Adipose-Derived Stem Cells to Modulate Scar Tissue: From Biological Basis to Clinical Applications

Background. The aim of the study was to assess the histological effects of autologous infusion of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) on a chronic vocal fold scar in a rabbit model as compared to an untreated scar as well as in injection of hyaluronic acid.Study Design. Animal experiment.Method. We used 74 New Zealand rabbits. Sixteen of them were used as control/normal group. We created a bilateral vocal fold wound in the remaining 58 rabbits. After 18 months we separated our population into three groups. The first group served as control/scarred group. The second one was injected with hyaluronic acid in the vocal folds, and the third received an autologous adipose-derived stem cell infusion in the scarred vocal folds (ADSC group). We measured the variation of thickness of the lamina propria of the vocal folds and analyzed histopathologic changes in each group after three months.Results. The thickness of the lamina propria was significantly reduced in the group that received the ADSC injection, as compared to the normal/scarred group. The collagen deposition, the hyaluronic acid, the elastin levels, and the organization of elastic fibers tend to return to normal after the injection of ADSC.Conclusions. Autologous injection of adipose-derived stem cells on a vocal fold chronic scar enhanced the healing of the vocal folds and the reduction of the scar tissue, even when compared to other treatments.

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Exosomes Derived From Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Inhibit Lipogenesis Involving Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2021.734810 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Ziwan Ji ◽

Zhongming Cai ◽

Shuming Gu ◽

Yucang He ◽

Zikai Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Wound Healing ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Hedgehog Signaling ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Adipogenic Differentiation ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

High Fat ◽

Hh Signaling

Since obesity impairs wound closure and adipose-derived exosomes (ADEs) regulate wound healing in clinical applications, we hypothesized that ADEs may inhibit adipogenesis of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to reduce the adverse effects of obesity on wound healing. Hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been previously shown to inhibit adipogenesis in ADSCs. The present study aimed to determine the role of ADEs in the adipogenesis of ADSCs and the Hh signaling pathway. ADSCs collected from human adipose tissues were co-cultured with ADEs and treated with an adipogenic inducer. qRT-PCR showed that ADEs could inhibit adipogenic differentiation of ADSCs and activate Hh signaling. The differences in the mRNA expression profiles of genes related to Hh signaling between the groups that were exposed to either high fat or low fat indicated that increased Hh signaling activation is necessary but not sufficient to inhibit adipogenic differentiation in the ADSC differentiation process. The Hh signaling pathway can be activated effectively by ADEs, especially during high-fat exposure after treatment with ADEs. Oil Red O staining of adipocytes suggested that ADEs inhibited not only adipogenic differentiation, but also lipogenesis in ADSCs. Overall, targeted activation of Hh signaling by ADEs reduced lipid accumulation in ADSCs and may be explored for clinical applications.

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In Vitro Cultures of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: An Overview of Methods, Molecular Analyses, and Clinical Applications

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9081783 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1783 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maurycy Jankowski ◽

Claudia Dompe ◽

Rafał Sibiak ◽

Grzegorz Wąsiatycz ◽

Paul Mozdziak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Animal Studies ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

In Vitro Cultures ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Animal Trials

Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exhibiting mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) characteristics, have been extensively studied in recent years. Because they have been shown to differentiate into lineages such as osteogenic, chondrogenic, neurogenic or myogenic, the focus of most of the current research concerns either their potential to replace bone marrow as a readily available and abundant source of MSCs, or to employ them in regenerative and reconstructive medicine. There is close to consensus regarding the methodology used for ASC isolation and culture, whereas a number of molecular analyses implicates them in potential therapies of a number of pathologies. When it comes to clinical application, there is a range of examples of animal trials and clinical studies employing ASCs, further emphasizing the advancement of studies leading to their more widespread use. Nevertheless, in vitro studies will most likely continue to play a significant role in ASC studies, both providing the molecular knowledge of their ex vivo properties and possibly serving as an important step in purification and application of those cells in a clinical setting. Therefore, it is important to consider current methods of ASC isolation, culture, and processing. Furthermore, molecular analyses and cell surface properties of ASCs are essential for animal studies, clinical studies, and therapeutic applications of the MSC properties.

