3D Simulation in the lower troposphere: wind field adjustment to observational data and dispersion of air pollutants from combustion of sulfur-containing fuel

2004 ◽  
pp. 29-51
Author(s):  
G. Winter ◽  
J. Betancor ◽  
G. Montero
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
3D Simulation ◽  
Sulfur Containing

scholarly journals Analyzing the basic meteorological aspects of a particulate air pollution episode over the industrial area of Northwestern Greece during the November of 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Airborne Particulate Matter ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Horizontal Wind ◽  
Pollution Episode

The complex terrain basin of Amyntaio – Ptolemais – Kozani in Western Macedonia of Greece is an area characterized by increased industrial activity and therefore it demands continuous and assiduous environmental monitoring. A prolonged particulate matter air pollution episode was recorded in the area during November 2009. Basic meteorological aspects are analyzed, during the episode period. Daily and hourly PM10 and PM2.5 concentration measurements were used along with surface and lower atmosphere hourly meteorological parameters from 13 measuring stations. The observational data were supported by data produced by the meteorological component of an air pollution model. The overall analysis showed that the episode was primarily the result of the synoptic setting of the middle and lower troposphere. An Omega blocking pattern which gradually transformed to a high-over-low pattern prevailed over central and southern Europe during the episode’s period. The examination of the vertical wind field in the lower troposphere and appropriate stability indices, revealed a continuous absence of significant convection. The weak horizontal wind field near the surface and the reduced mixing height combined with the lack of synoptic forcing resulted in the trapping of the pollutants in the lower troposphere and the recording of increased airborne particulate matter concentrations. The radical change of the synoptic setting in the first days of December marked the end of the episode.

scholarly journals Sulfur-containing air pollutants as draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis desalination process for irrigation use

Desalination ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 424 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Van Huy Tran ◽  
Sherub Phuntsho ◽  
Hyunwoong Park ◽  
Dong Suk Han ◽  
Ho Kyong Shon
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Draw Solution ◽  
Sulfur Containing

scholarly journals Trends in emissions and concentrations of air pollutants in the lower troposphere in the Baltimore/Washington airshed from 1997 to 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 7859-7874 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. He ◽  
J. W. Stehr ◽  
J. C. Hains ◽  
D. J. Krask ◽  
B. G. Doddridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Ozone Precursors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Penalty Factor

Abstract. Trends in the composition of the lower atmosphere (0–1500 m altitude) and surface air quality over the Baltimore/Washington area and surrounding states were investigated for the period from 1997 to 2011. We examined emissions of ozone precursors from monitors and inventories as well as ambient ground-level and aircraft measurements to characterize trends in air pollution. The US EPA Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) program reported substantial decreases in emission of summertime nitrogen oxides (NOx) from power plants, up to ∼80% in the mid-Atlantic States. These large reductions in emission of NOx are reflected in a sharp decrease of ground-level concentrations of NOx starting around 2003. The decreasing trend of tropospheric column CO observed by aircraft is ∼0.8 Dobson unit (DU) per year, corresponding to ∼35 ppbv yr−1 in the lower troposphere (the surface to 1500 m above ground level). Satellite observations of long-term, near-surface CO show a ∼40% decrease over western Maryland between 2000 and 2011; the same magnitude is indicated by aircraft measurements above these regions upwind of the Baltimore/Washington airshed. With decreasing emissions of ozone precursors, the ground-level ozone in the Baltimore/Washington area shows a 0.6 ppbv yr−1 decrease in the past 15 yr. Since photochemical production of ozone is substantially influenced by ambient temperature, we introduce the climate penalty factor (CPF) into the trend analysis of long-term aircraft measurements. After compensating for inter-annual variations in temperature, historical aircraft measurements indicate that the daily net production of tropospheric ozone over the Baltimore/Washington area decreased from ∼20 ppbv day−1 in the late 1990s to ∼7 ppbv day−1 in the early 2010s during ozone season. A decrease in the long-term column ozone is observed as ∼0.2 DU yr−1 in the lowest 1500 m, corresponding to an improvement of ∼1.3 ppbv yr−1. Our aircraft measurements were conducted on days when severe ozone pollution was forecasted, and these results represent the decreasing trend in high ozone events over the past 15 yr. Back trajectory cluster analysis demonstrates that emissions of air pollutants from Ohio and Pennsylvania through Maryland influence the column abundances of downwind ozone in the lower atmosphere. The trends in air pollutants reveal the success of regulations implemented over the past decades and the importance of region-wide emission controls in the eastern United States.

