Subjective Data and MCDM

Hyperoxic myopia is a phenomenon reported in individuals who have prolonged exposure to an increased partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and subsequently have a myopic (nearsighted) change in their vision. To date, there are numerous accounts of hyperoxic myopia in dry hyperbaric oxygen treatment patients; however, there have been only three confirmed cases reported in wet divers. This case series adds four confirmed cases of hyperoxic myopia in wet divers using 1.35 atmospheres (ATM) PO2 at the Navy Experimental Diving Unit (NEDU). The four divers involved were the first author’s patients at NEDU. Conditions for two divers were confirmed via record review, whereas the other two divers were diagnosed by the first author. All subjects were interviewed to correlate subjective data with objective findings. Each subject completed five consecutive six-hour hyperoxic (PO2 of 1.35 ATM) dives with 18-hour surface intervals. Each individual was within the U. S. Navy Dive Manual’s standards for general health. Visual acuity was measured prior to diving. Within three to four days after diving, the individuals reported blurry vision with an associated myopic refraction shift. Each diver had spontaneous resolution of his myopia over the next two to three weeks, with no significant residual symptoms. The divers in this case series were exposed to an increased PO2 (1.35 ATM for 30 hours over five days), a lesser exposure than that in other reports of hyperoxic myopia in wet divers diagnosed with hyperoxic myopia (1.3-1.6 ATM for 45-85 hours in 12-18 days). Furthermore, this pulse of exposure was more concentrated than typically seen with traditional hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Hyperoxic myopia continues to be a risk for those conducting intensive diving with a PO2 between 1.3-1.6 ATM. Additional investigation is warranted to better define risk factors and PO2 limits regarding ocular oxygen toxicity.

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Validation of an algorithm for semiautomated surveillance to detect deep surgical site infections after primary total hip or knee arthroplasty—A multicenter study

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Janneke D. M. Verberk ◽

Stephanie M. van Rooden ◽

Mayke B. G. Koek ◽

David J. Hetem ◽

Annelies E. Smilde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Knee Arthroplasty ◽

High Probability ◽

Surgical Site Infections ◽

Data Interpretation ◽

Routine Care ◽

Successful Implementation ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Essential Information ◽

Total Hip ◽

Healthcare Associated

AbstractObjective:Surveillance of healthcare-associated infections is often performed by manual chart review. Semiautomated surveillance may substantially reduce workload and subjective data interpretation. We assessed the validity of a previously published algorithm for semiautomated surveillance of deep surgical site infections (SSIs) after total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Dutch hospitals. In addition, we explored the ability of a hospital to automatically select the patients under surveillance.Design:Multicenter retrospective cohort study.Methods:Hospitals identified patients who underwent THA or TKA either by procedure codes or by conventional surveillance. For these patients, routine care data regarding microbiology results, antibiotics, (re)admissions, and surgeries within 120 days following THA or TKA were extracted from electronic health records. Patient selection was compared with conventional surveillance and patients were retrospectively classified as low or high probability of having developed deep SSI by the algorithm. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV), and workload reduction were calculated and compared to conventional surveillance.Results:Of 9,554 extracted THA and TKA surgeries, 1,175 (12.3%) were revisions, and 8,378 primary surgeries remained for algorithm validation (95 deep SSIs, 1.1%). Sensitivity ranged from 93.6% to 100% and PPV ranged from 55.8% to 72.2%. Workload was reduced by ≥98%. Also, 2 SSIs (2.1%) missed by the algorithm were explained by flaws in data selection.Conclusions:This algorithm reliably detects patients with a high probability of having developed deep SSI after THA or TKA in Dutch hospitals. Our results provide essential information for successful implementation of semiautomated surveillance for deep SSIs after THA or TKA.

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What is the optimal outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis? A consultation of Canadian experts

Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery ◽

10.1186/s40463-021-00519-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nadim Saydy ◽

Sami P. Moubayed ◽

Marie Bussières ◽

Arif Janjua ◽

Shaun Kilty ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery ◽

Patient Reported Outcome ◽

Sinus Surgery ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Operative Outcomes ◽

Patient Reported ◽

Definition Of Success ◽

Reported Data

Abstract Objectives Many experts feel that in the absence of well-defined goals for success, they have an easier time identifying failure. As success ought to not be defined only by absence of failure, we aimed to define optimal outcomes for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) by obtaining expert surgeon perspectives. Methods A total of 12 surgeons participated in this targeted consultation. Face to face semi-structured interviews were performed with expert surgeons in the field of CRS and ESS. General impressions and personal definitions of acceptable operative success and optimal operative outcomes were compiled and summarized. Results According to an expert survey, patients’ main objectives are an improvement in their chief complain, a general improvement in quality of life (QoL), and a better overall symptomatic control. The most important aspects of endoscopy for defining a successful intervention were an adequate mucus circulation, a healthy mucosa, minimal edema, and patency of all explored cavities or ostia. In the assessment of surgical outcomes, it was determined that both objective and patient reported data must be carefully examined, with more attention given to subjective outcomes. Conclusions According to data gathered from a Canadian expert consultation, a definition of success must be based on both subjective data and nasal endoscopy. We propose to define an acceptable outcome as either a subjective improvement of at least the minimal clinically improvement difference of a validated patient reported outcome questionnaire, along with a satisfactory endoscopic result (1) or a complete subjective resolution with a sub-optimal endoscopy (2). Graphical abstract

