scholarly journals Bounds on the Size of Small Depth Circuits for Approximating Majority

2009 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Amano
Keyword(s):  
Small Depth

On Number of Planes of Rearrangeably Nonblocking Optical Banyan Networks with Link Failures

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
Basra Sultana ◽  
Mamun-ur-Rashid Khandker
Keyword(s):  
Optical Switching ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Link Failure ◽  
Link Failures ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Internal Link ◽  
Banyan Network ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Switch Design ◽  
Banyan Networks

Vertically stacked optical banyan (VSOB) networks are attractive for serving as optical switching systems due to the desirable properties (such as the small depth and self-routing capability) of banyan network structures. Although banyan-type networks result in severe blocking and crosstalk, both these problems can be minimized by using sufficient number of banyan planes in the VSOB network structure. The number of banyan planes is minimum for rearrangeably nonblocking and maximum for strictly nonblocking structure. Both results are available for VSOB networks when there exist no internal link-failures. Since the issue of link-failure is unavoidable, we intend to find the minimum number of planes required to make a VSOB network nonblocking when some links are broken or failed in the structure. This paper presents the approximate number of planes required to make a VSOB networks rearrangeably nonblocking allowing link-failures. We also show an interesting behavior of the  blocking  probability of a faulty VSOB networks that the blocking probability may not  always  increase monotonously with  the  increase  of  link-failures; blocking probability  decreases  for  certain range of  link-failures, and then increases again. We believe that such fluctuating behavior of blocking probability with the increase of link failure probability deserves special attention in switch design.  Keywords: Banyan networks; Blocking probability; Switching networks; Vertical stacking; Link-failures. © 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved. DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1070

SOLOS FRÁGEIS DO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA CAPIVARA, PIAUÍ

GEOgraphia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (41) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Cláudia Maria Sabóia de Aquino ◽  
Renê Pedro de Aquino ◽  
Raphael Moreira Beirigo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Chemical Attributes ◽  
Pelitic Rocks

Resumo: O Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC) tem alguns dos sítios arqueológicos mais importantes das Américas. A área onde os solos foram amostrados corresponde ao Parque Nacional da Serra da Capivara (PNSC) e uma área tampão de 10km no entorno de seus limites oficiais, no sudeste do Piauí. Para a elaboração do presente trabalho foram selecionados solos considerados frágeis, devido ao alto risco de degradação por erosão, formados de diferentes materiais geológicos representativos do PNSC. Todos os solos estudados são pouco evoluídos, com desenvolvimento pedogenético ainda incipiente, e enquadram-se nas ordens dos Neossolos ou Cambissolos. O bioma representativo da área de estudo é a caatinga, que pela vegetação com pouca biomassa e características decíduas confere pouca cobertura aos solos, aumentando a susceptibilidade dos mesmos à erosão. Foram coletados sete perfis de solos, em diferentes posições na paisagem e formados de materiais de origem. As amostras foram secas ao ar e analisados atributos químicos e granulométricos. Os solos estudados apresentam grandes variações em seus atributos morfológicos, químicos e granulométricos, reflexo dos diferentes materiais de origem. A fragilidade em quase todos os perfis é reflexo da incipiência dos solos, representada pelo baixo grau de agregação e coesão entre as partículas, pequena profundidade e o fator de formação relevo induz na maior erosão de cinco dos sete perfis estudados. Os solos frágeis do PNSC necessitam de cuidados especiais quanto ao manejo, pois alguns deles, principalmente os originários de rochas pelíticas da Formação Pimenteiras, encontram-se em forte processo de degradação, em muitas áreas com as rochas expostas. Palavras-chave: Conservação do solo. Classificação de solos. Degradação ambiental. Semiárido tropical. FRAGILE SOILS OF SERRA DA CAPIVARA NATIONAL PARK, PIAUÍ Abstract: The Serra da Capivara National Park (PNSC) are some of the most important archaeological sites in the Americas. The area where the soils were sampled corresponds to the PNSC and a buffer area of 10km around of its official limits in southeastern of Piauí. For this work were considered fragile soils, due to the high risk of degradation by erosion, formed in different geological materials representative of PNSC. All soils are poorly evolved, with pedogenic development incipient fall in orders of Entisols or Inceptisols. The representative of the study area biome is the caatinga, which vegetation with little biomass and deciduous characteristics, gives little coverage to the soil, increasing susceptibility to erosion. Seven soil profiles were collected at different positions and mother rocks. The soils were classified according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification (SiBCS). The samples were air dried and analyzed the chemical attributes and texture. The soils vary widely in their morphological, chemical and grain size, reflecting the different source material attributes. The weakness in nearly all profiles reflects the incipient soil, represented by a low degree of aggregation and cohesion between the particles of soil and small depth of relief factor induces the formation of further erosion profiles 5 of the 7 studied. Fragile soils of PNSC require special care in the mangement, because some soils, especially those originating from pelitic rocks by Pimenteiras Formation, are in strong degradation process in many areas with exposed rocks. Keywords: Soil conservation. Soil classification. Environmental degradation. Tropical semiarid. SUELOS FRÁGILES DEL PARQUE NACIONAL DE LA SIERRA DE CAPYBARA, PIAUÍ Resumen: El Parque Nacional de la Sierra de Capybara (PNSC) tiene algunos de los sitios arqueológicos más importantes de las Américas. El área donde los suelos fueron muestreados corresponde al PNSC y un área tampón de 10km en el entorno de sus límites oficiales, en el sureste del Piauí. Para la elaboración del presente trabajo se seleccionaron suelos considerados frágiles, debido al alto riesgo de degradación por erosión, formados de diferentes materiales geológicos representativos del PNSC. Todos los suelos estudiados son poco evolucionados, con desarrollo pedogenético aún incipiente, y se encuadran en las órdenes de los Neossolos o Cambissolos (en portugués). El bioma representativo del área de estudio es la caatinga, que por la vegetación con poca biomasa y características deciduas, confiere poca cobertura a los suelos, aumentando la susceptibilidad de los mismos a la erosión. Se recogieron muestras de siete perfiles de suelos, en diferentes posiciones en el paisaje y formados de materiales geológicos distintos. Las muestras fueron secas al aire y analizados los atributos químicos y granulométricos. Los suelos estudiados presentan grandes variaciones en sus atributos morfológicos, químicos y granulométricos, reflejo de los diferentes materiales de origen. La fragilidad en casi todos los perfiles es reflejo de la incipiente de los suelos, representada por el bajo grado de agregación y cohesión entre las partículas, pequeña profundidad y el factor de formación relieve induce en la mayor erosión de cinco de los siete perfiles estudiados. Los suelos frágiles del PNSC necesitan cuidados especiales en cuanto al manejo, pues algunos de ellos, principalmente los originarios de rocas pelíticas de la Formación Pimenteiras, se encuentran en fuerte proceso de degradación, en muchas áreas con las rocas expuestas. Palabras clave: Conservación del suelo. Clasificación de suelos. Degradación ambiental. Semiárido tropical.

