The Liver as an Immune Organ

The intestinal mucosal barrier plays an important role in systemic immune functions. This study aimed to find the mechanism of peptide from Alaska Pollock (APP) on intestinal mucosal immunity in mice induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Cy-induced decreases of body weight and index of immune organ were significantly improved by APP as compared with Cy group (p < 0.05). APP could promote the secretion of SIgA and IgA on intestinal mucosa (p < 0.05) and mainly had an impact on the final differentiation of IgA+ B cell, thereby promoting the secretion of plasma cells, which can be corroborated by the increases of IL-6 and IL-10 (p < 0.05). APP with high immune activity was separated and two peptides were purified and identified as Gly–Val–Ile–Lys and Ala–Cys–Asn–Gly–Arg. Therefore, APP can be considered as beneficial ingredients to protect the intestinal barrier disruption induced by Cy.

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Effects of dietary fumaric acid on the growth performance, immune response, relative weight and antioxidant status of immune organs in broilers exposed to chronic heat stress

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/13/2020-cjas ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 65 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 104-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaojun He ◽

Qirun Yin ◽

Yongjie Xiong ◽

Deyi Liu ◽

Hong Hu

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Fumaric Acid ◽

Antioxidant Status ◽

Immune Organ ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Immune Organs ◽

Organ Index ◽

Antibody Titres

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fumaric acid (FA) on growth performance, immune responses, immune organ index and antioxidant status in broilers under chronic heat stress (HS). A total of 200 21-day-old Ross 308 chicks were randomly assigned in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two diets (basal diet or 10 g/kg FA diet) and two temperatures (thermoneutral or HS) for 21 days. On day 42, growth performance, immune organ index, immune function and antioxidative ability were determined. HS resulted in a significant reduction in final body weight (FBW), average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), antibody titres against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and Newcastle disease virus, IgM, IgG, relative weights of spleen, thymus and bursa of Fabricius, but a significant increase in the feed conversion ratio (FCR), activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the bursa, contents of malondialdehyde and total carbonyl (TC) in thymus and bursa (P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of FA increased FBW, ADFI, ADG, antibody titres against SRBC, IgG, relative weights of spleen and bursa, activity of GPx in thymus and bursa, whereas it decreased the FCR and TC of thymus and bursa. These results suggest that dietary 10 g/kg FA had positive effects on growth performance and immune function through improving the antioxidative capacity of immune organs.

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Effects of eggshell temperature pattern during incubation on primary immune organ development and broiler immune response in later life

Poultry Science ◽

10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.088 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (12) ◽

pp. 6619-6629

Author(s):

H.J. Wijnen ◽

H. van den Brand ◽

A. Lammers ◽

I.A.M. van Roovert-Reijrink ◽

C.W. van der Pol ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Later Life ◽

Temperature Pattern ◽

Organ Development ◽

Immune Organ

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Effect of oxygen free radicals and nitric oxide on apoptosis of immune organ induced by selenium deficiency in chickens

BioMetals ◽

10.1007/s10534-013-9612-8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 355-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Zi-wei Zhang ◽

Jiu-li Zhang ◽

Yu-hong Zhang ◽

Qiao-hong Wang ◽

Shu Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Oxygen Free Radicals ◽

Selenium Deficiency ◽

Immune Organ ◽

Effect Of Oxygen

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Immunotoxicological Effects of Jp-8 Jet Fuel Exposure

Toxicology and Industrial Health ◽

10.1177/074823379701300104 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 43-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

David T. Harris ◽

Debbie Sakiestewa ◽

Raymond F. Robledo ◽

Mark Witten

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Immune Function ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Occupational Exposures ◽

The United States ◽

Jet Fuel ◽

Environmental Toxicants ◽

Immune Organ ◽

Toxicological Effects ◽

Exposed Individual

Chronic exposure to jet fuel has been shown to have adverse effects on human liver function, to cause emotional dysfunction, to cause abnormal electroencephalograms, to cause shortened attention spans, and to decrease sensorimotor speed (3–5). Due to the decision by the United States Air Force to implement the widespread use of JP-8 jet fuel in its operations, a thorough understanding of its potential effects upon exposed personnel is both critical and necessary. Exposure to potential environmental toxicants such as JP-8 may have significant effects on host systems beyond those readily visible (e.g., physiology, cardiology, respiratory, etc.); e.g., the immune system. Significant changes in immune consequences, even if short-lived, may have serious consequences for the exposed host that may impinge affect susceptibility to infectious agents. Major alterations in immune function that are long-lasting may result in an increased likelihood of development and/or progression of cancer, as well as autoimmune diseases. In the current study mice were exposed for 1h/day for 7 days to varying concentrations of aerosolized JP-8 jet fuel to simulate occupational exposures. Twenty-four hours after the last exposure the mice were analyzed for effects on their immune systems. It was observed that even at exposure concentrations as low as 100 mg/m3 detrimental effects on the immune system occurred. Decreases in viable immune cell numbers and immune organ weights were found. Jet fuel exposure resulted in losses of different immune cell subpopulations depending upon the immune organ being examined. Further, JP-8 exposure resulted in significantly decreased immune function, as analyzed by mitogenesis assays. Suppressed immune function could not be overcome by the addition of exogenous growth factors known to stimulate immune function. Thus, short-term, low concentration exposure of mice to JP-8 jet fuel caused significant toxicological effects on the immune system. It appears that the immune system may be the most sensitive indicator of toxicological damage due to JP-8 exposure, as effects were seen at concentrations of jet fuel that did not evidence change in other biological systems. Such changes may have significant effects on the health of the exposed individual.

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