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Computer-assisted sign language translation: a study of translators’ practice to specify CAT software

Machine Translation ◽

10.1007/s10590-021-09278-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marion Kaczmarek ◽

Michael Filhol

Keyword(s):

Sign Language ◽

Language Translation ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Translation Process ◽

Sign Languages ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Do So

AbstractProfessional Sign Language translators, unlike their text-to-text counterparts, are not equipped with computer-assisted translation (CAT) software. Those softwares are meant to ease the translators’ tasks. No prior study as been conducted on this topic, and we aim at specifying such a software. To do so, we based our study on the professional Sign Language translators’ practices and needs. The aim of this paper is to identify the necessary steps in the text-to-sign translation process. By filming and interviewing professionals for both objective and subjective data, we build a list of tasks and see if they are systematic and performed in a definite order. Finally, we reflect on how CAT tools could assist those tasks, how to adapt the existing tools to Sign Language and what is necessary to add in order to fit the needs of Sign Language translation. In the long term, we plan to develop a first prototype of CAT software for sign languages.

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Cognitive orientation to daily occupation group in the adult day rehabilitation setting: A feasibility study Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance in day rehabilitation

British Journal of Occupational Therapy ◽

10.1177/03080226211008713 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030802262110087

Author(s):

Sarah M Zera ◽

Kathy Preissner ◽

Heidi Fischer ◽

Ashley Stoffel

Keyword(s):

Feasibility Study ◽

Performance Measure ◽

Group Model ◽

Occupational Performance ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Group Format ◽

Cognitive Orientation ◽

Canadian Occupational Performance Measure ◽

Occupation Group ◽

Daily Occupation

Introduction The Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) ApproachTM is a leading approach in occupational therapy. Implementing the CO-OP ApproachTM in a group format in day rehabilitation has not yet been explored. Method In day rehabilitation, a barrier to implementing the CO-OP ApproachTM is the group model. To address these challenges, this feasibility study involved the development, implementation, and evaluation of a CO-OP group for adults. Four patients participated in six group sessions. Pre- and post-measures included the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). Subjective data were collected to reflect the participant’s experiences during the group. Results 80% of participants recruited completed the group. All participants demonstrated improvement in goals addressed within the group and goals not addressed within the group on the COPM. AMPS findings were inconclusive. Subjective findings indicated participants appreciated the group learning environment, valued the CO-OP process, were motivated to participate, and would have liked more groups. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first adult CO-OP group in a clinical setting. Results support the feasibility of a CO-OP group in day rehabilitation and the need for further examination of the effectiveness of this intervention.

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Assessment of Wheelchair Propulsion Performance in an Immersive Virtual Reality Simulator

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18158016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (15) ◽

pp. 8016

Author(s):

Yu-Sheng Yang ◽

Alicia M. Koontz ◽

Yu-Hsuan Hsiao ◽

Cheng-Tang Pan ◽

Jyh-Jong Chang

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Qualitative Interviews ◽

Real Life ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Wheelchair Propulsion ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Wheelchair Users ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Propulsion Performance

Maneuvering a wheelchair is an important necessity for the everyday life and social activities of people with a range of physical disabilities. However, in real life, wheelchair users face several common challenges: articulate steering, spatial relationships, and negotiating obstacles. Therefore, our research group has developed a head-mounted display (HMD)-based intuitive virtual reality (VR) stimulator for wheelchair propulsion. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and efficacy of this VR stimulator for wheelchair propulsion performance. Twenty manual wheelchair users (16 men and 4 women) with spinal cord injuries ranging from T8 to L2 participated in this study. The differences in wheelchair propulsion kinematics between immersive and non-immersive VR environments were assessed using a 3D motion analysis system. Subjective data of the HMD-based intuitive VR stimulator were collected with a Presence Questionnaire and individual semi-structured interview at the end of the trial. Results indicated that propulsion performance was very similar in terms of start angle (p = 0.34), end angle (p = 0.46), stroke angle (p = 0.76), and shoulder movement (p = 0.66) between immersive and non-immersive VR environments. In the VR episode featuring an uphill journey, an increase in propulsion speed (p < 0.01) and cadence (p < 0.01) were found, as well as a greater trunk forward inclination (p = 0.01). Qualitative interviews showed that this VR simulator made an attractive, novel impression and therefore demonstrated the potential as a tool for stimulating training motivation. This HMD-based intuitive VR stimulator can be an effective resource to enhance wheelchair maneuverability experiences.

