercial Policy After Lisbon

2009 ◽  
pp. 123-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bungenberg
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Policy ◽  
The Eu

The "Deeper" and the "Wider" EU Strategies of Trade Integration: An Empirical Evaluation of EU Common Commercial Policy Effects

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1850119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta De Santis ◽  
Claudio Vicarelli
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Custom Union ◽  
Trade Diversion ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Trade Integration ◽  
Integration Process ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Eu

Since the post war period, the EU Common Commercial Policy (CCP) has moved in two directions mainly through Preferential Trade agreements (PTAs): a "deeper" (internal) trade integration process intended to reinforce trade relations among European countries (i.e. Custom Union, Single Market, European Monetary Union, Enlargement Process), and a "wider" (external) integration process intended to reinforce trade relations with third countries. Surprisingly, there are very few empirical studies in the literature which specifically quantify the effects of the overall EU PTAs on the European countries’ trade flows. This paper seeks to fill this gap by conducting an empirical investigation on whether and how the CCP had a significant impact on European countries' imports. It adopts an extended version of the gravity model. In line with recent studies, it uses a Hausman Taylor estimator, controls for heterogeneity and includes a set of variables to proxy for the "multilateral trade resistance index" According to our results, the EU "free trade area" has been a successful experiment in trade liberalisation. However, the positive and significant coefficient of PTAs signed by the EU with third countries may somehow have limited the occurrence of trade diversion effects. Indeed, the coefficient of the trade diversion dummy is significant but relatively small.

scholarly journals The Common Agricultural Policy and the Increased Competitiveness of Spanish Regional Agriculture

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Andrés González-Moralejo ◽  
Francisco Estruch Sanchís
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Competitive Environment ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu ◽  
European Agriculture

The cycle of the Common Agricultural Policy reforms begun in 1992 and that finished, for the time being, in 2013, profoundly transformed the agricultural framework of the EU. Taken as a whole, the process consisted of the progressive, partial and asymmetric liberalization of European agriculture, since much more emphasis was placed on dismantling intervention mechanisms than on aiding the restructuring, modernization and adaptation to a more competitive environment. In this context, and with an increasingly more open commercial policy, the States and the regions are obliged to design strategies to increase their competitiveness and innovation within the framework of the current Common Agricultural Policy (2014-2020). This is even more important for the regions most affected by the reforms. Under this argument, this paper reveals the principal qualitative and quantitative unknowns of the regional agricultural policy in Spain after the application of the Health Check in 2008, with special emphasis on the evolution of the Axis 1 of Rural Development.

17. Trade and Development Policies

2019 ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Michael Smith
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Common ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

This chapter focuses on the external economic relations of the European Union—the longest-established area of collective European international policy-making and action—and specifically on trade and development policy. The chapter begins by examining institutions and policy-making for trade, in which the Commission plays a central role in initiating and conducting policy and looks especially at the Common Commercial Policy (CCP). It goes on to examine development policy—an area of mixed competence, in which policy responsibility is shared between the EU institutions and national governments. The chapter then proceeds to explore the substance and impact of EU trade and development policies, and to assess the linkages between the two areas. The conclusions draw attention to a number of tensions and contradictions in EU trade and development policy.

The Common Commercial Policy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Adriaensen
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
International Political Economy ◽  
External Action ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Common External Tariff ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