Does the Rotating Convection Paradigm Describe Secondary Eyewall Formation in Idealized Three-dimensional Simulations?

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Wind Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Rotating Convection ◽  
Secondary Eyewall Formation ◽  
A Value ◽  
Tangential Wind ◽  
Rain Fall ◽  
Three Dimensional Simulations

Abstract The formation of a plausible secondary eyewall is examined with two principal simulation experiments that differ only in the fixed value of rain fall speed, one with a value of 70 m s−1 (approaching the pseudo-adiabatic limit) that simulates a secondary eyewall, and one with a value of 7 m s−1 that does not simulate a secondary eyewall. Key differences are sought between these idealized three-dimensional simulations. A notable expansion of the lower-tropospheric tangential wind field to approximately 400 km radius is found associated with the precursor period of the secondary eyewall. The wind field expansion is traced to an enhanced vertical mass flux across the 5.25-km height level, which leads, in turn, to enhanced radial inflow in the lower troposphere and above the boundary layer. The inflow spins up the tangential wind outside the primary eyewall via the conventional spin-up mechanism. This amplified tangential wind field is linked to a broad region of outwardly-directed agradient force in the upper boundary layer. Whereas scattered convection is found outside the primary eyewall in both simulations, the agradient force is shown to promote a ring-like organization of this convection when boundary layer convergence occurs in a persistent, localized region of super-gradient winds. The results support prior work highlighting a new model of secondary eyewall formation emphasizing a boundary layer control pathway for initiating the outer eyewall as part of the rotating convection paradigm of tropical cyclone evolution.

Sulfur Containing Air Pollutants and Their Effects on Plant Metabolism

1988 ◽  
pp. 620-625
Author(s):  
L. J. De Kok ◽  
F. M. Maas ◽  
I. Stulen ◽  
P. J. C. Kuiper
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Plant Metabolism ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Modeling of Southeast Asia biomass burning pollutants to Taiwan during EMeRGe campaigns in Asia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan-yao Lin ◽  
Wan-chin Chen ◽  
Yang-fan sheng ◽  
Win-Mei Chen ◽  
Yi-Yun Chien
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Transport And Transformation ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Vertical Profiling

<p>In springtime happens to be the biomass burning season in Indochina. Under favor weather conditions, the products of biomass burning pollutants could be transported easily to Taiwan and even East Asia. Actually, the complex interactions of these air pollutants and aerosols features in the boundary layer and aloft have resulted in complex characteristics of air pollutants and aerosols distributions in the lower troposphere. The project “Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional and Global scales (EMeRGe)” aims to improve our knowledge and prediction of the transport and transformation patterns of European and Asian megacities pollutant outflows. During the EMeRGe campaign in Asia, the composition of the plumes of pollution entering and leaving Asia measured by the new High Altitude and LOng Range (HALO) aircraft research platform. The HALO aircraft performing optimized transects and vertical profiling in Asia during 12 March and 7 April in 2018. To identify the transportation of biomass burning products, a high resolution (9 km) numerical study by Weather Research Forecast coupled with chemistry model (WRF-Chem) was performed during the campaigns. The long-range transport of biomass burning organic aerosol to Taiwan measured by HALO could be more than 2 ug/m3 at the elevation of 2500 m on 20 March, 2018. Model performances and results will discuss in this meeting. Overall, this series of studies significantly fill the gap of our understanding on air pollutants transformation and transport to Taiwan and East Asia, and show the potential directions of future studies.</p>

scholarly journals Winter Southern wind flow and air pollution episodes over Athens, Greece

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-110
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Local Circulation ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
Weak Pressure Gradient ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
Very High ◽  
Air Pollution Episodes ◽  
Pollution Episodes

The greater area comprising the Attica peninsula and the Saronic Gulf is greatly influenced by various local circulation types. During winter months, moderately high air pollutants concentrations are observed when the prevailing condition is either stagnant or a weak southern flow. The case studied in this paper regards an episode that occurred in mid-December. This episode is characterized by very weak pressure gradient over Greece, and very little change in wind speed and direction with height, without the precedence of exceptionally strong warm advection in the lower troposphere during the days before the episode. This episode was not characterized by very high air pollution values, a rather common feature during December, that even though it presents one of the highest episode frequencies, the observed values are not high enough to require the enforcement of restrictive measures.