scholarly journals Research on Hydroelastic Response of an FMRC Hexagon Enclosed Platform

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Wei-Qin Liu ◽  
Luo-Nan Xiong ◽  
Guo-Wei Zhang ◽  
Meng Yang ◽  
Wei-Guo Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Floating Structure ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Response Amplitude Operators ◽  
Hydroelastic Response

The numerical hydroelastic method is used to study the structural response of a hexagon enclosed platform (HEP) of flexible module rigid connector (FMRC) structure that can provide life accommodation, ship berthing and marine supply for ships sailing in the deep ocean. Six trapezoidal floating structures constitute the HEP structure so that it is a symmetrical very large floating structure (VLFS). The HEP has the characteristics of large area and small depth, so its hydroelastic response is significant. Therefore, this paper studies the structural responses of a hexagon enclosed platform of FMRC structure in waves by means of a 3D potential-flow hydroelastic method based on modal superposition. Numerical models, including the hydrodynamic model, wet surface model and finite element method (FEM) model, are established, a rigid connection is simulated by many-point-contraction (MPC) and the number of wave cases is determined. The load and structural response of HEP are obtained and analyzed in all wave cases, and frequency-domain hydroelastic calculation and time-domain hydroelastic calculation are carried out. After obtaining a number of response amplitude operators (RAOs) for stress and time-domain stress histories, the mechanism of the HEP structure is compared and analyzed. This study is used to guide engineering design for enclosed-type ocean platforms.

Temporal Changes in Small Depth-Incremental Soil Bulk Density

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 710-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Logsdon ◽  
C. A. Cambardella
Keyword(s):  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Temporal Changes ◽  
Small Depth

On the Measurements of Rigidity Modulus of Soft Materials in Nanoindentation Experiments at Small Depth

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 4277-4288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim E. Dokukin ◽  
Igor Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Materials ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Rigidity Modulus

Effect of Cutter Performance on Finished Tooth Form in Gear Shaving

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Moriwaki ◽  
M. Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Simulation Program ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Computer Simulation Program ◽  
Tooth Form ◽  
Cutting Model

Abstract The authors have been developed a computer simulation program of gear shaving. In the present paper, a new cutting model of shaving process is proposed so as to incorporate an effect of a cutting performance of shaving cutter into the simulation program. In this cutting model, it is assumed that a tooth flank material of work gear can be removed only when a depth of cut of a cutting edge exceeds a certain criterion. It is also assumed that the criterion have no definite value but has the nominal distribution over the tooth surface. The mean value of the distribution can define a characteristic of cutting performance of shaving cutter. The small mean value means that even small depth of cut can cause a stock removal; i.e. a good cutter performance. The computer simulations on gear shaving are performed to reveal the effect of the cutter performance on shaved tooth form. Under the conditions used in these simulations, the pressure angle error on the shaved tooth profile becomes remarkable as the cutter performance becomes worse. Thus, the developed computer simulation program of gear shaving has a reliability on the prediction of shaved tooth form. It will be useful for design of shaving cutter, judgement of tool life, and so on.

Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams with Head Bar Reinforcements

2013 ◽  
Vol 831 ◽  
pp. 137-140
Author(s):  
Kang Min Lee ◽  
Liu Yi Chen ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Keun Yeong Oh ◽  
Young Soo Chun
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Coupling Beams ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Coupled Wall ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Coupled Wall Systems

Coupling beams resist lateral loads efficiently is well known in coupled wall systems. In many cases, geometric limits result in coupling beams that are deep in relation to their clear span. Coupling beams with small depth-to-span ratio shall be reinforced with two intersecting groups of diagonally placed bars symmetrical along the mid-span. It's always hard to optimize construction projects. This paper used the finite element software (Abaqus) to analysis and simulate the nonlinear behavior of a new reinforcement called head bar and compared the results to the current standards.

scholarly journals Aμo'pϕωτa No. 1. On a case of superficial colour presented by a homogeneous liquid internally colourless

1851 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 547-547 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Blue Colour ◽  
Homogeneous Liquid ◽  
Small Depth

The author observed that a solution of sulphate of quinine in tartaric acid, largely diluted, although perfectly transparent and colourless when held between the eye and the light, or a white object, yet exhibits in certain aspects, and under certain incidences of the light, an extremely vivid and beautiful celestial blue colour, apparently resulting from the action of the strata which the light first penetrates on entering the liquid ; and which, if not strictly superficial, at least exert their peculiar power of analysing the incident rays, and dispersing those producing the observed tint, only through a very small depth within the medium. The thinnest film of the liquid seems quite as effective in producing this superficial colour as a considerable thickness.

scholarly journals The cutting behavior of cortical bone in different bone osten cutting angles and depths of cut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanqiang Luo ◽  
Yinghui Ren ◽  
Yang Shu ◽  
Cong Mao ◽  
Zhixiong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Cutting Angle ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Cutting Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cutting Path

Abstract Cortical bones are semi-brittle and anisotropic, this brings the challenge to suppress vibration and avoid undesired fracture in precise cutting processes in surgeries. In this paper, we proposed a novel analytical model to represent cutting processes of cortical bones, and we used to evaluate cutting forces and fracture toughness, and investigate the formations of chips and cracks under varying bone osteon cutting angles and depths. To validate the proposed model, the experiments are conducted on orthogonal cuttings over cortical bones to investigate the impact of bone osteon cutting angle and depth on cutting force, crack initialization and growth, and fracture toughness of cortical bone microstructure. The experimental results highly agreed with the prediction by the proposed model in sense that (1) curly, serrated, grainy and powdery chips were formed when the cutting angle was set as 0°, 60°, 90°, and 120°, respectively. (2) Bone materials were removed dominantly by shearing at a small depth of cut from 10 to 50 µm, and by a mixture of pealing, shearing, and bending at a large depth of cut over 100 µm at different cutting orientations. Moreover, it was found that a cutting path along the direction of crack initialization and propagation benefited to suppress the fluctuation of cutting force thus reduce the vibration. The presented model has theoretical and practical significance in optimizing cutting tools and operational parameters in surgeries.

scholarly journals Maintenance Techniques for Cracks in Asphalt Layers

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
M. S. Eisa ◽  
F. S. Abdelhaleem ◽  
V. A. Khater
Keyword(s):  
Failure Load ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Water Intrusion ◽  
Small Depth ◽  
Major Stage ◽  
Maintenance Work ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Maintenance Techniques ◽  
Pavement Structure

Treating cracks in asphalt pavements is a major stage of each maintenance work for engineers. The goal of any crack cure is to limit the water intrusion into underlying pavement structure layers. Such water infiltrates in to base layers of the pavement and may cause damage to the pavement structure. The previous studies focused on crack repairing materials and methods but not the bonding at the interface joint. In this study, the influence of the repairing materials and depth on the bonding at the interface joint using two repairing materials. Slabs were cast to simulate surface of road. Unlikely, slabs contain cracks in the middle of slab with different depths (35 mm, 50 mm, 70 mm). Consequently, these cracks were repaired with two methods; firstly, repairing them with RC+Sand and secondly, with Sika flex®-1a. The slabs were tested after being repaired to know the best method and depth. It has been concluded that slabs having cracks that have been repaired with RC+Sand increase failure load compared with empty cracks and cracks that have been repaired with Sika flex®-1a. Also, cracks with small depth that have been repaired with Sika flex®-1a increase failure load compared with empty cracks.

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