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Current clinical applications of adipose-derived stem cells in humans and animals

Medical Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.2478/acb-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 105-111

Author(s):

Claudia Dompe ◽

Grzegorz Wąsiatycz ◽

Paul Mozdziak ◽

Maurycy Jankowski ◽

Bartosz Kempisty

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Neural Cells ◽

Vascular Endothelial ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Endocrine Activity ◽

Cell Lineages ◽

Pancreatic Cells ◽

Ready Availability

AbstractAdipose derived stem cells are a type of mesenchymal stem cell that, because of their straightforward isolation procedure and ready availability, have been intensively studied in the recent years regarding their possible clinical applications. Additionally, ADSCs have the ability to differentiate into tri-germ lineages, as well as exhibit paracrine activity. Their capacity to differentiate into many different cell lineages such as osteocytes, adipocytes, neural cells, vascular endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes, pancreatic cells, and hepatocytes, has granted them a significant place in consideration for tissue engineering and for their application in regenerative medicine. Moreover, their endocrine activity has a great impact upon therapies as it grants immunosuppressive properties and low immunogenicity.Running title: Clinical applications of ADSCs

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Peer review report 1 on “Adipose-derived stem cells: Comparison between two methods of isolation for clinical applications”

Annals of Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.amsu.2017.07.032 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 215

Author(s):

Rachel Thavayogan

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Peer Review ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Methods Of Isolation

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The combination of trehalose and glycerol: an effective and non-toxic recipe for cryopreservation of human adipose-derived stem cells

Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.1186/s13287-020-01969-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Tian-Yu Zhang ◽

Poh-Ching Tan ◽

Yun Xie ◽

Xiao-Jie Zhang ◽

Pei-Qi Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Cell Viability ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Cell Function ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽

Cryoprotective Agents ◽

Proliferation Capacity ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

Toxic Concentrations

Abstract Background Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) promote tissue regeneration and repair. Cryoprotective agents (CPAs) protect cells from cryodamage during cryopreservation. Safe and efficient cryopreservation of ADSCs is critical for cell-based therapy in clinical applications. However, most CPAs are used at toxic concentrations, limiting their clinical application. Objective The aim of this study is to develop a non-toxic xeno-free novel CPA aiming at achieving high-efficiency and low-risk ADSC cryopreservation. Methods We explored different concentrations of trehalose (0.3 M, 0.6 M, 1.0 M, and 1.25 M) and glycerol (10%, 20%, and 30% v/v) for optimization and evaluated and compared the outcomes of ADSCs cryopreservation between a combination of trehalose and glycerol and the commonly used CPA DMSO (10%) + FBS (90%). All samples were slowly frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen for 30 days. The effectiveness was evaluated by the viability, proliferation, migration, and multi-potential differentiation of the ADSCs after thawing. Results Compared with the groups treated with individual reagents, the 1.0 M trehalose (Tre) + 20% glycerol (Gly) group showed significantly higher efficiency in preserving ADSC activities after thawing, with better outcomes in both cell viability and proliferation capacity. Compared with the 10% DMSO + 90% FBS treatment, the ADSCs preserved in 1.0 M Tre + 20% Gly showed similar cell viability, surface markers, and multi-potential differentiation but a significantly higher migration capability. The results indicated that cell function preservation can be improved by 1.0 M Tre + 20% Gly. Conclusions The 1.0 M Tre + 20% Gly treatment preserved ADSCs with a higher migration capability than 10% DMSO + 90% FBS and with viability higher than that with trehalose or glycerol alone but similar to that with 10% DMSO + 90% FBS and fresh cells. Moreover, the new CPA achieves stemness and multi-potential differentiation similar to those in fresh cells. Our results demonstrate that 1.0 M Tre + 20% Gly can more efficiently cryopreserve ADSCs and is a non-toxic CPA that may be suitable for clinical applications.

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