In 1958, the European Economic Community was formed as a customs union with a common external tariff. From then on, the Common Commercial Policy—also known as the European Union’s (EU) trade policy—served as the interface between the increasingly integrated common market and its external trade partners. Like the creation of the single market, contemporary trade policy has long transcended discussions about tariffs and quotas at the border and has focused increasingly on the impediments to trade caused by regulatory divergences. Whether they concern agricultural subsidies or cultural protections, rules on public procurement or food standards, insofar as a regulation discriminates against exporters, it can potentially be part of a trade negotiation. The evolving nature of trade policy has triggered a redefinition of both the scope of the EU’s exclusive competencies as well as the procedures to govern this policy domain. The central actor in EU trade policy is the European Commission, which is the designated negotiator for external trade agreements. Whereas member states always played a crucial role in overseeing such negotiations in the Council, the European Parliament has only taken up a position of power since 2009. Beyond securing market access abroad and protecting domestic sectors at home, post-material values have come to feature more prominently in the balancing act of contemporary trade discussions. This has galvanized a far wider range of societal actors to lobby the EU institutions in order to tilt the balance in their favor. Complicating matters even further, the EU conducts a large part of its foreign policy through the Common Commercial Policy. Contrary to most other instruments of the EU’s external action, trade policy is an exclusive competency of the EU. Fostering development, promoting stability, providing humanitarian aid, and the promotion and enforcement of human rights and sustainable development commitments are but a few of the many objectives pursued via trade policy. However, there are clear limitations to the fungibility of the EU’s large market power for foreign policy objectives. It should therefore be clear that the literature on the Common Commercial Policy is extremely diverse. Situated at the nexus of international political economy, regulatory governance, and foreign policy, it has become a well-studied policy domain through a great variety of theoretical and disciplinary lenses. The prominence of trade scholarship in EU studies is unlikely to change soon as developments at the international level, where the Western liberal order is under increasing pressure, but also domestically, where the contestation of several trade negotiations and the position of trade policy within the EU’s broader external action, are set to animate future debates.

scholarly journals Practical Problems of Legal Regulation of Customs Duties Developing an International Trade Between the Republic of Lithuania And East Asian Countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-127
Author(s):  
Gediminas Valantiejus
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Foreign Trade ◽  
East Asian ◽  
National Level ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Trade Relations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The Eu

Abstract For more than ten years (since 2004) the Republic of Lithuania is a member of the EU and is realizing its economic and trade relations with other foreign countries, and regulating customs duties according to the requirements of the EU Common Commercial Policy. However, in the recent years foreign trade (in particular - exports of goods) remained one of the main factors which increased an economic growth (recovery) in the Republic of Lithuania after the global economic crisis of the world, which began in 2008. In this context, the search for new markets and expansion of trade relations with new trade partners in Asia became essential in order to diversify the structure of the national economy and avoid dependence on traditional trade partners, such as Russia. Taking into account this strategic goal, the article seeks to answer a question whether an existing foreign trade regulation system ensures the status of Lithuania as an attractive partner of foreign trade with East Asian countries (Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Singapore) and what regulatory instruments (customs duty rules and procedures) should be used on the national level to ensure cooperation with these countries. In order to answer this problematic question, the first chapter of the article overviews general tendencies in Lithuanian foreign trade with the countries of East Asia, while the second chapter is dedicated to describe regulatory regime for import customs duties on the national level (in line with the major provisions of the EU Common Commercial Policy). The practical problems and obstacles to international trade are presented in the third chapter and are illustrated by the examples of case law, which was formed in disputes relating to the decisions and actions of Lithuanian national customs authorities for the period from 1 May, 2004 (since entry to the EU)).

scholarly journals The Lisbon Treaty and Changes in the Legal Rules on the Common Commercial Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Martin Janků
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
European Parliament ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Lisbon Treaty ◽  
Commercial Policy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

Abstract The EU Lisbon Treaty 2007 (LT) brings some changes for the common commercial policy (CCP) and the decision-making processes related to it. CCP is newly included in the one area with all the external activities of the EU, with foreign and security policy, international environmental policy, development aid and economic, financial and technical cooperation with third countries. The fundamental areas of the CCP have been expanded to include foreign direct investment, services and trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights. The EU’s exclusive competence for external negotiation of agreements in areas of exclusive competence and internal CCP regarding their implementation were confirmed. The changes affect the role of the European Parliament and also the functioning of the European Council, the Council, and competences of the High Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and the European External Action Service. Together with these changes, there will be also changes in procedures within the European Union. A number of aspects of the decision-making process are not yet entirely clarified, and only the practice of the participation of the EU Member States and the European Parliament in the formation of the common commercial policy will bring more meaningful conclusions. The changes brought by the LT will affect not only the extent of the influence of EU Member States on the common commercial policy, but they can also affect the position of the EU in the context of international trade, particularly in the area of negotiating commitments and rules of multilateral and bilateral trade and investment agreements.

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