scholarly journals Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002–2010: ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 11175-11199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
P. Konopka ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Ozone Trend ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Column Ozone

Abstract. Using a combination of ozonesonde data and numerical simulations of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), the trend of tropospheric ozone (O3) during 2002–2010 over Beijing was investigated. Tropospheric ozone over Beijing shows a winter minimum and a broad summer maximum with a clear positive trend in the maximum summer ozone concentration over the last decade. The observed significant trend of tropospheric column ozone for the entire time series is 4.6% yr−1 for a mean level of 52 DU. This trend is close to the significant trend of partial column ozone in the lower troposphere (0–3 km) during summer (3.4% yr−1 for a mean level of 23 DU). Analysis of the CLaMS simulation shows that transport rather than chemistry drives most of the seasonality of tropospheric ozone. However, dynamical processes alone cannot explain the trend of tropospheric ozone in the observational data. Clearly enhanced ozone values and a negative vertical ozone gradient in the lower troposphere in the observational data emphasize the importance of photochemistry within the troposphere during spring and summer, and suggest that the photochemistry within the troposphere significantly contributed to the tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing during the last decade.

scholarly journals Trends in emissions and concentrations of air pollutants in the lower troposphere in the Baltimore/Washington airshed from 1997 to 2011

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3135-3178 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. He ◽  
J. W. Stehr ◽  
J. C. Hains ◽  
D. J. Krask ◽  
B. G. Doddridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Back Trajectory ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Near Surface

Abstract. Trends in the composition of the lower atmosphere (0–1500 m altitude) and surface air quality over the Baltimore/Washington area and surrounding states were investigated for the period from 1997 to 2011. We examined emissions, ground-level observations and long-term aircraft measurements to characterize trends in air pollution. The USEPA Continuous Emissions Monitoring System (CEMS) program reported substantial decreases in point sources resulting from national and regional control measures; these decreases are definitely reflected in the ground-level observations. The decreasing trend of CO column contents is ~8.0 Dobson Unit (DU) decade−1, corresponding to ~350 ppbv decade−1 in the lower troposphere. Satellite observations of long-term, near-surface CO show ~40% decrease over western Maryland between 2000 and 2011, the same magnitude as indicated by aircraft measurements over upwind regions of Baltimore/Washington aished. After compensating for inter-annual temperature variations, historical aircraft measurements suggest the daily net production of tropospheric ozone over Baltimore/Washington area decreases from ~20 ppbv in the late 1990s to ~7 ppbv in the early 2010s during the ozone season. A decrease in the long-term ozone column content is observed as ~2.0 DU decade−1 in the lowest 1500 m, corresponding to ~13 ppbv decade−1 decrease. Back trajectory cluster analysis demonstrates that emissions of air pollutants from Ohio and Pennsylvania through Maryland influence column contents of downwind ozone in the lower atmosphere. The trends of air pollutants reveal the success of regulations implemented over the last decade and the importance of region wide emission controls over the eastern United States.

scholarly journals Tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing from 2002–2010: ozonesonde measurements and modeling analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 8389-8399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
P. Konopka ◽  
Y. Liu ◽  
H. Chen ◽  
R. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Data ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Photochemical Production ◽  
Ozone Trend ◽  
Summer Maximum ◽  
Column Ozone

Abstract. Using a combination of ozonesonde data and numerical simulations of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS), the trend of tropospheric ozone (O3) during 2002–2010 over Beijing was investigated. Tropospheric ozone over Beijing shows a winter minimum and a broad summer maximum with a clear positive trend in the maximum summer ozone concentration over the last decade. The observed significant trend of tropospheric column ozone is mainly caused by photochemical production (3.1% yr−1 for a mean level of 52 DU). This trend is close to the significant trend of partial column ozone in the lower troposphere (0–3 km) resulting from the enhanced photochemical production during summer (3.0% yr−1 for a mean level of 23 DU). Analysis of the CLaMS simulation shows that transport rather than chemistry drives most of the seasonality of tropospheric ozone. However, dynamical processes alone cannot explain the trend of tropospheric ozone in the observational data. Clearly enhanced ozone values and a negative vertical ozone gradient in the lower troposphere in the observational data emphasize the importance of photochemistry within the troposphere during spring and summer, and suggest that the photochemistry within the troposphere significantly contributes to the tropospheric ozone trend over Beijing during the last decade.

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