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Examining the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in London care homes

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology ◽

10.1177/01436244211013645 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 014362442110136

Author(s):

Rajat Gupta ◽

Alastair Howard ◽

Mike Davies ◽

Anna Mavrogianni ◽

Ioanna Tsoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Comfort ◽

Care Home ◽

Thermal Conditions ◽

Care Homes ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Night Time ◽

Institutional Practices ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Hybrid Buildings ◽

Hot Weather

This paper brings together objective and subjective data on indoor temperature and thermal comfort to examine the magnitude and perception of summertime overheating in two London-based care homes occupying modern and older buildings. Continuous monitoring of indoor and outdoor temperature, relative humidity and CO2 levels was conducted in summer 2019 along with thermal comfort surveys and semi-structured interviews with older residents and staff of the care settings. Indoor temperatures were found to be high (>30°C) with bedroom temperatures often higher at night than daytime across both care settings. Limited opening due to window restrictors constrained night-time ventilation. Overheating was prevalent with four out of the five monitored bedrooms failing all four overheating metrics investigated. While 35–42% of staff responses perceived indoor temperatures to be uncomfortably hot, only 13–19% of resident responses were found to do so, indicating that elderly residents tend to be relatively insensitive to heat, leaving them open to overheating without realising it. Residents and staff in the modern care setting were less satisfied with their thermal conditions. As hybrid buildings, care settings need to keep both residents and staff comfortable and healthy during hot weather through night-time ventilation, management of heating and supportive institutional practices. Practical application: Care home designs have focused on keeping residents warm through the winter, neglecting the risks of summertime overheating. Care homes are hybrid buildings serving as living spaces for vulnerable older residents and offices/workspaces for staff. Providing comfort to both groups during periods of hot weather is challenging. Opportunities for ventilation are limited by Health & Safety regulations that mandate up to 10 cm maximum window openings and institutional practices that result in windows routinely kept closed, particularly at night. Utilising natural and where possible cross-ventilation should be considered along with external shading. Heating should be managed to avoid unwanted heat gains in the summer.

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Relationships Between Cognitive and Driving Self-Awareness in Older Drivers

The Journals of Gerontology Series B ◽

10.1093/geronb/gbaa224 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Laurence Paire-Ficout ◽

Sylviane Lafont ◽

Marion Hay ◽

Amandine Coquillat ◽

Colette Fabrigoule ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cognitive Ability ◽

Cognitive Skills ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Older Drivers ◽

Driving Ability ◽

Digit Symbol Substitution Test ◽

Self Awareness ◽

Subjective Data

Abstract Objectives Many older drivers incorrectly estimate their driving ability. The present study aimed to determine whether, and if so, to what extent unawareness of cognitive abilities affects self-awareness of driving ability. Methods Two successive studies were conducted. A cohort study investigated cognitive self-awareness and an experimental study examined driving self-awareness in older drivers. In each one, self-awareness was assessed by cross-analyzing objective (respectively Trail-Making Tests A & B and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test and driving performance of on-road assessment) and subjective data (responses about everyday cognitive skills and driving ability). Older drivers were then classified as being over-, correct or underestimators. The three cognitive and driving self-awareness profiles were then cross-analyzed. Results In the cohort study, 1,190 drivers aged 70 years or older were included. The results showed that 42.7% of older drivers overestimated their cognitive ability, 42.2% estimated it correctly, and 15.1% underestimated it. The experimental study included 145 participants from the cohort. The results showed that 34% of participants overestimated, 45% correctly estimated, and 21 % underestimated their driving ability. There was a significant relationship between cognitive and driving self-awareness profiles (p=0,02). This overlap was more marked in overestimators. Discussion Significant overlap between cognitive and driving self-awareness provides useful and new knowledge about driving in the aging population. Misestimation of cognitive ability could hamper self-awareness of driving ability, and consequently self-regulation of driving. It is now crucial to develop measures that promote self-awareness of ability.

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Estimation of Determinants of Farmland Abandonment and Its Data Problems

Land ◽

10.3390/land10060596 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 596

Author(s):

Shinichi Kitano

Keyword(s):

Census Data ◽

Evaluation Research ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Third Party ◽

Objective Data ◽

Farmland Abandonment ◽

Subjective Data ◽

Research Attention ◽

Abandoned Farmland ◽

The Impact

Abandoned farmland is particularly problematic in developed countries where agriculture has a comparative disadvantage in terms of effective use of land resources invested over time. While many studies have estimated the causes of these problems, few have discussed in detail the impact of data characteristics and accuracy on the estimation results. In this study, issues related to the underlying data and the estimation of the determinants of farmland abandonment were examined. Most previous studies on farmland abandonment in Japan have used census data as the basis of their analyses. However, census data are recorded subjectively by farmers. To address this, surveys of abandoned farmland are being conducted by a third party, and the results are compiled into a geographic information system (GIS) database. Two types of datasets (subjective census data and objective GIS data) were examined for their estimation performance. Although the two sets of data are correlated, there are considerable differences between them. Subjective variables are compatible with subjective data, and objective variables are compatible with objective data (meaning that parameters are easily identified). Original data for analysis, such as policy variables, are compatible with objective data. In policy evaluation research, attention should be paid to objective data collection.

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